Nick Chumo Addy Hellebusch Matt Kelley Chris Williams.
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Transcript of Nick Chumo Addy Hellebusch Matt Kelley Chris Williams.
![Page 1: Nick Chumo Addy Hellebusch Matt Kelley Chris Williams.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062712/56649ca25503460f94961172/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE MEXICO CITY EXPLOSION OF
1984
Nick Chumo
Addy Hellebusch
Matt Kelley
Chris Williams
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Introduction
November 19, 1984 San Juanico; a suburb of Mexico City 20 km outside of Mexico City 40,000 residents Low income families Homes as close as 130m to plant
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Plant and “Process”
Pemex State Oil Company Storage & Distribution facility for liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG)LPG comes in from 3 different refineries
54 LPG storage tanks- 16,000m3
Daily throughput- 5,000m3
6 large spherical tanks○ 2 largest holding 2400m3
48 smaller tanks of various sizes Built to API Standards
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Right Before Explosion
Being filled from a refinery 400km away 11,000m3 LPG on site Fall in pressure
The cause of the pressure drop was unidentified
no one initiated emergency shutdown
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Pemex Before
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Pemex After
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What Happened
One of the deadliest industrial disasters in world history
The initial vapor cloud explosion was the start of a chain reaction of explosions
There were 19 explosions15 cylindrical tanksThe 4 smaller spheres
Many of the explosions were BLEVEsThe relative times can be told from seismic
readings
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What Happened cont.
Most of the damage to the city was from fires not the explosions
Fragments from the tanks reached over 1,200 m awayThe fragments were hot enough to start firesPieces trailed raining LPG as they flew
A concentrated rescue effort was put into action with 3000 rescuers on site
200 firefighters risked their lives
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Accident Timeline 5:30am Rupture of 8 in. pipe; Pressure drop in
control room 5:40am Ignition of gas cloud; Violent
combustion and high flame 5:45am First explosion on seismograph, a
BLEVE; Fire department called 5:46am Second BLEVE, one of the
most violent 6:00am Police alerted and civilian
traffic stopped 6:30am Traffic chaos
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Accident Timeline cont. 7:01am Last explosion on
seismograph, a BLEVE 7:30am Continuing tank explosions 8-10:00amRescue work at its height 11:00am Last tank explosion 12-6:00pm Rescue work continues 11:00pm Flames extinguished on last
large sphere 10:00am Last fires put out (next day)
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Root Causes
Official cause of rupture is unknown One report cited
Overfilled tank caused the inlet line to rupture
Failure of relief valve
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Results
500-600 deaths; 300+ never identified 5000-7000 severe injuries 10,000-60,000 people made homeless 31 million dollars of damages Destruction of 1/3 of the LPG supply to
Mexico City
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Results
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Results
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Future Preventions
Timely inspections Maintain industrial standards Better maintenance Effective operator training Housing appropriate
distance away
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Future Preventions cont.
Proper layout of large LPG storages
Gas detection and emergency isolation
Water system failures Extra water hydrants in the streets Planned evacuation routes
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Summary
This deadly disaster struck the morning of November 19, 1984
Lasted from 5:30am till 10:00am the next day
Left hundreds dead and thousands injured and homeless
Many lessons can be learned from the tragedy
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QUESTIONS?