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Night-Sky Objects for Southern Observers By Rob Horvat (V3: Revised and Updated Dec 2013)

In its original version (V1), these maps and their object descriptions were the culmination of some 2000 hours of data collection, program development/debugging, diagram construction and celestial object research. This total time did not include visual observing time at the eyepiece. The project began from my own interest in astronomy and as a personal challenge. My initial intention was to create a set of maps and data for my own personal use. Later on, I was convinced they were good enough for general use. V1 was made freely available on the web in Jan 2009. Rationale/objectives for the maps: I wanted to design a set of maps with minimal object clutter, each map accompanied by a list of interesting, brighter, target objects. Most of the well-known visual objects for southern observers have been included. Each constellation map and its object descriptions were to fit on one A4 page. The maps could be read as a pdf document on computer or tablet. If printed out, the pages could be put into a plastic sleeve folder to protect them from dew outdoors. All maps were created with a white background to reduce ink usage. Maps were to be oriented for southern observers. Looking north, the maps would be oriented with Celestial North down, so the constellations were “the right way up”. Looking south, the maps would be oriented as usual. The limit of observation to the north was set to declination +55 degrees. For simplicity, maps were to show mostly brighter stars to magnitude 4. Some fainter stars were included where they might help to locate objects such as galaxies or if they were interesting carbon stars or multiple stars. Each page, where possible, was to provide a variety of target objects listing some of the best multiple stars, carbon stars, planetary nebulae, open clusters, globular clusters and galaxies. Most of the objects listed were selected for their wow factor and/or brightness. Different sources often showed marked variations in the visual magnitude of an object, particularly larger objects such as open clusters, globular clusters and galaxies. At times, the quoted visual magnitude for an object could vary by more than one unit from one source to another. Where discrepancies occurred, I went for the value that seemed to be the most likely. Construction of the maps: J2000.0 coordinates (Right Ascension, Declination) for all objects were originally obtained from the SIMBAD database. A set of constellation templates (see sample next page) were produced by running a program that I wrote in BASIC on an iMac. The program utilised a database (entered manually) of some 1300 objects. Using the drawing program in Appleworks, all lines/symbols/text were then added manually onto each template. In July 2010, these Appleworks drawing files were converted into EazyDraw files for improved graphics and portability.

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Sample template for Capricornus-Aquarius-Piscis Austrinus:

Acknowledgements: For coordinates and other star data - SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. SIMBAD’s criteria query (region function) was useful in estimating the sizes of open clusters, the number of brighter stars in a magnitude range and also in finding the brightest stars in the cluster. For multiple star data - Washington Double Star Catalog maintained at the U.S. Naval Observatory. Some References: NGC Catalogue. NGC/IC Project - Public Database. STARS by Jim Kaler, Prof. Emeritus of Astronomy, University of Illinois. SkySafari. Wikipedia’s articles on Messier and NGC objects. Wikipedia has many useful lists for browsing and selection of interesting objects: List of stars by constellation (given in visual magnitude order), List of globular clusters, List of galaxy clusters, List of Messier objects, List of NGC objects. Dedication: This work is dedicated to the memory of my wife, Leah.

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When to Observe the Constellations

The listed constellations culminate (are highest in the sky) around 10 pm (11 pm daylight saving time) roughly in the middle of each month. Culmination occurs when the constellation is centred on the meridian, a great circle that passes through the celestial poles and the zenith.

Adjacent and like-coloured cells indicate constellations that are on the same map. Perseus laps around to Auriga so they are on the same map. Constellations in adjacent white cells are not on the same map.

Constellations under each month heading are listed from north to south.

Each constellation will, of course, culminate 2 hours later (i.e. midnight) in the middle of the previous month and two hours earlier (i.e. 8pm) in the middle of the following month. The table below gives the map page numbers for the constellations shown above.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Aur Gem Cnc Cvn Cen Boo

Her Lyr Aqr Peg And Per Ori

CMi Leo Com CrB Oph Cyg Cap Psc Tri Tau Lep

Mon Sex

Vir Ser 1 Ser 2 Vul PsA Scl Ari Eri CMa

Hya

Crv Sct Sge Cet For Col Pup

Vol

Vel Cru Lib Sco Del Gru Tuc Phe Ret Vol

Car Mus Lup Aql Hyi Dor Nor Sgr CrA TrA   Ara Pav

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

36 9 9 15 19 20

23 23 30 31 31 36 6

10 12 16 20 24 27 30 32 31 37 7

10 13

17 25 25 28 30 33 31 38 7

13

13 25 28 35 39 8 8

Vol

14 18 21 21 28 34 34 34 40 11

11 18 22 28 40 40 22 29 29 26   26 26

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How To Read These Maps

Facing north, with the North Celestial Pole down, the maps are inverted so that constellations are “the right way up”. Facing south, the maps have the usual orientation above the South Celestial Pole. As far as is possible, constellations are grouped in order of right ascension, north to south beginning with Orion, which culminates at around 10pm mid-January (11pm daylight savings time). It is a pity there is no universal format for constellation “stick” figures. It is a case of trying to draw “stick” figures by some consensus and being influenced by sources that I have used in the past. Stars are shown as circles, the size of the circle reflecting the brightness or visual magnitude. Each star’s colour corresponds to it’s spectral class- dark blue O, blue B, white A, light yellow F, yellow G, orange K and red M. Colours are not graded (B0 and B9 will both just appear blue). Symbols for other objects: carbon star • , planetary nebula , open cluster or nebula , globular cluster  , galaxy . Map pages for constellations (alphabetic order): Greek Alphabet. Page 41.

Andromeda 31   Lepus 7 Aquarius 30   Libra 21 Aquila 28   Lupus 22 Ara 26   Lyra 23 Aries 31   Monoceros 10 Auriga 36   Musca 18 Bootes 20   Norma 22 Cancer 9   Ophiuchus 24 Canes Venatici 15   Orion 6 Canis Major 7   Pavo 26 Canis Minor 10   Pegasus 31 Capricornus 30   Perseus 36 Carina 11   Phoenix 34 Centaurus 19   Pisces 32 Cetus 35   Piscis Austrinus 30 Columba 8   Puppis 8 Coma Berenices 16   Reticulum 40 Corona Australis 29   Sagitta 28 Corona Borealis 20   Sagittarius 29 Corvus 13   Sculptor 33 Crux 18   Scorpius 21 Cygnus 27   Scutum 25 Delphinus 28   Serpens (Caput + Cauda) 25 Dorado 40   Sextans 13 Eridanus 38   Taurus 37 Fornax 39   Triangulum 31 Gemini 9   Triangulum Australe 26 Grus 34   Tucana 34 Hercules 23   Vela 14 Hydra 13   Virgo 17 Hydrus 40   Volans 11 Leo 12   Vulpecula 28  

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 Notes on Data

1 degree = 60 minutes of arc (60’) 1 arcminute = 60 seconds of arc (60”) For multiple stars the primary (brightest) component is labeled A, the secondary component B. A binary star, where A and B orbit each other about a common centre, would be designated as AB. If a third star C orbits around the other two, we have the designation AB-C. If A has a close or spectroscopic component, the two components might be labeled Aa and Ab. Multiple star separations are mostly given in seconds of arc. e.g. Albireo in Cygnus. The components are separated by 35 arcseconds or 35”. Generally speaking, you can easily split two stars 10”  apart or wider with 50 to 100 magnification, whilst two stars 1.5”  to 4”  apart will require 150 to 200 magnification. Carbon stars are classified by spectral type Cm,n where m is from 0 to 9 (decreasing temperature) and n is from 1 to 6 (indicating the strength of the carbon bands). Colour Index = B – V magnitudes. The higher the number, the redder is the star. E.g. the white Sirius has colour index 0, the orange giant Aldebaran has colour index 1.5, the red supergiant Betelgeuse has colour index 1.8, while the carbon star R Leporis has colour index 3.5. The stars in an open cluster are bound together gravitationally and are moving together in space. Open clusters often have irregular shapes. A rough apparent size is given in arcminutes or degrees. Globular clusters are tight, gravitationally bound, spheres of stars (as much as hundreds of thousands or even millions of stars). Because they are spherical in shape, globular clusters are given an apparent diameter in minutes of arc. e.g. omega Centauri. Diameter is 36 arcminutes or 36’. Globular clusters are classed from 1 to 12. Class 1 globular clusters become increasingly more star dense to centre. Stars near the core are virtually impossible to resolve. Class 12 globular clusters are very loose and more homogeneous. The stars are spread out and easy to resolve all the way into the centre of the cluster. Galaxies are mostly seen as ellipses with long axis 2a, short axis 2b. The apparent dimensions of a galaxy are given as 2a x 2b in arcminutes. If a ≅ b then the galaxy is seen nearly face on. (≅ approximately equal to) Example, M83 in Hydra which has dimensions 13’  x 11.5’. If a >>b then the galaxy is seen nearly edge on. (>> means much greater than) Example, NGC 253 in Sculptor which has dimensions 28’  x 7’. Visual (apparent) magnitude is a measure of the overall brightness of an object as if it were a small point of light like a star. Surface brightness (SB), measured here in magnitudes per square arcminute, is often a better measure of brightness for larger objects. For objects of similar visual magnitude, the larger the apparent surface area of the object, the lower the surface brightness (SB). Surface brightness for galaxies depends a lot on their visual aspect to the observer. Two galaxies with the same apparent magnitude can have very different surface brightness. E.g. if galaxies A and B at right have similar visual magnitude, then the edge on galaxy A will appear much brighter than the face on galaxy B. Many planetary nebulae are smallish. For example, NGC 3242 (the Ghost of Jupiter) in Hydra has magnitude 7.3 and diameter 25”  (seconds of arc). But some are very large. For example NGC 7293 (the Helix Nebula) in Aquarius has magnitude 7.3 and size 20’  (minutes of arc). From the magnitudes, you would expect the two to be of similar brightness. However, the Helix Nebula is much larger and therefore has a much lower surface brightness.

