Nightingale Health Journal (May - 2013)
Transcript of Nightingale Health Journal (May - 2013)
7/28/2019 Nightingale Health Journal (May - 2013)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nightingale-health-journal-may-2013 1/16
7/28/2019 Nightingale Health Journal (May - 2013)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nightingale-health-journal-may-2013 2/16
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P.O.Box 21, Mae Sot, 63110 Tak Province, Thailand
Phone :Office - 055544495E-mail : [email protected]
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7/28/2019 Nightingale Health Journal (May - 2013)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nightingale-health-journal-may-2013 3/16
usef ;rma&;*sme,ftrS wf-35? arv? 2013-ckES pf NIGHTINGALE 3
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7/28/2019 Nightingale Health Journal (May - 2013)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nightingale-health-journal-may-2013 4/16
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ckef EIef;udk em&D eJY yxrqHk;rSwf wrf;wif cJh ygw,f/ John Flo-
yer(1649-1734) uawmh aoG ; ck ef EI ef ;wd k if ;em&D ud k 1707 ck ES pf rSm wDxGifcJ hw,f/ qdkawmh aoG;ckefEIef;udk rSefrS efuef uef wd k if;wmvmEdk ifw,f/ 1776 ck ESpfrSm aoG;csd K? qD;csd K vl emawG
eJY odkif;½GKdufvnf;yifBuD; t qdyfwuf a&m*gonfawGrSm aoG;ck efEIe f; yHkrS efr[kw fwm azmf jyEd kif cJ h w,f/
Hippocrates u tzsm;udk avh vmcJ h NyD ; a&m*gvu© Pm w ckxuf a&m*gwcktjzpfom owf rSwf cJh w,f/ tyl wdk if ;ud &d
,mud k awmh Santorius u 1625 rS m BuH qwnf xG if cJ h w,f/ omrd k rDwmudk awmh okawoe ud&d ,mtjzpf Gabriel Fahrenheit
(1686-1736) ESif h Hermann
Boerhaave (1668-1738) wdkY yl; aygif; zef wD;cJ hw,f/ 18 &mpk tv,favmufr Sm aps;uGuf twG if ; omrd k rD wmawG 0,f vd k Y& cJ hw,f/
13 &mpk u Johannes Actu-
arius u rS efbD vl ;oH k;NyD ; qD ;ud k ppf aq;cJh w,f/ Harvey acwf
rS mawmh qD ;ud k Munf h ½I wJh tjyif t&omcH Munf h cJ h Muw,f/ ud k ,f cE¨ m&JU vQKd U0Suf csufud k &S mawG Y Edkifr,fvdkY pOf;pm;cJhMuw,f/Harvey u xd kodk Y vkyfaqmif
jcif;jzihf qD;xJoMum;"mwfeJY azma&mifjcif;udk a&m*gowf rSwfEdkifaMumif; rSwfwrf;wif cJ hw,f/
qD ;rS m tom;"mwf y½k d wd ef ; ygwmud k awmh Frederik Dekkers
(1644-1720) u yxrqH k ;azmf jy cJ h w,f/ od k Yaomf rnf ol urS t
od trSwf rjyKcJh/Richard Bright
(1789-1858) u xdktcsuf[m ausmufuyfa&m*gawGtwGuf ta&;BuD ;aMumif; wifjyrSom vuf cH vmcJh Muw,f/
yxr&mpkE Spfuwnf;uCelsus u vlemudk,ftav;
csdef eJ Y t&yftarmif ;wd k Yud k wd kif ; wm rSwfom;cJhaomfvnf; 20 &mpk a&muf rS om us,f us,f jyef Y jyef Yvuf cH toH k ;jyKvmMuw,f/
vlemar;jref;prf;oyfenf; &JU acwfopfuawmh Battista
Morgagani (1682-1771) &JU t ,l tqt& pwifvmygw,f/ ol ,lqcsuf uawmh a&m*gqdk wm udk,f t*Fgrsm;rSom xGuf ay:vmNyD; taMumif;&if;wck wnf;aMumifh ("mwfBuD ;av; yg;rrQ) qdkwmud k y,fvdkuf yg w,f/ 1761 rSm olYpmtkyf xG uf vmw,f/
