District Heating using Heat Pumps

& The CIBSE Surface Water Source

Heat Pumps: Code of Practice (CP2)

Nic WincottLead Author CP2

UK Coordinator – NeoEnergy Ltd.

REHAU District Heating WorkshopWednesday 4th November 2015The Building Centre, London

The CIBSE Surface Water Source Heat Pumps:

Code of Practice (CP2)

District Heating (and Cooling) Networks using Heat Pumps

I will be talking mainly about SWSHP’s and mainly about heating applications but there are heat pumps in (almost) all cooling networks.

Heat Pumps can collect or reject heat into, or recover heat from, many places: the ground, the air, from industrial processes, supermarkets, sewage treatment plants and datacentres.

Heat Pumps can simultaneously provide both heating and cooling very efficiently. Thermal Energy Storage can greatly improve system and seasonal efficiencies. ‘sorption heat pumps can convert waste heat into useful and valuable cooling…..

Something often overlooked

Today’s Topics….

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

Companion to

CIBSE Heat Networks:

Code of Practice (CP1)

Surface Water only: Ground Water to follow?

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

Surface Water Source Heat Pumps - CP2

What is a Code of Practice- a set of rules which describes how people working in a particular profession should behave.

Whereas a Standard exists principally to provide a reliable basis on which common expectations can be shared regarding specific characteristics of a product, service or process.

The CIBSE Code’s of Practice seek to improve installation quality by combining both functions.

This Code of Practice is intended for:

• The whole supply chain

• Use in tendering & contracts

and to:

• Underpin training & certification

• Establish good and where possible best practice

• Instil confidence and take the technology to the next level

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

It’s a collaborative publication

• Consortium funded by DECC and led by CIBSE in association with HPA & GSHPA supported by a 20+ strong, diverse steering committee of industry experts and stakeholders.

• With input from many more Companies & Individuals both informally and during the consultation process: http://www.cibse.org/CP2consultation

• Disappointingly little input from environmental groups although there were invited… repeatedly…..Angling Trust eventually engaged and made a valuable contribution…. http://www.anglingtrust.net/

www.cibse.org/CP1

DECC Supported…

• By providing funding

• SWSHPs can deliver heat at scale, so DECC has produced a “Water

Source Heat Potential” layer to augment their National Heat Map to

identify the thermal resources of rivers, estuaries, canals and coastal

waters in England. http://tools.decc.gov.uk/nationalheatmap/

• They have also published:

Navigating the Way:

A Customer Journey for potential developershttps://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/416665/navigating_the_way_a_customer_journey_for_potential_developers.pdf

www.cibse.org/CP1

Environment Agency InputThe Environment Agency have been closely involved throughout.

As a direct result:

They have changed a number of forms and internal systems to establish a single point of entry for all enquiries.

They have simplified application and permitting processes and are encouraging early engagement, ideally long before the any formal application is to be made.

They are investigating how best to engage with developers and others involved with SWSHP projects, to ensure that they have a satisfactory experience.

https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/ground-source-heating-and-cooling-forms-and-guidance-notes

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

SWSHP Code of PracticeOther Considerations

The strategic aims for the deployment of SWSHP system are:

To reduce CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions

To use natural resources sustainably and reduce or replace fossil fuel consumption.

To reduce overall cost of providing heating and/or cooling.

SWSHP’s can be used for heating, cooling or both, independently or simultaneously.

**This document leads with heating and is written from that perspective, but cooling is also discussed.

SWSHP’s use either open or closed loops to collect heat from, or reject heat into surface water bodies.

**This document leads with open loop installations but also discusses closed loop applications

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

SWSHP Code of Practice

Structure & Approach:

The Code of Practice sets out generally how a task should be undertaken, it is not intended to provide specific design

guidance.

It is intended for larger projects but smaller projects will also benefit.

It looks more daunting than it really is: many of the steps listed happen anyway,

the idea is to ensure that they do happen: how they should and when they should, and as a result the project is delivered:

on time, on budget and to a high standard.

The Code of Practice is structured by:

the typical sequence of a project by stage;

for each project stage a number of objectives are set; and

for each objective a number of minimum requirements are defined to achieve the objective.

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

SWSHP Plan of Work

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

Stages clearly definedand colour coded

Objectives

Key Support Tasks

Information Exchangei.e. Outputs to take forward

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

SWSHP Code of Practice - Why install a Surface Water Source Heat Pump?

Economic benefit

In most cases the key motivating factor will be financial:

Government - grants and incentives

SWSHP systems return an attractive ROI and mitigate against rising energy costs.

Any increased CAPEX will be compensated by the OPEX savings over the life of the building

Other cost savings e.g. a gas supply and a flue may not be needed

May be used for both heating and cooling – significantly improving efficiency and reducing cost.

These balanced systems are compact and usually located in basement plantroom. The roof space released can be

extremely valuable.

Environmental and reputational benefit

SWSHPs are a low carbon alternative to using fossil fuels.