aa b

b

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ORION beta (β) Rigel. Binary, mags 0.3/ 6.7, separation 9.3”. Rigel B shows no orbital motion. delta (δ) Mintaka. System AaAb-C, mags 2.4/ 3.8// 6.8. Separations 0.3”, 52”. O9.5//B2. theta1 (θ1) Cluster (the Trapezium) in M42, ABCD. Magnitudes 6.5, 7.5, 5.1, 6.4. Separations 8.9”, 12.7”, 21”. O7/B1/O6/B0.5. Also two stars of 11th mag. theta2 (θ2) Magnitudes 5/ 6.2. Separation 52”. O9.5/B1. iota (ι) System. AaAb-B, magnitudes 2.9/ 7, separation 11.6”. O9/B7. lambda (λ) Binary AB, magnitudes 3.5/ 5.5, separation 4.2”. O8/B0.5. Primary A is one of the most luminous blue stars known. rho (ρ) Binary AB, magnitudes 4.6/ 8.5, separation 6.8”. K0.5/F7. sigma (σ) Five star system near zeta in the belt. Mags 6.3, 6.6, AB, 8.8. Seps 41”, 13”, 11”. AB magnitudes 4/ 5.3 only 0.3”  apart. O9/B0.5//A2/B2/B2. 23 Binary AB, magnitudes 5/ 6.8, separation 32”. B1/B3. STF 761 (HD 294272), in the same field as sigma Orionis about 3.3’  away. Narrow triangle of stars, mags 7.9/ 8.4/ 8.6, separations 68”, 72”. B5/B9.5/B8. STF 747 (HR 1887/6), magnitudes 4.7/ 5.5, separation 36”. B0.5/B1. The system is just 8’  from the magnitude 2.8 star iota Orionis. SHJ 49 (HR 1600) Magnitudes 6/ 7.4/ 9.6, separation 40”, 54”. B7/B6/A0. W Carbon star, magnitude 5.3-8. C5,4. Period 212 days. Colour Index = 3.6. M42 (NGC 1976) Orion Nebula with the Trapezium in M42 (see theta1 above). Diffuse nebula (both emission and reflection), magnitude 4, size 85’  x 60’. M78 (NGC 2068) Small reflection nebula, magnitude 8.3, size 8’  x 6’.

Imbedded wide double star, magnitudes 10.4/ 10.5, separation 118”. A0/B4. NGC 1977 Reflection nebula north of the Orion Nebula. Centred around the blue-white (B1)

42 Ori, magnitude 4.6, and 4’  from it, the yellow-white (F0) 45 Ori, mag 5.2. NGC 2169 “37”  open cluster, magnitude 5.9, size 10’. About 24 stars mags 7-12. Brightest star (top right of the “3”), STF 848 (NGC 2169 1) is a system AB-D, magnitudes 6.9/ 7.5/ 8.3, separations 2.3”, 28”. B1/B2/B1. The two closest stars at top right of the “7”, STF 844 (NGC 2169 3/7) form a double, magnitudes 8.4/ 9.4, separation 24”. B5/G5.

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LEPUS gamma (γ) Binary AB, magnitudes 3.6/ 6.3, sep 95”. F6/K2. Period > 18,000 years. S 476 (YZ, TX) At similar distance, magnitudes 6.3/ 6.5, separation 39”. B5/B8. HJ 3752 (HR 1771) At similar distance, magnitudes 5.4/ 6.6, separation 3.5”. G9/A7. NGC 2017 Sparse open cluster or multiple star ABCDEF … Magnitudes 6.7/ 7.8/ 8.9/ 9.6/ 7.9/ 8.3 … Seps AB = 0.5”, AC = 89”, CD = 1.4”, AE = 76”, AF = 134”. R Hind's Crimson Star. Carbon star, mag 5.5-11. C7,6. Period 427 days. Colour Index = 3.5. SZ Carbon star, magnitude 7.4-7.9. C7,3. Irregular cycle. Colour Index = 2.3 M79 (NGC 1904) Globular cluster, magnitude 7.7, diameter 9’. Class 5. Just 36’  from HR 1771. CANIS MAJOR alpha (α) Sirius. Binary AB, mags -1.4/ 8.4, separation 9.3”. A1/DA. Period 50 years. Challenging due to the magnitude difference. epsilon (ε) Adhara. Binary AB, mags 1.5/ 7.5, separation 7.9”. B2/A-. Period > 7500 years. eta (η) Optical double, magnitudes 2.5/ 6.8, separation 179”. B5/A0. nu1 (ν1) Optical double, magnitudes 5.8/ 7.4, separation 18”. G9/F3. 17 Magnitudes 5.8/ 8.7/ 9.2, separations 43”, 49”. A2/K5/? 145 (HR 2764) HJ 3945. Optical double, magnitudes 5/ 5.8, separation 26”. K4/A5. W Carbon star magnitude 6.4-7.9. C6,3. Irregular cycle. Colour Index = 2.7. M41(NGC 2287) Open cluster of magnitude 4.5, size 35’.

About 120 stars, magnitudes 6.9-12.5. Brightest stars are orange (K0-3) giants. Brightest is the K3 magnitude 6.9 star HD 49091 near centre. Also the double star HD 49024/49, magnitudes 7.9/ 8.5, separation 54”. A0/B8.

NGC 2362 Tau Canis Majoris Cluster. Open cluster, magnitude 3.8, size 12’. Rich, compact. Around 45 stars magnitudes 8-12.5.

Brightest star is the blue (O9) supergiant tau CMa, magnitude 4.4.

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Sirius

δ Wezen

Adhara ε η Aludra

145NGC 2362

M41

CANISMAJOR

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COLUMBA NGC 1851 Globular cluster, magnitude 7.1, diameter 11’. Class 2. PUPPIS sigma (σ) At similar distance, magnitudes 3.3/ 8.8, separation 22”. K5/G5. 2 Binary AB, magnitudes 6/ 6.7, separation 17”. A2/F0. k (HR 2948/9) H 3. Optical double, magnitudes 4.4/ 4.6, separation 10.2”. B6/B5. n (HR 2909/10) H N 19. At similar distance, magnitudes 5.8/ 5.9, separation 9.7”. dF4/dF6. DUN 31 (HR 2462) Binary AB, magnitudes 5.1/ 7.4, separation 14”. G8/A0. DUN 49 (HR 2870) Optical double, magnitudes 6.3/ 7, separation 9”. B3/B4. M46 (NGC 2437) Open cluster, magnitude 6.1, size 20’. About 150 stars, magnitudes 9-13. Planetary nebula (chance alignment foreground object) - NGC 2438, mag 10.8, diameter 70”. M47 (NGC 2422) Scattered open cluster, mag 4.4, size 35’. SIMBAD: 130 stars, mags 6-12.5.

At centre, is the “double”  star ADS 6216 (AB-G), mags 6.9/ 7.8, separation 82”. Brightest star is V378 Pup, B2, magnitude 5.7.

M93 (NGC 2447) Small open cluster, mag 6.2, size 10’. About 30 stars mags 8-12. NGC 2451 Large, bright cluster, mag 2.8, size 75’. About 160 stars mag 6-12.5.

Centred on orange (K2.5) star c Puppis, magnitude 3.6. NGC 2477 Rich open cluster, mag 5.8, size 20’. 300 stars, mags 9.5-13. 21’  from b Pup. NGC 2546 Scattered open cluster, mag 6.3, size 45’. One mag 6 star, 100 stars mag 8-12.5.

γ Velorum

Canopus

Sirius

CANISMAJOR

Naos

3

2

11

ab

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M46M47

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2477NGC 2546

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GEMINI alpha (α) Castor. Binary AB, mags 1.9/ 3, separation 4.6”. A1/A2. Period 440 years.

C = YY Gem, red dwarf (DM1) mag 9.8, sep 71”, which is an eclipsing binary. Components A, B and C all spectroscopic binaries = total 6 stars.

delta (δ) Wasat. Binary AB, mags 3.5/ 8.2, separation 5.6”. F0/K3. Period 1200 years. 20 Binary AB, magnitudes 6.3/ 6.9, separation 20”. F6/G8. 38 Binary AB, magnitudes 4.8/ 7.8, separation 6.9”. A8/G6. Period 2000 years. TU Carbon star, magnitude 7.2-8.2. C6,4. Period 230 days. Colour Index = 3.2. M35 (NGC 2168) Open cluster, magnitude 5.1, size 25’. Maybe 200 stars, mag 8 and fainter. NGC 2392 Eskimo or Clown Face Planetary nebula. Magnitude 9.2, diameter 50”. Magnitude 10.5 central star. CANCER zeta1,2 (ζ1,2) System, AB-C. Magnitudes 5.3/ 6.3// 5.9. Separations 1.1”, 5.4”. F7/F9//G5. Period AB about 59.3 years, AB-C 1100 years. iota (ι) Binary AB, magnitudes 4.1/ 6, separation 31”. G8/A3. Period > 65,000 years. phi2 (φ2) Binary AB, matched pair of magnitudes 6.2/ 6.2, separation 5.4”. A3/A6. T Carbon star, magnitude 7.6-10. C3,8-C5,5. Period 482 days. Colour Index = 4. X Carbon star, magnitude 5.6-7.4. C5,4. Period 195 days. Colour Index = 3.2. M44 (NGC 2632) Beehive Cluster. Very large open cluster, magnitude 3.1, size 2 degrees.

Perhaps 1000 stars. About 300 stars mags 6-12.5 and 15 stars mag 6 to 7.5. Brightest (near centre) is the double star epsilon Cnc, magnitudes 6.3/ 7.5, separation 134”. A5/F0. About 0.5 degrees away, is the double star 39/40 Cnc, mags 6.5/ 6.6, separation 150”. G8/A0.