Leopord Auenbrugger u 'DESpfxJrSmyJ vlemudk acguf MunfhNyD; prf ;oyfppf aq; a&m *g&S mazG enf;ud k wDxGif cJ h w,f/ &mpkESpf0uf avmuf 'D enf;[m wdrfjrKyf aeNyD; Jean Corvisart
(1755-1821) u 1808 rS m jyef vnf azmfxk wfcJh ygw,f/
ta&; Bu D;wJ hw dk ;wufrI aemufxyfwckuawmh Corvi-
sart &J U wynfh wOD ;jzpf wJ h Rene
Laennec(1781-1826) u q&m
0ef em;Muyf ud k 1816 rS m wD xG if cJhwmyJ/ yxr pay:wkef;u puúLrmrm tvd yfvd yf om jzpf NyD ; tqkwf a&m*geJ Y ESvH k ;a&m*g awG udk em;axmifjcif ;enf ;jzifh a&m* g& Smaz Ga&;twGu f t axmuf tul ay;cJ hygw,f/
vlem&i fbwfay: em;eJY
uyf NyD ; em;axmif wm vl emawG twG uf t&S uf &apovd k jzpf wJ h twGuf ,ck vdk enf;ynmawG ay:xGef ;vmwmuawmh tm;& p&m/ 'gudk awmf vSef aom &if bwfprf ;oyfenf;vd k Y ac:a0:cJ h Muw,f/ 1825 ckESpf a&muf awmh Willian Stokes (1804-78)
u q&m0efoHk; em;MuyftoHk ; jyKyHkudk yxrqHk; pmwrf;jyKpkcJh w,f/ prf;oyfenf ;&JU tusdK; aus;Zl;& SdyHkawGud kawmh Josef
Skodas (1805-81) u 1839
ckESpfrS m pmtkyfxkwfa0NyD;wJh tcsde fawGrSmawmh aq;ynm &SifawGtMum; pwuf odkpukyf toHk ;jyKrI acwfpm;vmygawmh w,f/
xd k uJ h od k Y wd k;wuf ajymif;vJ rIawG aMumif h aq;ynm&yf awG rS m tajymif ;tvJ awG jzpf vmyg w,f/
vlemukwifab; pmoif jcif ;uawmh Montanus (1498-
1552) u 1543 uwnf;u p wifcJhygw,f/ 17 &mpk rSm o
rm;awmf awG[m vl emud k udk ,f wdkifMunfhwm&Sm;w,f/ vuf axmuf rS wif jyvmwJ h a&m*g&m Z0ifud k em;axmifNyD; aq;uk cJh Muw,f/ Thomas Sydenham
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jyifopfawmfvSefa&;tNyD; yJ&pf aq;½k Hu q&m0ef BuD ;awG jzp fwJh Morgagni, Corvisart,
Laennec eJY tjcm;olawG[m aq;ynmtajymif ;tvJ awGudk jzpf vmapcJ h w,f/ tod ynmt vif ;a&mif wd k ;wuf jcif ; 'óe t& yJ&pfaq;ausmif;u vl aoawG cGJpdwfppfaq;jcif;udk vlemawG&JU ½kyfydkif ;vu©Pm prf;oyfppfaq;jcif ;awGeJY yl; aygif ;avh vmcJ h Muw,f/ 'D aq; ausmif ;&J U enf ;emawG uk dRobe-
rt Graves (1796-1853) eJ YWilliam Stokes wdkY tvk yfvk yf
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aemuf yd k if ;wG if vef 'ef rSm&Sd wJh Guy aq;½kHwG if Thomas
Addison (1798-1866) eJ Y Tho-
mas Hodgkin (1824-1911)
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1869 ckE Spf rSm Samuel
Wilks (1824-1911) u a&m*g aMumifh vufonf ;cG Htajymif; tvJ awGud k a&;om;cJh ygw,f/ tcktcsdeftxd 'Dvu©PmawG
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Carl Wunderlich ( 1815-77)
u tzsm;udk a&m*gwck tjzpf uae a&m*g&JUvu© Pmtjzpf od kY ,lqvmatmif Bud K;yrf;Edk if cJh w,f/
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wcsdKUaom AufwD ;&D;,m;? Akd if;&yf pf? rI d pwJ ha&m*gykd ;rsdK;pkH [m omref eJY jyif ;xefwJ h tyl csd ef awG rS m jyif yrS m MumMumr&S if
oefEkd ifayr,fh/ acR;? aoG;? pkd xkdif;wJ htajctae at;jrwJht yl csdef awGrS m tMumBuD ; &Sifoef Ekd ifygw,f/
