Ni.com/training LabVIEW Workshop #1 Diego Torres LabVIEW Student Ambassador Fall 2011 ITESM CQ.
Transcript of Ni.com/training LabVIEW Workshop #1 Diego Torres LabVIEW Student Ambassador Fall 2011 ITESM CQ.
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LabVIEW Workshop #1
Diego TorresLabVIEW Student Ambassador
Fall 2011ITESM CQ
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TOPICS
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A. Compiled graphical development environmentB. Development time reduction of four to ten timesC. Tools to acquire, analyze, and present your data
What is LabVIEW?Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench
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TOPICS
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Navigating LabVIEW
A. Virtual Instruments (VIs)B. Parts of a VIC. Starting a VID. Project ExplorerE. Front PanelF. Block Diagram
G. Searching for Controls, VIs and Functions
H. Selecting a ToolI. DataflowJ. Polymorphism
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A. Virtual Instruments (VIs)
The appearance and operation of VIs imitate physical instruments, such as oscilloscopes and digital multimeters.
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Virtual Instrument (VI) – A LabVIEW program
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B. Parts of a VI
LabVIEW VIs contain three main components:1. Front Panel 2. Block Diagram 3. Icon/Connector Pane
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B. Parts of a VI – Front Panel
You build the front panel with controls (inputs) and indicators (outputs)
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Front Panel – User interface for the VI
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B. Parts of a VI – Block Diagram
Front panel objects appear as terminals on the block diagram
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Block Diagram – Contains the graphical source code
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B. Parts of a VI – Icon/Connector Pane
• Icon: graphical representation of a VI• Connector Pane: map of the inputs and outputs of a VI• Icons and connector panes are necessary to use a VI as
a subVI− A subVI is a VI that is inside of another VI− Similar to a function in a text-based programming
language Icon Connector Pane
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DEMONSTRATION
C. Starting a VI
Demonstrate using the Getting Started dialog box and the New dialog box to start a VI.
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D. Project Explorer
Use LabVIEW Projects to:• Group LabVIEW files and non-LabVIEW files• Create build specifications• Deploy or download files to targets
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DEMONSTRATION
Using the Project Explorer
Demonstrate creating a project, adding files, and removing files.
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E. Front Panel – Controls Palette
• Contains the controls and indicators you use to create the front panel
• Access from the front panel by selecting View»Controls Palette
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E. Front Panel – Front Panel Toolbar
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E. Front Panel – Controls & Indicators
• Controls− Knobs, push buttons, dials, and other input devices− Simulate instrument input devices and supply data to the block
diagram of the VI• Indicators
− Graphs, LEDs, and other displays− Simulate instrument output devices and display data the block
diagram acquires or generates
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E. Front Panel – Numeric Controls/Indicators
The numeric data type can represent numbers of various types, such as integer or real
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Numeric Indicator
Numeric Control
Increment/Decrement Buttons
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E. Front Panel – Boolean Controls/Indicators
• The Boolean data type represents data that only has two parts, such as True and False or On and Off• Use Boolean controls and indicators to enter and display
Boolean (True or False) values• Boolean objects simulate switches, push buttons, and LEDs
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BooleanControl
BooleanIndicator
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E. Front Panel – Strings
• The string data type is a sequence of ASCII characters • Use string controls to receive text from the user such as a
password or user name• Use string indicators to display text to the user
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LabVIEW Data Types – Terminals
Terminals visually communicate information about the data type represented
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LabVIEW Data Types – Numerics
• The numeric data type represents numbers of various types• To change the representation
of a numeric, right-click the control, indicator, or constant, and select Representationfrom the shortcut menu
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LabVIEW Data Types – Boolean
• Behavior of Boolean controls is specified by the mechanical action• In LabVIEW, the Boolean
data type is represented with the color green
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Mechanical Action of Booleans
Use the Mechanical Action of Booleans VI located in the NI Example Finder to learn about the different switch and latch actions.