This is one of the nearest open clusters to the Earth. M67 (NGC 2682) Open cluster, magnitude 6.9, size 30’. Over 200 stars, magnitude 8 and fainter.

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MONOCEROS beta (β) System A-BC, magnitudes 4.6/ 5 /5.3. Separations AB 6.9”, BC 2.8”. All blue-white B3/B3/B3. Period BC > 4200 years. Period A-BC > 14,000 years. 10 Multiple star ABC, magnitudes 5/ 9.2/ 9.2, separations 77”  and 78”. B2/A2/A2.

See NGC 2232 below. M50 (NGC 2323) Open cluster, magnitude 5.9, size 10’-15’. About 90 stars magnitudes 8-12.5.

Brightest member is the orange (K3.5) star HD 52938, magnitude 7.85, near southern extremity.

NGC 2232 Open cluster, magnitude 4.2, size 50’. Large, scattered. About 50 stars mag 8-11. Central and brightest star is 10 Mon (see above).

NGC 2301 Open cluster, mag 6, size 15’. About 60 stars mags 8-12.5. Brightest is the double star NGC 2301 1/2, mags 8/ 9.1, sep 21”. G8/B8. NGC 2244 Open cluster in the centre of the Rosette Nebula. Magnitude 4.8, size 30’.

About 120 stars, mags 6-12.5. The 6 brightest stars form three roughly parallel pairs, each star in the pair 3-4’  apart. The brightest star, the orange (K0) 12 Mon, magnitude 5.8, is not a cluster member.

NGC 2264 Christmas Tree Cluster and nebula. Magnitude 4.1, size 55’. Large, around 140 stars, magnitudes 7.5-12.5 Brightest member is the blue (O7) S Monocerotis, mag 4.7. Brighter stars form the tree outline, with S Mon at the base of the tree. CANIS MINOR R Carbon star, magnitude 7-11.5. C7,1. Period 338 days. Colour Index = 2.4

ORION

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1821

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CARINA upsilon (υ) Binary AB, magnitudes 3/ 6, separation 4.9”. A8/B7. b1 (V376) DUN 74. Binary AB, magnitudes 4.9/ 6.6, separation 40”. B2/B9.5. C (HR 3260) RMK 8. Binary AB, magnitudes 5.3/ 7.6, separation 3.6”. A2/F2. NGC 2516 Running Man Cluster. Mag 3.8, size 60’. Large, bright. about 230 stars, mostly

blue-white to white, magnitudes 5-12.5. Brightest star is the red (M1.5) giant star V460 Car, magnitude 5.2.

NGC 2808 Globular cluster, magnitude 6.3, diameter 14’. Class 1. More than one million stars. Roughly midway between beta and iota Carinae. NGC 3114 Open cluster, mag 4.2, size 50’. Large, about 200 stars mags 6-12.5. Brightest star is the white (A9) star HD 87283, magnitude 5.9 near edge. NGC 3293 Gem Cluster. Open cluster, magnitude 4.7, size 7’. Compact, rich. About 80

mostly blue-white stars mags 6.5-12.5. 20 stars mags 6.5-9.5. NGC 3372 Spectacular eta Carinae Nebula. Magnitude 1, size 2 x 2 degrees. Large, bright, naked eye emission nebula. The star eta Carinae is a luminous blue variable hypergiant. Likely binary.

Five million times as luminous as the Sun and is one of the most massive stars known (up to 150 solar masses). Variable: 4th mag in the year 1677, mag -0.8 in 1843, mag 8 during 1900-1940. It is currently about 5th magnitude.

Eta Carinae is expected to explode in a supernova in the “near”  future. NGC 3532 Wishing Well Cluster. Magnitude 3, size 50’. Bright, spectacular. About 300 stars mags 6-12. Many white, spectral class A- stars. Brightest star is the orange (K2) star HR 4323, magnitude 6. The yellow (G9) star x Carinae (V382 Car), mag 3.9, is not a cluster member. IC 2602 Southern Pleiades. Open cluster, magnitude 1.9, size 100’. Large, bright.

About 50 stars, magnitudes 4.5-9.5, and ten blue-white stars magnitudes 4.5-6.5. Brightest member is the blue-white (B0) theta Carinae, magnitude 2.7.

VOLANS gamma2,1 (γ2,1) Binary AB, magnitudes 3.9/ 5.4, separation 14”. K0/F2. Period > 7500 years. epsilon (ε) Magnitudes 4.4/ 7.3, separation 6”. B6/? zeta (ζ) Optical double, magnitudes 4/ 9.7, separation 16”. K0/? kappa (κ) Triple star system ABC, magnitudes 5.3/ 5.6/ 7.7. Separations are AB 64”  and BC 37”. B9/A0/?

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LEO alpha (α) Regulus. Binary AB, mags 1.4/ 8.2, sep 175”. B7//K1. Period > 130,000 years. gamma (γ) Algieba. Binary AB, mags 2.4/ 3.6, sep 4.5”. K1/G7.

Orbital period about 500 years. tau (τ) Magnitudes 5/ 7.5, separation 89”. G8/G5. 54 Binary AB, magnitudes 4.5/ 6.3, separation 6.7”. A1/A2. 83 Binary AB, mags 6.5/ 7.5, sep 28”. K0/K2. Same low power field as tau. Leo Triplet The yellowish 7th magnitude star HD 98388 (not shown above) lies 48’  from 73 Leo towards Denebola. The three galaxies of the Leo Triplet lie around HD 98388, with M65 18’  from it, M66 29’  from it and NGC 3628 21’  from it. M65 and M66 are 20’  apart and easily fit in the same low power field. A low power eyepiece with a 1 degree true FOV should give a view of all three. M65 (NGC 3623) Intermediate spiral galaxy (AGN), magnitude 9.3, dimensions 10’  x 3’. SB 12.7. M66 (NGC 3627) Intermediate spiral galaxy (AGN), magnitude 8.9, dimensions 9’  x 4’. SB 12.5. NGC 3628 Spiral galaxy (AGN), magnitude 9.5, dimensions 13’  x 3.1’. SB 13.3. M95 (NGC 3351) Barred spiral galaxy, magnitudes 9.7, dimensions 7.4’  x 5’. SB 13.4.

Member of the Leo I or M96 Group of galaxies. M96 (NGC 3368) Intermediate spiral galaxy, magnitude 9.3, dimensions 7.8’  x 5.2’. SB 13.1. M105 (NGC 3379) Elliptical galaxy (AGN), mag 9.3, dimensions 5.3’  x 4.8’. SB 12.6. M96 Group. NGC 3384 Elliptical galaxy, mag 9.9, 5.4’  x 2.7’. SB 12.5. M96 Group. Just 7’  from M105. NGC 2903 Barred spiral galaxy, magnitude 9, dimensions 12.6’  x 6’. SB 13.4. The galaxy lies 1.5 degrees south (up) of lambda. NGC 3521 Intermediate spiral galaxy, magnitude 9.3, dimensions 11’  x 5.4’. SB 13.5. Lies 33’  from the orange star 62 Leo, mag 6.

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HYDRA tau1 (τ1) Binary AB, magnitudes 4.6/ 7.3, separation 68”. F6/K0. 27 Wide binary, magnitudes 4.9/ 7, separation 229”. G8/F5. 54 Binary AB, magnitudes 5.1/ 7.3, separation 8.3”. F2/G1. F S 579. Optical double. Magnitudes 4.7/ 8.2, separation 79”. G1/B9.5. N (17 Crt) H 3. Binary AB, twin pair, magnitudes 5.6/ 5.7, separation 9.4”. F8/F8. U Carbon star, magnitude 4.5-6.2. C6.5,3. Period 450 days. Colour Index = 2.7. V One of the reddest carbon stars. Magnitude 6.5-9.5. C6,3-C7,5.

Period 531 days. Colour Index = 4.5. Y Carbon star, magnitude 6.8-7.6. C5,4. Period 303 days. Colour Index = 3.8. M48 (NGC 2548) Open cluster, magnitude 5.8, size 30’. About 100 stars.

About 60 stars magnitudes 8-12.5. M68 (NGC 4590) Globular cluster, magnitude 7.8, diameter 11’. Class 10. M83 (NGC 5236) Southern Pinwheel. Barred spiral galaxy. Seen nearly face-on.

Magnitude 7.5, dimensions 13’  x 11.5’. SB 12.7. NGC 3242 Ghost of Jupiter. Blue-green planetary nebula, magnitude 7.3, diameter 25”. Mag 12.1 central star with a bright inner shell and fainter outer halo. NGC 3621 Spiral galaxy, magnitude 9.7, dimensions 12’  x 7’. SB 13.7. CORVUS delta (δ) Algorab. Binary AB, mags 3/ 8.5, separation 25”. A0/K0. Period > 9400 years. VV STF 1669. Binary AB, twin pair, magnitudes 5.9/ 5.9, separation 5.2”. F5/F5. NGC 4038/9 Antennae Galaxies. Interacting galaxies.

Galaxies in collision- both barred spiral galaxies around magnitude 11. Overall magnitude 10.4. Similar dimensions 3.4’  x 1.7’  and 3.3’  x 1.7’.

SEXTANS NGC 3115 Bright lenticular galaxy known as the Spindle Galaxy.

Magnitude 8.9, dimensions 7.2’  x 2.4’. SB 11.7.