'gaMumifh vufaygif;pkHeJY xdawGYxm;wJh txl ;ojzif h a[mif;EGrf ;? pkwfNyJ? npfayae wJ h aiG aMu;? aiG puú LawG tcsd ef Mumjrif h pG m od rf ;qnf ;ok davS mif xm;wJ h aiG puú L (Oyrm tvS LcH yk H ;? ajrwkd uf cef ; pwJ h ae&mawG ) rSm rId wufysufpD;NyD ; a&m*gykd ; awG uyfn§d vG,fygw,f/
a[mif ;EG rf ;? npfayaewJ h aiG puúL awG uae b,f vk da&m*gawG jzpfay: apEk difovJ
aiGaMu;puúL txl ;ojzifh a[mif;EGrf ;? pkwf NyJnpf ywfae wJh aiGpuúLawGuae ul;puf a&m*gtrsd K;rsd K; jzpfapEkdi fyg
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oat)? tmoD ;a&mif em (Tonsilitis)? ESmap;acsmif;qk d;? wkyfauG;a&m *gtrsdK;rsdK; (&moDajymif;wkyf auG;? Muuf iSuf wkyfauG;? 0uf wkyfauG; tygt0if wkyf auG ; awmf0ifrdom;pkpm&if ;0if auG; 'k d if euf pwD Ak d if ;&yf pf a&m*grsm;)
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'ghtjyif aiGpuú La[mif; awGuwqifh 0rf;avQm? 0rf; azm? 0rf;ukduf? umv0rf;a&m *gtygt0if tlvrf;a Mumif; a&m*grsm ;? tonf;a&mi ft om;0g a&m*grsd K;pk H? tl a&mif ief ; zsm;a&m*g jzpfapEkdifwm 65
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oef aumif Ouwqif h oef aumif a&m*gawG uk d jzpf apEk d if ygw,f/
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ykdufqH? aiGaMu;ukdvnf; aoG;? tn§D a&? tnpftaMu;? om;ig;awGukdifwG,fNyD; csuf csif; wkd uf½kduf ukdifwm rvk yf oifhygbl;/ om;ig;a&mif;0,f?
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tkyfcsKyf ol tpk d;&wm0ef &Sd olawG&JU tykd if ;taeeJY pD;yG m; a&;ynm&Sif? usef;rma&;ynm &Sif? Xmeaygif ;pkH? buf aygif ;pkH
tultnDawGeJY ynmay;wm? vSnf hywfaew Jh ai Ga Mu;awG xd ef ;od rf ;pD rH rI (a[mif ;EG rf ;pk wf NyJaewJh aiGpuú LawGukd bPf awG u jyefvnf odrf ;qnf; vJ vS ,fay;NyD ; zsuf qD ;ypfwm? t cgtm;avsmfpGm aiGpuúLtopf xkw fa0wm? aiGta<uop f xk wf wm)awG vk yf oif h ygw,f/
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wcsd KUEk d if iH awG (Oyrm uae 'g? Mopaw;vs? xk dif ;)pwJ h ae &mawG rSm Plastic Money ac:wJ h rusd K;raMu? rpk wf NyJ vG ,f wJ h Pl-
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1/ epfud kwif ;"mwf – pGJaponf/
2/ uwå &mtrIef trT m;rsm; –
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rsm;udk ysuf pD ;aponf/ 6/ owå Krsm; - uifqmjzpfaponf htqdyf/7/ a&' D,d k"mwf <u "mwfaygif ;rsm; - uifqmjzpfaponf/
7/28/2019 Nightingale Health Journal (May - 2013)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nightingale-health-journal-may-2013 9/16
usef ;rma&;*sme,ftrS wf-35? arv? 2013-ckES pf NIGHTINGALE 9
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qefwmuavmhpf
7/28/2019 Nightingale Health Journal (May - 2013)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nightingale-health-journal-may-2013 10/16
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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nightingale-health-journal-may-2013 12/16