Legislative requirements

To comply with national and international legislation e.g.: Climate Change Act 2008, Carbon Reduction Commitment

(CRC), Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD), Renewable Energy Sources Directive (RES), and Climate Change

Levy (CCL), Building Regulations etc.

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

SWSHP Applications

Challenges and Opportunities #1

Some of the diverse projects already operational – hopefully to

inspire other innovative installations in the UK.

Both RNLI & NT have ongoing programmes

http://rnli.org/aboutus/aboutthernli/Pages/Innovation.aspxhttp://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/article-1355838486323/

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

ApplicationsChallenges and Opportunities #2

Nasby Park, Stockholm

CAPEX Saving 130,000 EUR (in 2004)Est payback 4.2 Years actual 3 years

Surface Water BTES Recharge - Borehole numbers were reduced (and hence CAPEX) by recharging with the warmer surface water during the Summer

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

Heat Pumps and District

Heating (and Cooling)

Networks

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

District Heating (and Cooling) Networks and Heat Pumps.Heat pumps are very versatile and can used with both

source and load side networks.

They maybe used to provide heating, cooling or both either alternately or simultaneously.

In “traditional” load side applications they may be used as

a primary or secondary generator. Historic temperature

constraints for high temperature applications have been

overcome.

In “source” side applications single or multiple heat

pumps may be attached to a low temperature

network to collect or reject heat at or near ambient

temperature.

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

District Heating (and Cooling) Networks

and Heat Pumps.

“Load Side” ApplicationsDrammen, Norway.

Installed Capacity. 13.3 MW

Annual CoP 3.05 Input temp ± 6°C Output 90°C

Annual Saving £2 Million + 15,000 tons CO2

http://www.ehpa.org/technology/best-practices/large-heat-pumps/drammen-district-heating-norway/

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

District Heating (and Cooling) Networks

and Heat Pumps.

“Load Side” ApplicationsVärtan Ropsten, Stockholm

www.geopower-i4c.eu/docs/20120503-Anders_Hill-Fortum.pdf

Installed between 1984-86 uses Sea water from Stockholm Harbour as the heat source6 x 30MW Heat pumps (total 180MW)Input Temp ± 2.5°C output to 80°C.Capacity Range 100% to 10%.CoP Max 3.75

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

District Heating (and Cooling) Networks

and Heat Pumps.

“Source” side ApplicationsAnd back in the UK: Horsham West Sussex

Serving 5 building combined output 90kW using 18 elements submerged in adjacent lake at 2.5MCoP 4.11 to BS14511 B5/W45

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

District Heating (and Cooling) Networks

and Heat Pumps.

“Source” side applicationsEnergy Vaasa, Finland

Collector embedded into ”Warm” sediment (14 °C)

Novel collector pipes installed by Horizontal Directional

Drilling (HDD). This avoids sea bed ”anchor”-risk

Thermal Transfer Fluid goes to a heat pump

in each property at source temperature

Annual average energy supplied 1.2 GWh,

Total Heat Pump power 400 kW

Individual Heat Pumps range from 9 kW 22 kW

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eoleWYJlc1E

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

District Heating (and Cooling) Networks and Heat Pumps

Drakes Landing, Okotoks, Canada

Other heat pump/network installations

http://www.dlsc.ca/

The Drake Landing Solar Community (DLSC) consist of 52 homes heated by a district energy system designed to store solar derived heat underground during the summer and redistribute the energy to each home for space heating in winter.

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

District Heating (and Cooling) Networks and Heat Pumps

Other heat pump/network installations

Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana

http://cms.bsu.edu/about/geothermal/faq

Here 3,600 boreholes heat and cool 5.5 Million Square feet in 47 buildings saving about 2 Million USD annually

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

District Heating (and Cooling) Networks and Heat Pumps

ETH Zurich

Other heat pump/network installations

https://www.ethz.ch/en/the-eth-zurich/sustainability/sustainable-campus/erdspeicher.htmlhttp://www.energyinnovationdays.com/app/download/12631703832/2015.08.20+Workshop+B+Dominik+Brem.pdf?t=1440728838

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

District Heating (and Cooling) Networks and Heat Pumps

Other heat pump/network installations

European Heat Pump Association (EHPA) Heat Pump City of the Year 2015 - Mäntsälä, FinlandCurrently 4MW delivered to 1500 homes but set to expand

http://www.ehpa.org/projects/heat-pump-city-of-the-year/meet-the-candidates/city-of-maentsaelae/

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

District Heating (and Cooling) Networks and Heat PumpsOther heat pump/network installations

One to watch:

Cranbrook Nr Exeter, Devon.

http://www.star-ref.co.uk/star/star-renewable-energy-secures-order-to-supply-uk-first-renewable-heat-network.htmlhttp://www.exeter.ac.uk/news/research/title_431154_en.htmlhttp://www.exeterandeastdevon.gov.uk/Cranbrook/

www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html

Thank you

Nic Wincott

Lead Author - SWSHP Code of Practice

UK Coordinator – Neoenergy Ltd.

njwincott@gmail.com

nic.wincott@neoenergy.co.uk