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VELA gamma (γ) Multiple star system ABCD. Magnitudes 1.8/ 4.1/ 7.3/ 9.4, separations 40”, 62”, 94”. WC8/B1/F0/F0. Brightest known Wolf-Rayet star. t (HR 4143) HJ 4330. AaAb-B, magnitudes 5.3/ 7.7// 8.6, separations 0.4”, 40”. K4//A0. AB optical. J RMK 13. Magnitudes 4.5/ 7.2/ 9.2, separations 7.1”, 36”. B3/B9/? C is optical. DUN 70 (HR 3359) Magnitudes 5.2/ 7, separation 4.3”. B2/B2.5. x (HR 4180) DUN 95. Magnitudes 4.4/ 6, separation 52”. G2.5/B8. NGC 2547 Open cluster magnitude 4.7, size 40’. SIMBAD shows around 90 stars

magnitudes 6-12.5. Central is a relatively bright arc of stars. Brightest cluster star and also in this arc, is HD 68478, B3, magnitude 6.4.

NGC 3132 Eight Burst Nebula. Planetary nebula, magnitude 9.7. Size about 50”. The 10th mag star at centre is not the progenitor of the nebula. A 16th mag star 1.6”  from it created the planetary nebula. NGC 3201 Globular cluster, magnitude 6.8, diameter 18’. Class 10. IC 2391 Omicron Velorum Cluster. Large, bright.

Scattered open cluster magnitude 2.6, size 1 degree. Around 60 stars, magnitudes 3.5-12.5. Central and brightest star is the blue-white (B3) omicron Velorum, mag 3.6.

The 7 brightest stars, magnitudes 3.5-6.5, are all blue-white. IC 2395 Open cluster, magnitude 4.6, size 20’. Scattered, roughly 50 stars magnitudes 7-12.5. Brightest member is the blue-white (B1.5) star HX Vel, magnitude 5.5.

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CANES VENATICI alpha (α) Cor Caroli. Binary AB, mags 2.9/ 5.5, sep 19”. A0/F0. Period > 7900 years. 25 Binary AB, magnitudes 5/ 7. Close separation 1.7”. A6/F0. Period 228 years. Y La Superba. Carbon star, magnitude 5-6.4. C5,4. Period 157 days. Colour Index = 3.2. M3 (NGC 5272) Globular cluster, magnitude 6.2, diameter 18’. Class 6. Made up of about 500,000 stars. M51A (NGC 5194) Whirlpool Galaxy. Magnitude 8.4, dimensions 11’  x 6.9’. SB 12.8.

First galaxy to be recognised as having a spiral structure. Seyfert galaxy. Interacting with close companion galaxy M51B. M63 (NGC 5055) Sunflower Galaxy. Part of the M51 Group of galaxies. Spiral galaxy (AGN), magnitude 8.6, dimensions 12.6’  x 7.2’. SB 13.2. M94 (NGC 4736) Spiral galaxy, magnitude 8.2, dimensions 14’  x 12’. SB 13.5.

Bright core and inner disk, diffuse outer disk. Seyfert galaxy. M106 (NGC 4258) Intermediate spiral galaxy, magnitude 8.4, dimensions 19’  x 7.2’. SB 13.5. Seyfert galaxy with AGN (Active Galactic Nucleus).

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COMA BERENICES 12 In Mel 111, magnitudes 4.8/ 8.9, separation 59”. G0/F7. 17 In Mel 111, magnitudes 5.2/ 6.6, separation 145”. A1/A2. 24 Binary AB, magnitudes 5.1/ 6.3, separation 20”. K2/A9. Colour contrast. NGP North Galactic Pole. The star 31 Com is the nearest object brighter than magnitude 5 to the North Galactic Pole. Melotte 111 Coma Star Cluster. Magnitude 1.8, size nearly 5 degrees. About 100 stars mags 5 to 10.5. Gamma Com is not a cluster member.

Brightest star 14 Com, F1, magnitude 4.9 is in northern half (bottom) of cluster. M53 (NGC 5024) Globular cluster, magnitude 7.6, diameter 13’. Class 5. Just 57’  from alp Com. M64 (NGC 4826) Black Eye Galaxy. Seyfert spiral galaxy, mag 8.5, dimensions 10’  x 5.4’. SB 12.6. M85 (NGC 4382) Lenticular galaxy, magnitude 9.1, dimensions 7.1’  x 5.5’. SB 12.8. M88 (NGC 4501) Spiral galaxy, magnitude 9.6, dimensions 6.8’  x 3.7’. SB 12.8. Seyfert galaxy. M91 (NGC 4548) Barred spiral galaxy (AGN), magnitude 10.2, dimensions 5.2’  x 4.2’. SB 13.3. M98 (NGC 4192) Intermediate spiral galaxy (AGN), mag 10.1, dimensions 10’  x 2.8’. SB 13.5. M99 (NGC 4254) Coma Pinwheel. Spiral galaxy, magnitude 9.9, dimensions 5.3’  x 4.6’. SB 13.1. M100 (NGC 4321) Intermediate spiral galaxy, magnitude 9.4, dimensions 7.5’  x 6.1’. SB 13.3. NGC 4565 Needle Galaxy. Spiral galaxy (AGN), mag 9.6, dimensions 16’  x 2.1’. SB 13.2 Seen virtually edge-on. A must for the photographers. NGC 4725 Barred spiral galaxy, mag 9.4, dimensions 10.7’  x 7.6’. SB 13.9. Seyfert galaxy.

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VIRGO SS Carbon star, magnitude 6-10.5. C6,3. Period 364 days. Colour Index = 3.9. M49 (NGC 4472) Giant elliptical galaxy, magnitude 8.4, 10’  x 8.3’. SB 12.9.

One of the brightest galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. Seyfert 2 galaxy.

M58 (NGC 4579) Barred spiral galaxy (AGN), magnitude 9.7, dimensions 6’  x 4.8’. SB 13.1. M59 (NGC 4621) Elliptical galaxy, magnitude 9.6, dimensions 5.4’  x 3.7’. SB 12.6. M60 (NGC 4649) Giant elliptical galaxy, magnitude 8.8, 7.6’  x 6.2’. SB 12.7.

Spiral galaxy NGC 4647 is only 2.5’  from M60 but photos show no evidence of gravitational interaction between the two.

M61 (NGC 4303) Spiral (Seyfert) galaxy, magnitude 9.7, dimensions 6.5’  x 5.9’. SB 13.4. M84 (NGC 4374) Lenticular (Seyfert) galaxy, magnitude 9.1, dimensions 6.5’  x 5.6’. SB 12.7. M86 (NGC 4406) Lenticular galaxy, magnitude 8.9, dimensions 8.9’  x 5.8’. SB 12.9.

M87 (NGC 4486) Virgo A. Giant elliptical galaxy, magnitude 8.6, dimensions 8.3’  x 6.6’. SB 12.7.

Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN). 5000 light year long jet due to matter swirling into central supermassive black hole. Strong X-ray and gamma ray source.

M89 (NGC 4552) Elliptical galaxy (AGN), magnitude 9.8, dimensions 3.5’  x 3.5’. SB 12.3. M90 (NGC 4569) Spiral (Seyfert) galaxy, magnitude 9.5, dimensions 9.5’  x 4.4’. SB 13.3. M104 (NGC 4594) Famous Sombrero Galaxy. Spiral galaxy (AGN). Mag 8, dimensions 8.6’ x 4.2’. SB 11.6. Central supermassive black hole. NGC 4526 Spiral galaxy, magnitude 9.3, dimensions 7’  x 2.5’. SB 12.1.

Located between two 7th magnitude stars.

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CRUX alpha (α) Acrux. Binary AB, mags 1.3/ 1.6, separation 3.6”. B0.5/B4. Period > 1500 years. Component C, mag 4.8 and 91”  away, could be just an optical alignment. gamma (γ) Gacrux. Optical double, magnitudes 1.8/ 6.5, separation 125”. M3.5/A3. mu Binary AB, magnitudes 3.9/ 5, separation 37”. B2/B5. Period > 68,000 years. DY Ruby Crucis. Carbon star, magnitude 8.5-10. C5,5. Irregular cycle. Close to beta (Mimosa), 142”  away. Colour Index = 5.8. NGC 4755 Jewel Box. Compact, beautiful open cluster, magnitude 4.2, size 10’. SIMBAD shows around 100 stars mags 5.5-12.5, mostly blue-white (B-). The 6 brightest stars (mags 5.5-8) form an “A”  shape. Brightest star (magnitude 5.8) is HR 4887 at the tip of the “A”. Next (magnitude 6) is kappa Cru at the base of the right leg of the “A”. The magnitude 7.7 red star DU Crucis at the centre of the “A”  stands out in

a sea of otherwise blue-white stars. Coal Sack Dark, pear-shaped, dust cloud adjacent to Mimosa and Acrux. MUSCA beta (β) Binary AB, magnitudes 3.5/ 4, separation 1”. B2/B3. Period 194.3 years. eta (η) Magnitudes 5.1/ 7.2. Separation 58”. B8/A1. theta (θ) Optical pair. Magnitudes 5.7/ 7.5, separation 5.4”. WC5+O6/O9. Second brightest known Wolf-Rayet star. NGC 4833 Globular cluster, magnitude 6.9, diameter 14’. Class 8. About 42.5’  from delta Muscae.