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rd ef;ra&m a,mufsm;awGt wG uf yg vd k w,f/ Human papill-
oma virus ac:wJh Adkif;&yf pf u ae trsd K;orD ;awG rS m om;td rf 0 uifqm jzpfapEdk ifw,f/ a,m uf sm;awG vnf ; vnf acsmif ;uif qm jzpfEdk ifw,f/ 'DumuG ,f aq; trsd K;tpm;wck uae rdef ; ra&m a,mufsm ;awGyg vdif vrf ;aMumif ;MuG uf Ed k Y jzpf rS mud k yg umuG ,f w,f/ uav;touf 9 ESpf txufqdk &if xd k ;vd k Y&NyD/
26 ESpf txd xdk;oifhw,f/ txl ;ojzifh rdef;uav;? trsdK; orD ;awG eJ Y a,muf sm;av; (a*;) awGtwG ufvdk ygw,f/ aq; 2 rsd K;&Sd w,f/ aps;vnf; BuD ;ao; w,f/ (0-2-6)qdkwJ h azmfjrL vmtwdk if ; xdk;ygw,f/
5/ OD;aESmu fajr§;a& mif umuG,faq; Meningitis
ppfrIxrf;aw G? aumvdy f ausmif;om;awG? Ed kif iHwum c &D ;vSnfh olawG? ck cHtm;enf ;ol awGtwGuf xd k;oifhw,f/
6/ tonf ;a&mifa&m*g umuG,faq;rsm; Hepatitis
- Hepatitis A tonf;a&mif-
at trs dK;tpm;u tpm;t aomufeJY a&xJ rS mygaevdk Y ul ; puf w,f/ vrf;ab; aq;xdk ; orm;awG? vdifwlqufqHol a,mu fsm ;awGvnf; ul;Edk if w,f/ ae&mwd kif ;rS mawmh rxd k ; Muyg/ - Hepatitis B tonf;a&mif- bD trsdK;tpm;uawmh udk,f cE¨mu t&nfrSeforQrSm ygae Edkifw,f/ txl;ojzif h vdif vrf;uxG ufwJ h t&nf rS mygvdkY vdifqufqH &muae ul;w,f/
aoG;xJrSmygvdk Y aq;xdk;tyf? rkwfqdwf&dwf'g; tiS m;oHk;&m uae ul;r,f/ vlwdk if ;xd k;oif h w,f/ bD ydk ;umuG,f aq;Hep-
atitis B Vaccine 3 vHk; jynhf atmif xdk ;&w,f/ aq;½Hk ? "mwf cGJ cef ;awG rS m tvk yf vk yf ol awGu rxdk;rae xdk ;xm;Mu& r,f/ - aemuf ]bD} umuG,faq; wrsdK;udk Hepatitis B Immune
Globulin tonf ;a&mif bD (*vd k AsLvif ) vdkYac:w,f/ trSefu umuG,faq;awm hr[kwfyg/ bDydk;&Sdwh Jrd cifuae arG;vmwJ h uav;udk 12 em&D twG if; w vH k; xdk ;&w,f/ td E´ d,rS m &l;yD ; 5800 ay;&w,f/ vlBuD;awG qdk&if 10 vHk ;uae tvH k; 20 vdkw,f / q&m0e f? olemjyK q&mr? "mwfcGJcef;? aoG;vSL bPfrSm tvkyfvkyfolawG w u,f vd k Y trS wf rxifbD yd k ;ygwJ h aoG; udk ,hfxJ t0ifcH&w,fqd k &if 'Dtrsd K;tpm;aq;udk csuf csif;xdk;&r,f/ tonf ;a&mif - pD yd k;tw Gu f umuG,faq; ray:ao;yg/
7/ wkyfauG; umuG,faq; Flu
Shot
wES pf wcg xd k ;aeoif h w,f vdkY tar&d uefEdkifiHrS m tBuHjyK xm;w,f/ Influenza virus
Ad kif ;&yf pfyd k ;awG u wESpf eJ YwES pf rwl wmawG jzpf ae&if umuG ,f aq;ta[mi f;e JYr&v dkY jzpf w,f/
8/ El rd k ;eD ;,m; umuG ,faq;Pneumococcus (El rd kaumuyf pf )
Pneumococcal polysa-
ccharide vaccine (PPSV) vdkY ac:w,f/ Pneumonia Elrdk;eD ; ,m;? Bloodstream infections
aoG;uae ul;pufwJh a&m*g awGeJ Y Meningitis OD ;aESmufajr§ ; a&mifwmawGudk jzpfapw,f/Pneumococcal pneumonia
jzpf wmu qd k ;w,f/ 'gawG um uG,fr,fhaq; jzpfw,f/
9/ 0ufouf+ yoda&mif + *smref 0ufouf Measles/Mum-ps/
Rubella
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w,f/ vlawGtrsm;BuD;rSm ul ; puf vd k Y wH awG ;xG uf wJ h tusd wf a&mifwJh Adkif;&yfpfa&m*g jzpf w,f/ a,mufsm ;av;awGrSm usm;tpda&mifwm Orchitis eJY wG J vmwwf w,f/ - Rubella (½l bJ vm;) ud k *smref
0ufoufGerman measles