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Data Types – String
• A sequence of displayable or non-displayable ASCII characters• On the front panel, strings appear as tables,
text entry boxes, and labels• Change the display type from the short-cut
menu: Normal, ‘\’ Codes, Password and Hex• Edit and manipulate strings with the String functions on the
block diagram• In LabVIEW, the string data type is represented with the color
pink
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Data Types – Enum
An enum represents a pair of values, a string and a numeric, where the enum can be one of a defined list of values
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Data Types – Enum
• Enum: enumerated control, constant, or indicator• Enums are useful because it is easier
to manipulate numbers than strings on the block diagram
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Data Types – Dynamic
• Stores the information generated or acquired by an Express VI• Non-Express VIs do not accept the dynamic data type
− To use a built-in VI or function to analyze or process the dynamic data type, you must convert the data type
− Numeric, waveform, or Boolean data indicators or inputs automatically convert the dynamic data type when wired
• In LabVIEW, the dynamic data type is represented with the color dark blue
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E. Front Panel – Shortcut Menus
• All LabVIEW objects have associated shortcut menus
• As you create a VI, use the shortcut menu items to change the look or behavior of front panel and block diagram objects
• To access the shortcut menu, right-click the object
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E. Front Panel – Property Dialog Box
• Right-click a front panel object and select Properties to display
• The options available on the property dialog box are similar to the options available on the shortcut menu for that object
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E. Front Panel – Configure Multiple Objects
• Select multiple objects to simultaneously configure shared properties
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F. Block Diagram
Block diagram objects include the following:
• Terminals• SubVIs• Functions• Constants• Structures• Wires
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F. Block Diagram – Functions Palette
Contains the VIs, functions, and constants you use to create the block diagram
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F. Block Diagram – Block Diagram Toolbar
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F. Block Diagram – Terminals
• Terminals are:− Block diagram appearance of front panel objects− Entry and exit ports that exchange information between the
front panel and block diagram− Analogous to parameters and constants in text-based
programming languages• Change the view type of a terminal by toggling the View as
Icon selection from the context menu
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F. Block Diagram Terminals
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F. Block Diagram – Nodes
• Objects on the block diagram that have inputs and/or outputs and perform operations when a VI runs• Analogous to statements, operators, functions, and
subroutines in text-based programming languages• Nodes can be functions, subVIs, or structures
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Nodes
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F. Block Diagram – Function Nodes
• Fundamental operating elements of LabVIEW• Do not have front panels or block diagrams, but do have
connector panes• Double-clicking a function only selects the function – does
not open it like a VI• Has a pale yellow background on its icon
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F. Block Diagram – SubVI Nodes
• SubVI: VIs that you build to use inside of another VI• Any VI has the potential to be used as a subVI• When you double-click a subVI on the block diagram, you
can view the front panel and block diagram of the subVI− The upper right corner of the front panel and block diagram
displays the icon for the current VI− This is the icon that appears when you place the VI on a block
diagram as a subVI
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F. Block Diagram – SubVI Nodes
• Express VIs are a special type of subVI− Require minimal wiring because you configure them
with dialog boxes− Save the configuration of an Express VI as a subVI• Icons for Express VIs appear on the block diagram
as icons surrounded by a blue field
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F. Block Diagram – Icons/Expandable Nodes
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F. Block Diagram – Wires
• Transfer data between block diagram objects through wires• Wires are different colors, styles, and thicknesses,
depending on their data types• A broken wire appears as a dashed
black line with a red X in the middle
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Scalar1D Array2D Array
DBL Numeric Integer Numeric String
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F. Block Diagram – Wiring Tips
• Press <Ctrl>-B to delete all broken wires• Right-click and select Clean Up Wire to reroute the wire
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F. Block Diagram – Wiring Tips
Use the Clean Up Diagram tool to reroute multiple wires and objects to improve readability
1. Select a section of your block diagram2. Click the Clean Up Diagram button on the block diagram
toolbar
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GOAL
Exercise 2-1Concept: Exploring a VI
Identify the parts of an existing VI.