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CENTAURUS alpha (α) Rigil Kent. System AB-C. Mags 0.1/ 1.2, sep 5”. G2/K2. Period 79.9 years. + red dwarf Proxima Centauri, magnitude 11, separated by 2 degrees. M5.5. J DUN 133. Optical pair, mags 4.5/ 6.2, separation 61”. B3//B2.5. B = V790 Cen. N (HR 5207) RMK 18. Magnitudes 5.2/ 7.5, separation 18”. B9/B8. Q Binary AB, magnitudes 5.2/ 6.5, separation 5.4”. B8/A2.5. 3 Binary AB, magnitudes 4.5/ 6, separation 8.4”. B5/B8. 4 Binary AB, magnitudes 4.7/ 8.5, separation 15”. B4/A3. omega Centauri NGC 5139. Largest, brightest globular cluster in the Milky Way. Naked eye. Magnitude 3.7, diameter 36’. Class 8. Home to several million stars. NGC 3766 Pearl Cluster. Open cluster, magnitude 5.3, size 15’. About 100 stars, mags 5-12.5. Concentrated central region. NGC 3918 Blue Planetary. Magnitude 8.2, diameter 12”. NGC 4945 Barred spiral galaxy, mag 8.4, dimensions 20’  x 4’. SB 12.9. Large, edge on. NGC 5102 Lenticular galaxy, mag 9.6, dimensions 8.6’  x 2.7’. SB 12.8. Just 17’  from iota. NGC 5128 Centaurus A. Mag 6.8, dimensions 26’  x 20’. SB 13.3. Seyfert galaxy. NGC 5286 Globular cluster, magnitude 7.3, diameter 9’. Class 5. Only 4’  from M Cen. NGC 5460 Open cluster, magnitude 5.6, size 40’. Scattered, SIMBAD shows about 50 stars

mags 8-12.5. Unusual snake-like chain of stars through the centre. NGC 5662 Open cluster, mag 5.5, size 30’. About 60 stars mags 7-12.5. Brightest star is the orange (K5) HD 127753, magnitude 7.1. IC 2944 Lambda Centauri Cluster (with Running Chicken Nebula IC 2948). Magnitude 4.5, size 50’. About140 stars, mags 6.5-12.5.

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BOOTES delta (δ) Binary AB, magnitudes 3.6/ 7.9, separation 105”. G8/G0. Period > 120,000 years. mu (μ) System A-BC. Magnitudes 4.3// 7/ 7.6. 108”, 2.2”. F2// G1/ G1. Period for BC pair is 260 years. Period A-BC > 125,000 years. xi (ξ) Binary AB, magnitudes 4.8/ 7, separation 6.7”. G8/K5. Period 151.6 years. pi (π) Binary AB, magnitudes 4.9/ 5.8, separation 5.4”. B9/A6. CORONA BOREALIS zeta (ζ) System Aa-B, magnitudes 5/ 5.9, separation 6.3”. B7/B9. nu1,2 (ν1,2) Wide double at similar distance, mags 5.4/ 5.6. Separated by 355”. M2/K5.

sigma (σ) Binary AB, magnitudes 5.6/ 6.5, separation 7.2”. G0/G1. Period 890 years.

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LIBRA alpha2,1 (α2,1) Wide binary AB, mags 2.7/ 5.2, sep 231”. A3/F4. Period > 200,000 years. GJ 570 (KX Lib) Binary AB, magnitudes 5.9/ 8.2, separations 26”. K5/M2. Period about 2130 years. NGC 5897 Globular cluster, magnitude 8.5, diameter 13’. Class 11. Loose, diffuse. SCORPIUS beta1,2 (β1,2) Binary AB, mags 2.6/ 4.9, separation 14”. B0.5/B2. Period > 16,000 years. zeta2,1 (ζ2,1) + HR 6266. Wide optical triple. Mags 3.6/ 4.8/ 5.8, sep 6.5’, 7.2’. K4/B1/F5. nu (ν) System AB-CD, magnitudes 4.4/ 5.3// 6.6/ 7.2. Separations 1.2”, 41”, 2.2”. B2/B2//B8/B9. Seen as a double double. Period AB > 600 years, period CD > 2500 years, period AB-CD > 91,000 years. xi (ξ) Multiple star system, STF 1998 + STF 1999, AB-C + DE. Period AB 45.6 years. Mags 4.9/ 5.2// 7.3 + 7.5/ 8. Separations 0.9”,6.9”,279”,12”. F5/F5// G8 + G8/K1. H N 39 (HR 6106) Binary AB, magnitudes 5.9/ 6.6, separation 4.1”. G0/G0. M4 (NGC 6121) Globular cluster, magnitude 5.6, diameter 26’. Class 9. M6 (NGC 6405) Butterfly Cluster. Open cluster, mag 4.2, size 30’. About 120 stars mags 6-12.5.

Brightest is the orange (K2.5) giant BM Scorpii, mag 5.5-7, near edge. M7 (NGC 6475) Ptolemy's Cluster. Impressive open cluster of magnitude 3.3, size 80’. Around 70 stars mags 5.5-11 and 8 stars mags 5.5-6.5. Brightest member is the orange (K3) star HD 162587, magnitude 5.6. M80 (NGC 6093) Globular cluster, magnitude 7.3, diameter 10’. Class 2. Dense globular. NGC 6231 Open cluster mag 2.6, size 15’, near zeta. About 160 stars mags 5-12.5. NGC 6388 Globular cluster magnitude 6.7, diameter 6’. Class 3. NGC 6441 Globular cluster, magnitude 7.2, diameter 8’. Class 3. Only 4’  from G Sco.

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LUPUS zeta (ζ) Magnitudes 3.5/ 6.7, separation 71”. G8/F8. eta (η) Magnitudes 3.4/ 7.5// 9.4. Separations 15”, 116”. B2.5/A5//F5. kappa (κ) Binary AB, magnitudes 3.8/ 5.5, separation 27”. B9.5/A3. mu (μ) DUN 180. System AB-C, mags 4.9/ 5// 6.3. Separations 0.9”, 23”. B8//A2. xi1,2 (ξ1,2) Binary AB, magnitudes 5/ 5.6, separation 10.6”. A3/B9. HJ 4690 (HR 5450) Magnitudes 5.6/ 7.7, separation 19”. G8/A1. NGC 5822 Open cluster, mag 6.5, size 35’. Loose. Stars arranged in loops and chains.

About 120 stars magnitudes 9-11.5. Brightest star is the orange (K0) star HD 132944 (NGC 5822 1), mag 9.1. NGC 5927 Globular cluster, magnitude 8.1, diameter 6’. Class 8. NGC 5986 Globular cluster, magnitude 7.5, diameter 10’. Class 7. NORMA epsilon (ε) Binary AB, magnitudes 4.5/ 6.1, separation 23”. B4/A5. iota1 (ι1) Magnitudes 5.2/ 5.8// 8, separations 0.4”, 11”. A7//G8. Orbital period for AB about 27 years. C is an optical companion. NGC 6067 Open cluster, magnitude 5.6, size 15’. Around 70 stars, mags 8-12.5.

Cluster centre is about 25’  from the yellow (G8) kap Nor, mag 4.9. NGC 6087 S Normae Cluster. Open cluster, magnitude 5.4, size 15’.

About 120 stars magnitudes 7.5-12.5. Brightest member is the Cepheid variable S Normae, class F9, mag 6.1-6.8. NGC 6167 Open cluster, magnitude 6.7, size 10’. About 20 stars magnitudes 7.5-12.5.

Scattered but in rich star field.

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HERCULES alpha (α) Rasalgethi. Binary AB, mags 3.5/ 5.4, sep 5”. M5/G5. Period 3600 years. kappa (κ) Likely optical pair, magnitudes 5.1/ 6.2, separation 27”. G8/K1. rho (ρ) Binary AB, mags 4.5/ 5.4, separation 3.9”. B9.5/A0. Period > 4600 years. 95 Binary AB, mags 4.9/ 5.2, separation 6.2”. A5/G8. Period > 11,000 years. 100 Her Magnitudes 5.8/ 5.8. Separation 14”. A3/A3. Twin Pair. M13 (NGC 6205) The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules. Mag 5.8, diameter 23’. Class 5.

Estimated population of 300,000 stars. One of the brightest in northern skies. M92 (NGC 6341) Globular cluster, magnitude 6.4, diameter 11’. Class 4. NGC 6210 Turtle Nebula. Bluish planetary nebula, mag 8.8, dimensions 20”  x 15”. LYRA beta (β) Optical double, magnitudes 3.6/ 6.7, separation 45”. B9/B8. delta2,1 (δ2,1) Wide optical double. Mags 4.3/ 5.5, separation 619”. M4/B2.5. epsilon1,2 (ε1,2) Multiple star system known as the Double Double (AB-CD). Magnitudes 5.2/ 6.1// 5.3/ 5.4. Separations 2.2”, 208”, 2.4”. A4/F1//A8/F0. Period AB pair 1200 years, CD pair about 600 years. Period AB-CD > 100,000 years. zeta1,2 (ζ1,2) Binary AD, mags 4.3/ 5.6, separation 41”. A4/F0. Period > 47,000 years. eta (η) Optical double, magnitudes 4.4/ 8.6, separation 28”. B2.5/A0. T Carbon star, magnitude 7.5-9.6. C6,5. Irregular cycle. Colour Index = 5.1. M56 (NGC 6779) Globular cluster, magnitude 8.3, diameter 9’. Class 10. M57 (NGC 6720) Ring Nebula. Planetary nebula looking like a grey smoke ring. Magnitude 8.8 with dimensions about 80”  x 60”.

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OPHIUCHUS omicron (ο) Binary AB, magnitudes 5.2/ 6.6, separation 10.3”. K0/F6. rho (ρ) System AB-C-D, magnitudes 5/ 5.7// 7.3// 6.8, separations 3.3”, 149”, 156”. B2/B2//B7//B3. Appearance of a delta wing. Period AB > 2000 years. 36 Binary AB of two main-sequence twin orange dwarfs. Magnitudes 5.1/ 5.1. Separation 4.9”. K0/K1. Period of orbit about 470.9 years. 61 Optical double, magnitudes 6.1/ 6.5, separation 21”. A1/A0. 67 Optical double, magnitudes 4/ 8, separation 54”. B5//B4. 70 Binary AB, magnitudes 4.2/ 6.2, separation 6.2”. K0/K4. Period 88.4 years. TW Carbon star, magnitude 7.5-9.5. C5,5. Period 185 days. Colour Index = 4.3. M9 (NGC 6333) Globular cluster, magnitude 7.7, diameter 12’. Class 8. About 47’  from the mag 6 double star BU 126 (HR 6435), mags 6/ 7, sep 2.3”. M10/12 (6254/18) Globular clusters, mags 6.6 & 6.7, diameters 20’  & 16’. Class 7 & 9. M14 (NGC 6402) Globular cluster, magnitude 7.6, diameter 12’. Class 8. M19/62 (6273/66) Globular clusters, mags 6.8 & 6.4, diameters 17’  & 15’. Class 8 & 4. M107 (NGC 6171) Globular cluster, magnitude 7.9, diameter 13’. Class 10. NGC 6356 Globular cluster, mag 8.3, diameter 8’. Class 2. 53’  from HR 6435, mag 6. NGC 6572 Planetary nebula, magnitude 8, dimensions 16”  x 13”. Blue-green in colour.