vd k Yvnf ;ac:w,f/ Ad k if ;&yf pf a&m *gjzpf w,f/ uav;awG jzpf wm ta&;rBuD;yg/ 2-3 &ufeJY aysmuf r,f/ ud k ,f 0efaqmif t rsdK;orD ;qdk&if udk,f 0efysufEd kif w,f/ txJuuav;udk xd cdkufr,f/ udk,f0ef 5 v t wGif ;jzpf ae&if arG ;vmr,fh u av;rSm arG;&myg Congenital
rubella syndrome (CRS) &Ed kif w, f/ i, fi,fuwnf ;uMMR umuG ,f aq; rxd k ;&ao;
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10/ EdkifiH&yfjcm; c&D;oGm;rsm;t wGuf umuG,faq;rsm;Travel Vaccinations
Travel immunizations vdkY vnf;ac:w,f/ taemufEdkifiH om;awG qif ;&J rG J awaeao;wJ h ae&ma'oawG udk roG m;cif xdk ; oifhw,fvdkY owfrSwfjy|mef; xm;wJh umuG,f aq;pm&if;qdk wm &S d w,f/ wcsd KUu AD Zmray; cif xdk ;^rxdk ; Munhf ao;w,f/ wcsd KUEd k if iH awG uvnf ; ol wd k YqD rSm xl ;qef;wJ ha&m*g? uyf a&m *gwckck jzpfaecsd ef rS m avqdyf? oabFmqdyf pwJh wdkif;jynf 0if
aygu fawGuaeqD; Ny D; um uG ,faq; xdk;ay;w,f/
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r,fh olYADZ&Sdaeao;vdkY um uG ,f aq;xd k ;ol Yud k ,f xJ a&muf oGm;&if tJ'Dvl &JU ud k,fcHtm; pepfuae 'Dyd k;udk ckcHay;r,fh udk,fcHtm; Antibody (tifwD abmf'D)qdkwm xkwfay;awmh r,f/ 'D"mwf awGjynfh pHk vmcsdef rS m wu,f a&m*gyd k ;0if vmygap cHcsay;rSmrd kY a&m*gjzpf rvmap Ed k ifawmh bl ;/ 0uf ouf ayguf zl ; wJ h uav; aemuf xyf 0uf ouf raygufEdkifwJh obm0udk twk ,l NyD; Vaccines umuG,faq;
awG vkyf ay;wmjzpfw,f/ EdkifiH&yfjcm; c&D;oGm;rsm ; twGuf umuG,faq;awGu pdwfcs&w,f/ xda&mufw,f/ t"du 3 rsdK; &Sdw,f/ c&D;r xGuf cif (4-6) ywf BudKwif
jyifqifyg/ - uav;wdkif ;? vlwdkif ;
xd k ;Mu&r,f vd k Y owf rS wf xm;wJ h umuG,f aq;awG/ Routine
vaccines EdkifiHwck eJYwck rwl bl; / tcs defumvt&vnf; ajymif; aeao;w,f/ wdk;vm wmawGa&m rvd kawmhvdk Y y,f
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- xdk;zdkY ñTefMum;c sufeJY owf rS wf xm;wJ h umuG,f aq; awG/ Recommended vaccines
- Ed kif iH wck csif ;tvd kuf om xd k;apr,fh umuG,faq;awG/Required vaccines Oyrm tmz
&dueJY awmiftar&d u oGm;ol awGtwGuf Yellow fever vac-
cine (,Jvdk;-zDAm) umuG,f
aq;/ aqm f'Dtma&;A D;,m; twG uf OD;aES mufajr§ ;a&mifa&m *g Meningococcal vaccine
(rif eif *d k aumf u,f vf ) umuG ,f aq;/
a'guf wmwif haqG
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vnf acsmif;uifqm? yg;uifqm? vQmuif qmjzpfonf/ tpmtd rf uif qm? tl uif qm? uif qm>yefjzpfonf/ cHwGif;uifqm? qk d;0g;pGm? urÇmrSmjzpfonf/ rsdK;pkHuifqm? jzpfvk d&m? pm;yguGrf;tvD vD/ uG rf;uk dpG efYcG m? aiGpkyg? Opö mwkd;awmhrnf/ &Tif vef ;usef;rm? touf&Snf&m? jyifygtcsd efrD/
qvk dif ;a&T vif ;
vlBuD;awGvnf; umuG,faq;vd kw,fa'gufwmwifhaqG
7/28/2019 Nightingale Health Journal (May - 2013)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nightingale-health-journal-may-2013 13/16
usef ;rma&;*sme,ftrS wf-35? arv? 2013-ckES pf NIGHTINGALE 13
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***
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