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DISCUSSION
Exercise 2-1Concept: Exploring a VI
• What are constants and when should you use them?• What are free labels and when should you use them?
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G. Searching for Controls, VIs & Functions
Find controls, functions, and VIs using the Search button on the Controls and Functions palette.
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G. Global Search
The Search bar in the top right of the Front Panel and Block Diagram windows can be used to search the palettes, help, and ni.com.
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GOAL
Exercise 2-2Concept: Navigating Palettes
Learn to use the palettes and search for controls, functions and VIs.
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DISCUSSION
Exercise 2-2Concept: Navigating Palettes
• Why would you want to add a function to the Favorites category in the Functions palette?
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H. Selecting A Tool
• Create, modify, and debug VIs using the tools provided by LabVIEW• A tool is a special operating mode of the
mouse cursor• The operating mode of the cursor corresponds to the icon of
the tool selected• When using the Automatic Tool Selection, LabVIEW
chooses which tool to select based on the current location of the mouse
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GOAL
Exercise 2-3Concept: Selecting A Tool
Gain experience using the Automatic Tool Selection to select which tool to use.
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DISCUSSION
Exercise 2-3Concept: Selecting A Tool
• How do you enable automatic tool selection?
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I. Dataflow
LabVIEW follows a dataflow model for running VIs• A node executes only when data are available at all of its
input terminals• A node supplies data to the output terminals only when the
node finishes execution
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I. Dataflow – Quiz
Which node executes first? a) Addb) Subtractc) Random Numberd) Divide e) Sine
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I. Dataflow – Quiz Answers
NO CORRECT ANSWER
Which node executes first? a) Add – possiblyb) Subtract – definitely notc) Random Number – possiblyd) Divide – possiblye) Sine – definitely not
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GOAL
Exercise 2-4Concept: Dataflow
Understand how dataflow determines the execution order in a VI.
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DISCUSSION
Exercise 2-4Concept: Dataflow
• Should a well-designed block diagram flow in a particular direction?
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J. Polymorphism
Definition: a programming language feature that allows values of different data types to be handled using a uniform interface.
In LabVIEW: the ability of VIs and functions to automatically adapt to accept input data of different data types
i.e. Numeric Functions Useful when performing the same
operation on different data types
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Summary—Quiz
1. Which function executes first: Add or Subtract?a) Addb) Subtractc) Unknown
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Summary—Quiz Answer
1. Which function executes first: Add or Subtract?a) Addb) Subtractc) Unknown
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Summary—Quiz
2. Which function executes first: Sine or Divide?a) Sineb) Dividec) Unknown
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Summary—Quiz Answer
2. Which function executes first: Sine or Divide?a) Sineb) Dividec) Unknown
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Summary—Quiz
3. Which of the following functions executes first: Random Number, Add or Divide?a) Random Numberb) Dividec) Addd) Unknown
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Summary—Quiz Answer
3. Which of the following functions executes first: Random Number, Add or Divide?a) Random Numberb) Dividec) Addd) Unknown
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ni.com/training
Summary—Quiz
4. Which of the following functions execute last: Random Number, Subtract or Add?a) Random Numberb) Subtractc) Addd) Unknown
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ni.com/training
Summary—Quiz Answer
4. Which of the following functions execute last: Random Number, Subtract or Add?a) Random Numberb) Subtractc) Addd) Unknown
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ni.com/training
Summary—Quiz
5. What are the three parts of a VI?a) Front Panelb) Block Diagramc) Projectd) Icon/Connector Pane
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ni.com/training
Summary—Quiz Answer
5. What are the three parts of a VI?a) Front Panelb) Block Diagramc) Projectd) Icon/Connector Pane
66