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SERPENS delta (δ) Binary AB, magnitudes 4.2/ 5.2, separation 3.9”. F0/F0.

Orbital period 3200 years. theta (θ) Binary AB, magnitudes 4.6/ 4.9, separation 22”. A5/A5.

Orbital period > 14,000 years. 59 Binary AB, magnitudes 5.4/ 7.6, separation 3.7”. G0/F5. M5 (NGC 5904) Globular cluster, magnitude 5.7, diameter 23’. Class 5.

Just 22’  from 5 Serpentis. Contains more than 100,000 stars. M16 Eagle Nebula (IC 4703). Diffuse emission nebula about magnitude 8.

Cluster (NGC 6611) housing the nebula, magnitude 6, size 30’. About 100 stars magnitudes 8-12.5. Brightest is the orange (K4) star HD 168136, magnitude 8, near northern edge.

NGC 6604 Open cluster, magnitude 6.5, size 10’. About 20 stars magnitudes 7.5-12.5.

Brightest star is the blue (O8) MY Ser, magnitude 7.5. IC 4756 Graff's Cluster. Open cluster, magnitude 4.6, size 55’.

SIMBAD shows around 100 stars magnitudes 6.5-11. SCUTUM M11 (NGC 6705) Wild Duck Cluster. Open cluster, magnitude 5.8, size 15’. Several hundred stars mag 11 and fainter. One mag 8 star HD 174512, B8. M26 (NGC 6694) Open cluster, magnitude 8, size 15’. About 20 stars magnitude 9 and fainter.

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TRIANGULUM AUSTRALE iota (ι) Optical double, magnitudes 5.3/ 9.4, separation 17”. F4/F4. NGC 6025 Open cluster, magnitude 5.1, size 15’. Around 60 stars, magnitudes 7-12.5. Brightest star is the blue MQ TrA (NGC 6025 1), magnitude 7.1, near edge. Forms a double (52”  away) with the blue-white NGC 6025 2, magnitude 8. ARA 41 (HR 6416) BSO 13. Binary AB, magnitudes 5.6/ 8.9, separation 10.2”. G8/M0. Period of orbit estimated to be 693 years. NGC 6193 Open cluster, mag 5.2, size 15’. Scattered. About 60 stars, mags 7-12.5.

Brightest star (at the cluster’s centre) is the double star NGC 6193 1/2, magnitudes 5.7/ 6.8, separation 9.5”. O3/O6.5.

NGC 6352 Globular cluster, magnitude 8.2, diameter 7’. Class 11. NGC 6397 Globular cluster, magnitude 5.9, diameter 26’. Class 9. PAVO Y Carbon star, magnitude 6.3-7.4. C7,3. Period 233 days. Colour Index = 2.8. NGC 6744 Intermediate spiral galaxy, magnitude 8.5, dimensions 20’  x 13’. Low SB 14.3. NGC 6752 Globular cluster, magnitude 5.4, diameter 20’. Class 6.

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CYGNUS beta (β) Albireo. Binary AB. Colourful orange/ blue pair. Mags 3.2/ 4.7, sep 35”.

K3/B8. Period > 75,000 years. omicron1 (ο1) +30 Cyg. Optical trio for binoculars. Omicron1 is orange + blue. 30 Cyg is white. Magnitudes 3.8/ 7/ 4.8, separation 111”, 334”. K2/B8/A5. Primary A (V695 or 31 Cyg A) is an Algol type eclipsing binary. 17 Cygnus Magnitudes 5/ 9.3, separation 26”. F7/K5. 61 Cygnus Binary AB. Two orange dwarfs, mags 5.2/ 6. Separated by 32”. K5/K7.

Period 678 years. Amongst the closest stars to the Earth. First star to have its distance measured by trigonometric parallax (Bessel 1838). RS Carbon star, magnitude 6.5-9.7. C8,2. Period 417 days. Colour Index = 3. TT Carbon star, magnitude 7-8.7. C5,4. Period 118 days. Colour Index = 3. V460 (HR 8297) Carbon star, magnitude 5.6-7. C6,4. Period 180 days. Colour Index = 2.7. M39 (NGC 7092) Open cluster, magnitude 4.6, size 35’. Scattered cluster.

About 100 stars, mags 6.5-12.5 and 9 stars, mags 6.5-8.5. Brightest star is HD 205210, B9, magnitude 6.6.

NGC 6826 Blinking Planetary. Magnitude 8.9, diameter 25”. Central star is magnitude 10.4. NGC 6871 Open cluster, magnitude 5.2, size 20’. Cluster in a rich star field.

About 80 stars, mags 7-12.5. Central and brightest star is the Wolf-Rayet star V1676, mag 6.8. It forms a double (SHJ 314) with a mag 7.3 star, separation 36”, class B2. About 1.5 mins away is another double, mags 7.9/ 8.7, sep 20”. B0/B0.5.

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AQUILA 5 Magnitudes 5.9/ 7, separation 13”. A2/F0. 11 Magnitudes 5.3/ 9.3, separation 21”. F8/G5. 57 Binary AB, magnitudes 5.7/ 6.4, separation 36”. B7/B8. V Carbon star, mag 6.5-8. C5,4-C6,4. Period 353 days. Colour Index = 3.9. NGC 6709 Open cluster, mag 6.7, size 20’. Scattered, about 30 stars mags 9-12.5. Brightest member is the orange (K0) star NGC 6709 1, magnitude 9.1. VULPECULA alpha (α) + 8 Wide optical pair, magnitudes 4.6/ 5.9, separation 424”. M0.5/K0. Brocchi’s Cluster Collinder 399. Popularly known as the Coathanger. Asterism, magnitude 3.6, size about 1.5 degrees. The actual coathanger consists of 10 stars magnitudes 5-7: six along the straight, four in the hook. The three brightest stars are in the hook: 4 Vul (type K0) magnitude 5.2, 5 Vul (type A0) magnitude 5.6 and HR 7391 (type M0) magnitude 5.8. M27 (NGC 6853) The Dumbbell Nebula. Planetary nebula, magnitude 7.1, size 8’  x 5.7’. SAGITTA epsilon (ε) Magnitudes 5.8/ 8.4, separation 87”. G8/B9. theta (θ) Binary AB, optical C. Mags 6.6/ 8.9/ 7.5, separations 11.5”, 90”. F5/F4/K2. M71 (NGC 6838) Globular cluster, magnitude 8.2, diameter 7’. Class 10. DELPHINUS gamma2,1 (γ2,1) Binary, magnitudes 4.4/ 5, separation 9.4”. K1/F7. Period 3249 years.

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SAGITTARIUS beta1 (β1) Binary AB, magnitudes 4/ 7.2, separation 29”. B9/F0. Period > 82,000 years. 54 Optical pair, magnitudes 5.4/ 7.7, separation 45”. K2/F7. PZ 6 (HR 6693) Stars at similar distance, magnitudes 5.4/ 7, separation 5.5”. M1/G8. V1942 HD 180953. Carbon star, mag 6.7-7. C6,4. Irregular cycle. Colour Index = 2.6. M8 (NGC 6523) Lagoon Nebula. Mag 6, size 90’  x 40’. NGC 6530 open cluster in M8, mag 4.6.

Brightest stars (15’  apart) 7 Sgr, F2, magnitude 5.3 and 9 Sgr, O4, mag 5.9. M17 (NGC 6618) Omega or Swan Nebula. Cluster + nebula, magnitude 6, size 20’  x 15’. M18 (NGC 6613) Open cluster, mag 6.9, size 15’. About 40 stars, mag 8.5-12.5. M20 (NGC 6514) Triffid Nebula+cluster, mag 6.3, size 25’. M21 (NGC 6531) Open cluster. Mag 5.9, size 15’. About 30 stars mag 8.5-12.5. M22 (NGC 6656) Globular cluster, magnitude 5.1, diameter 24’. Class 7. Third best in the sky. M23 (NGC 6494) Open cluster, mag 5.5, size 30’. Some 60 stars mags 8-12.5. M24 (IC 4715) Sagittarius Star Cloud. Dense, bright. Magnitude 4.6, size 2 x 1 degrees. M25 (IC 4725) Open cluster, magnitude 4.6, size 30’. About 100 stars mags 6.5-12.5. M28 (NGC 6626) Globular cluster, magnitude 6.8, diameter 11’. Class 4. M54 (NGC 6715) Globular cluster, magnitude 7.6, diameter 12’. Class 3. M55 (NGC 6809) Globular cluster, magnitude 6.3, diameter 19’. Class 11. M69 (NGC 6637) Globular cluster, magnitude 7.6, diameter 10’. Class 5. M70 (NGC 6681) Globular cluster, magnitude 7.9, diameter 8’. Class 5. NGC 6723 Globular cluster, magnitude 7, diameter 11’. Class 7. Just 30’  from eps CrA. NGC 6818 Little Gem. Bluish planetary nebula, magnitude 9.4, diameter 18”. CORONA AUSTRALIS kappa2,1 (κ2,1) Optical pair, magnitudes 5.6/ 6.2, separation 22”. B9/A0. BSO 14 (HR 7170) Magnitudes 6.4/ 6.6, separation 13”. B8/B9. NGC 6541 Globular cluster, magnitude 6.3, diameter 13’. Class 3. Just 22’  from HJ 5014 (HR 6750), mags 5.6/ 5.6, separation 1.8”.

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CAPRICORNUS alpha2,1 (α2,1) Algedi. Optical double of unrelated yellow stars, mags 3.8/ 4.2, sep by 381”. Spectral types G8/G3. beta1,2 (β1,2) Wide binary AB, mags 3.2/ 6, sep 205”. G9/B9.5. Period > 700,000 years. omicron (ο) Binary AB, magnitudes 5.9/ 6.7, separation 22”. A3/A7. RT Carbon star, magnitude 7.2-8.7. C6,4. Period 393 days. Colour Index = 4. M30 (NGC 7099) Globular cluster, magnitude 7.2, diameter 12’. Class 5. M75 (NGC 6864) In Sagittarius. Globular cluster, mag 8.5, diameter 7’. Class 1. Compact. AQUARIUS zeta2,1 (ζ2,1) Binary AB, magnitudes 4.3/ 4.5, 2.3”. F3/F6. Period roughly 760 years. tau1 (τ1) Optical double, mags 5.7/ 9.5, separation 21”. B9/? Tau1 is 39’  from tau2. 41 Binary AB, magnitudes 5.6/ 6.7, separation 5.2”. K0/F2. 94 System AB, magnitudes 5.3/ 7, separation 12.6”. G5/K2. M2 (NGC 7089) Dense globular cluster, magnitude 6.5, diameter 16’. Class 2. M72 (NGC 6981) Globular cluster, magnitude 9.3, diameter 7’. Class 9. NGC 7009 Saturn Nebula. Blue-green planetary nebula, mag 7.8. Dimensions 30”  x 25”. NGC 7293 Helix Nebula. Large planetary nebula. Magnitude 7.3. Size 20’. PISCIS AUSTRINUS beta (β) Magnitudes 4.3/ 7.1, separation 31”. A0/?

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  PEGASUS epsilon (ε) Enif. Magnitudes 2.5/ 8.7, separation 147”. K2/ F8. 1 Binary AB, magnitudes 4.2/ 7.6, separation 48”. K1/K1. M15 (NGC 7078) Globular cluster, magnitude 6.2, diameter 18’. Class 4. ANDROMEDA gamma (γ) Almach. System A-BC, magnitudes 2.3// 5/ 6.3, separations 9.8”  and 0.2”. Striking orange// blue pair, K3//B8. Orbital period BC is 63.7 years. pi (π) Magnitudes 4.4/ 7, separation 36”. B5/A6. 59 Binary AB, magnitudes 6/ 6.7, separation 16”. B9/A1. M31 (NGC 224) The Andromeda Galaxy. Largest member of the Local Group of galaxies, with magnitude 3.4, dimensions 190’  x 60’. SB 13.3. Dwarf satellite galaxies M32 (NGC 221)/ M110 (NGC 205). Magnitudes 8.1/ 8.1. Dimensions 9’  x 7’  and 20’  x 12’. NGC 752 Open cluster, mag 5.7, size 45’. Large, about 80 F-K class stars mags 8-12.5.

Brightest HD 11885, G7, mag 7.1 & HD 11720, K0, mag 8.1. NGC 7662 Blue Snowball. Planetary nebula, magnitude 8.4, diameter 30”. About 26’  from the magnitude 5.7 star 13 And. ARIES gamma (γ) Binary AB, almost equal mags 4.5/ 4.6, sep 7.5”. A1/B9. Period > 5000 years. lambda (λ) Binary AB, magnitudes 4.8/ 6.7, separation 37”. F0/G0. TRIANGULUM 6 Binary AB, mags 5.3/ 6.7, separation 3.8”. G5/F6. Period > 2300 years. M33 (NGC 598) Triangulum Galaxy. Spiral galaxy, mag 5.7, dim 70’  x 40’. Low SB 14.1.

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    PISCES zeta (ζ) Optical double, magnitudes 5.2/ 6.2, separation 24”. A7/F7. psi1 (ψ1) Magnitudes 5.3/ 5.5, separation 30”. A1/A0. 35 Binary AB, magnitudes 6/ 7.5, separation 11.4”. A9/F3. 65 Binary AB, matched pair of magnitudes 6.3/ 6.3, separation 4.1”. F5/F4. Z Carbon star, magnitude 6.3-7.9. C7,2. Period 144 days.

Colour Index = 2.8. TX (19 Psc) Carbon star, magnitude 4.8-5.8. C7,2. Irregular cycle. Colour Index = 2.7. M74 (NGC 628) Spiral galaxy, magnitude 9.4, dimensions 10.5’  x 9.5’.

Seen face-on. Low surface brightness SB 14.1.

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SCULPTOR R Carbon star, magnitude 6-8.5. C6,5. Period 370 days.

Colour Index = 3.8. SGP South Galactic Pole. Near NGC 288. NGC 55 Barred irregular galaxy, magnitude 7.9, dimensions 32’  x 6’. SB 13.4. Large, fairly edge on. Most easily found from alpha Phoenicis. NGC 253 Intermediate spiral galaxy, magnitude 7.2, dimensions 28’  x 7’. SB 12.6. Seyfert galaxy. Large, side on. One of the brightest galaxies in the sky.

Most easily found from beta Ceti. NGC 288 Globular cluster, magnitude 8.1, diameter 14’. Class 10. NGC 300 Spiral galaxy, magnitude 8.3, dimensions 20’  x 15’. Low surface brightness SB 14.2 as seen almost face on. NGC 7793 Spiral galaxy, magnitude 9.2, dimensions 9.3’  x 6.3’. SB 13.4.

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GRUS theta (θ) System AB-C, magnitudes 4.5/ 6.6// 7.8, separations 1.5”, 159”. F5//G2. DUN 246 A = HR 8793. Magnitudes 6.3/ 7, separation 9.1”. F6/F7. Grus Quartet Interacting spiral galaxies. NGC 7552, mag 10.6, 3.4’  x 2.7’, SB 12.8. 28’  away.

NGC 7582, mag 10.6, 5’  x 2.3’, SB 12.8. NGC 7590, mag 11.5, 2.6’  x 1’, SB 12.2. NGC 7599, mag 11.5, 4.4’  x 1.4’, SB 13.2. Trio roughly 5’-13’  from each other.

TUCANA beta1,2 (β1,2) System A-CD, mags 4.3// 4.6/ 6.5, seps 27”, 0.3”. B9//A2/A7. Period A-CD > 155,000 years. Period CD is 43.4 years. delta (δ) BInary AB, magnitudes 4.5/ 8.7, separation 7.1”. B9.5/? kappa (κ) System AB-CD, magnitudes 5/ 7.7// 7.8/ 8.4, separations 4.8”, 319”, 1.1”. F6/K1.

Period of orbit for AB pair 1220 years, CD pair 86 years. lambda1 (λ1) Binary AB, magnitudes 6.7/ 7.4, separation 20”. F7/G1. 47 Tuc (NGC 104) Globular cluster, mag 4, diameter 31’. Class 3. Second only to omega Cen. NGC 362 Globular cluster, magnitude 6.8, diameter 13’. Class 3. Just north of the SMC. SMC (NGC 292) Small Magellanic Cloud. Dwarf satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. Magnitude 2.3. Dimensions about 5 x 3 degrees. PHOENIX zeta (ζ) System AB-C, magnitudes 4/ 6.8// 8.2, separations 0.6”, 6.7”. B6//B9. Period AB is 210 years. Period AB-C > 5000 years.

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CETUS chi (χ) Wide binary (B = EZ Cet), magnitudes 4.7/ 6.8, separation 193”. F3/G1. 37 Optical double, magnitudes 5.2/ 7.9, separation 49”. F5/G9. omicron (Mira) Binary. Red giant Mira A is an oscillating variable star. Period 332 days. Apparent magnitude varies from 2 to 10, making it the brightest periodic variable that is not visible to the naked eye for part of its cycle. M77 (NGC 1068) Barred spiral galaxy. Magnitude 8.9, dimensions 7’  x 6’. SB 12.7.

Seyfert galaxy. The nucleus of a Seyfert galaxy is thought to contain a supermassive Black Hole.

NGC 247 Intermediate spiral galaxy, magnitude 9.1, dimensions 20’  x 5.5’. Large, elongated view. Low surface brightness SB 14.2.

Member of the Sculptor Group.

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PERSEUS epsilon (ε) Binary AB, magnitudes 2.9/ 8.9, separation 8.7”. B0.5/A2. Period > 16,000 years. zeta (ζ) Binary AB, magnitudes 2.9/ 9.2, separation 12.9”. B1/B8. Period > 50,000 years. beta (β) Algol. Famous eclipsing binary and the first such star discovered. Magnitude normally 2.1 but dips to 3.4 every 2.87 days during primary eclipse. M34 (NGC 1039) Spiral Cluster. Open cluster, mag 5.2, size 60’. Large, about 200 stars magnitude

7.5-12.5. Brightest is the yellow (G5) star HD 16771, mag 7.3. Near centre is the double HD 16705/16693, mags 7.7/ 8.5, sep 20”. B9/B9. NGC 1023 Lenticular galaxy, magnitude 9.4, dimensions 8.7’  x 3’. SB 12.7. NGC 1342 Open cluster, mag 6.7, size 30’. About 20 stars mag 8.5-12.5. Brightest star is HD 21773 (NGC 1342 1), F0, magnitude 8.4. AURIGA 14 System A-CaCb, magnitudes 5// 7.9/ 8.1, separation 14.2”, 2”. A9//A2. Period AC is 20,000 years. Period CaCb is 1600 years. 26 System AB-C, magnitudes 6.2/ 6.3// 8.4, separations 0.2”  and 12”. B9.5//A2. IQ/AR At similar distance, mags 5.5/ 6, very wide separation of 8.5’. A0/B9.5. AR is an Algol eclipsing binary, varying in mag from 6.15 to 6.82 over 4.13 days. UU Carbon star, magnitude 5-6.5. C5,3-C7,4. Period 234 days. Colour Index = 3. M36 (NGC 1960) Pinwheel Cluster. Open cluster, magnitude 6, size 25’. About 90 stars

magnitudes 8.5-12.5. Near centre is the double STF 737 (NGC 1960 9/ 8), magnitudes 9.1/ 9.4, separation 11”. B2/ B2.

M37 (NGC 2099) Open cluster, magnitude 5.6, size 25’. Rich cluster of over 500 stars. Looks like a large globular cluster. About 125 stars mags 9-12.5.

Central and brightest is the double star HD 39183, F8, mags 9.2/ 10.8, sep 24”. M38 (NGC 1912) Starfish Cluster. Open cluster, mag 6.4, size 20’. About 60 stars mags 9-12.5. Brightest is HD 35878, G5, mag 8.4. NGC 2281 Open cluster, magnitude 5.4, size 50’. Large, some 80 stars magnitudes 8-12.5. Brightest is the orange (K2) HD 49009, magnitude 7.2. Brighter stars forming a crescent with a diamond shape formed at one end.

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TAURUS eta (η) Alcyone. Brightest star in the Pleiades. Multiple star system. Magnitudes for ABCD are 2.8/ 6.3/ 8.2/ 8.7. Separations 117”, 181”, 191”. B7/A0/A7/F3. B = 24 Tau. C = V647 Tau. theta2,1 (θ2,1) At similar distance. Magnitudes 3.4/ 3.9. Separation 341”. A7/K0. Brightest star in the Hyades cluster. sigma2,1 (σ2,1) At similar distance. Magnitudes 4.7/ 5. Separation 444”. A5/A4. tau (τ) System AaAb-B, magnitudes 4.4/ 7// 7, separations 0.3”, 64”. B3//A0. phi (φ) Binary AB, magnitudes 5/ 7.5, separation 51”. K1/F8. chi (χ) Optical double, magnitudes 5.4/ 8.5, separation 20”. B9/G2. 88 System AaAb-B, magnitudes 4.4/ 6.6 // 7.8, separations 0.2”, 71”. A5//G0. 118 Binary AB, magnitudes 5.8// 6.7, separation 4.7”. B9/A1. STF 422 (HR 1099) Binary AB, magnitudes 6/ 8.9, separation 6.4”. G8/K6. Period 2100 years. 10 Tauri is only 11’  away. Y Carbon star, magnitude 6.5-8.7. C6.5,4. Period 242 days. Colour Index = 3.4. Hyades (Mel 25) Large open cluster around theta 2,1. Magnitude 0.5, size 330’. Aldebaran is much closer to us and is not a cluster member. M1 (NGC 1952) Crab Nebula. Magnitude 8.4, size 6’  x 4’.

Remnant of the supernova which occurred in the year 1054. At the centre of the nebula is the Crab Pulsar, a rotating neutron star.

M45 (Melotte 22) Pleiades (Seven Sisters). Brightest and most famous of all clusters and nebulae. Magnitude 1.5, size 90’. Contains over 1000 confirmed members.

Brightest 10 stars magnitudes 2.9-5.8, all blue-white. Brightest member Alcyone (25 Tau), B7, magnitude 2.9. NGC 1647 Open cluster, magnitude 6.4, size 45’. About 120 stars, magnitudes 8.5-12.5.

Brightest star HD 30197 (NGC 1647 1), K4, mag 6, near southern extremity.

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ERIDANUS theta (θ) Acamar. Binary AB, magnitudes 3.2/ 4.1, separation 8.4”. A4/A1. omicron2 (ο2) Triple star system A-BC. Magnitudes 4.4// 9.7/ 11.5. Separated by 82”  and 8.2”. BC white/red dwarfs. K0.5//DA4/dM4.5. Period AB is 7200 years. Period BC pair about 252 years. 32 Binary AB, magnitudes 4.8/ 5.9, separation 6.9”. G8/A2. 39 Magnitudes 5/ 8.5, separation 6.3”. K3/G2. 55 Binary AB (B = DW Eri), magnitudes 6.7/ 6.8, separation 9.3”. G8/F4. 62 (b Eri) System AaAb-B, magnitudes 5.5/ 9.6// 8.9, separation 0.6”, 66”. B6/B8. f (DUN 16) (HR 1189/90). Binary AB, magnitudes 4.7/ 5.3, separation 8.4”. A1/B9. p Binary AB. Twin orange pair, magnitudes 5.8/ 5.8, separation 11.6”. K2/K3. Period about 485 years. NGC 1291 Lenticular galaxy, magnitude 8.5, dimensions 10’  x 8’. SB 13. NGC 1535 Cleopatra’s Eye. Planetary nebula seen as a bluish double-shell disk. Magnitude 9.6, dimensions about 48”  x 42”. Mag 12.5 central star.

39NGC 1535

55

62

Zaurak

τ4

32

υ1

gh

fAcamar

NGC 1291

Achernar

p

ERIDANUS

1 hr2 hr3 hr4 hr5 hr6 hr

0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

RigelORION

FORNAX

ERIDANUS

0123456

ζδ

ε

κ β λ

βω

μ νο1

ο2

γ π

δ ε η

υ2

υ3

υ4

α

β

νω

θ

φψ

α

39

FORNAX alpha (α) Binary AB, magnitudes 4/ 7.2, separation 5.2”. F6/G7. Period about 269 years. eta3,2 (η3,2) Wide optical double with stars at similar distance, magnitudes 5.5/ 5.9. Separation 11.3 minutes. K5/K0. eta2 is a double, magnitudes 6/ 10, separation 4.9”. omega (ω) Binary AB, magnitudes 5/ 7.7, separation 10.8”. B9.5/A3. NGC 1097 Barred spiral galaxy, magnitude 9.5, dimensions 9.4’  x 6.6’. SB 13.7. Seyfert galaxy- has a central supermassive black hole.

Satellite NGC 1097A is 3.5 arcminutes from the centre of NGC 1097 and lies just out from its bar.

NGC 1316 Fornax A. Lenticular galaxy, magnitude 8.5, dimensions 11’  x 7.2’. SB 13. Bright core. Strong radio source. Central supermassive black hole.

Interacting with nearby spiral galaxy NGC 1317 (Fornax B), about 6.5’  away. NGC 1317 (1318) Fornax B. Spiral galaxy, magnitude 11, dimensions 2.8’  x 2.4’. SB 12.8. NGC 1326 Barred spiral galaxy, magnitude 10.5, dimensions 3.9’  x 2.9’. SB 12.9. NGC 1365 Barred spiral galaxy, magnitude 9.6, dimensions 11’  x 6.2’. SB 13.9.

Bright core, diffuse halo. Seyfert 1 Galaxy. Probably, the most prominent barred spiral in the sky.

NGC 1380 Lenticular galaxy, magnitude 9.9, dimensions 4’  x 2.4’. SB 12.1. NGC 1399 Elliptical galaxy, magnitude 9.6, dimensions 6.9’  x 6.5’. SB 13.8. Same low power field as NGC 1404, about 10’  away. NGC 1404 Elliptical galaxy, magnitude 10, dimensions 3.3’  x 3’. SB 12.2.

θ Eri

Acamar

f Erig Eri

h Eri1316

1365

1399

1097

FORNAX

2 hr3 hr4 hr

-20

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-40

13171326

13801404

0

123456

α

β

νωι1

ι2

φλ1λ2η2

η3χ3,2,1

40

RETICULUM zeta2,1 (ζ 2,1) Wide binary, magnitudes 5/ 5.5, separation 309”. G1/G2. Period one million years. Both main sequence yellow dwarfs similar to our Sun. theta (θ) Binary AB, magnitudes 6/ 7.7, separation 3.9”. B9/A-. NGC 1313 Barred spiral galaxy, magnitude 8.7, dimensions 9.2’  x 7.2’. SB 13. DORADO LMC Large Magellanic Cloud. Nearby satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. Fourth largest galaxy in the Local Group (Andromeda, Milky Way and Triangulum Galaxies being number 1, 2, 3). Also, third closest. Magnitude 0.3. Dimensions about 11 x 9 degrees. NGC 1549 Elliptical galaxy, magnitude 9.7, dimensions 4.9’  x 4.1’. SB 12.7. NGC 1553 Lenticular galaxy, magnitude 9.4, dimensions 4.5 x 2.8’. SB 11.9. NGC 1549 and 1553 are in the same field, 12’  apart. NGC 2070 Tarantula Nebula (30 Doradus) in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Magnitude 7.3, size 40’  x 25’. One of the largest H II regions (emission nebula) in the Local Group. H II regions can give birth to thousands of stars over a few million years.

HYDRUS

RETICULUM

α CarCanopus

HR 2102

NGC 2070

LMC

0 hr1 hr2 hr3 hr4 hr5 hr6 hr7 hr

-50

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DORADO

NGC 1313

NGC 1553

NGC 1549Achernar

α Eri

0

123456

γ

α

ζ

β

δ

ε

αιδγ

βη θ κ

ζ2,1α

γ

β

ζ

ε δ

41

The Greek Alphabet

alpha α nu ν

beta β xi ξ

gamma γ omicron ο

delta δ pi π

epsilon ε rho ρ

zeta ζ sigma σ

eta η tau τ

theta θ upsilon υ

iota ι phi φ

kappa κ chi χ

lambda λ psi ψ

mu µ omega ω