21st Century Skills

Change Is InThe Air

Key Concepts

Jonathan P. Costa

June 2nd, 2011

EDUCATION CONNECTION

© JPC Sr. 2011

Three Truths PreviewMultiple Choice Test (Pick One)

The future of learning and work is…

Print- or -

Digital?

Truth Number OneThere is no escape…

The future of work and learning

processes/resources are

digital.

© EC/JC 2011

Yes, It’s Happened Before Our Eyes

© JPC Sr. 2011

Think About Exponential Growth

Since 1994 the number of web sites has grown from 5,000 to 250,000,000 (50,000 % increase)

Distinct content pages now number in the trillions…

Every day, Google handles about 6,200,000,000 page views and processes 20 petabytes of data.

275,000 words are typed every minute onto blogger

And then there is the newest internet monster Facebook...

© EC/JC 2011

The World is One Information Sharing Network

1. Google2. Facebook3. YouTube4. Yahoo!5.

Windows Live (Microsoft search)

6. Baidu.com (A Chinese language search

engine)

7. Blogger.com8. Wikipedia9. QQ.COM

(A Chinese language IM program)

10. Twitter

© EC/JC 2011

The World’s Top 10 Traffic Sites

From Turn the Page to Hit The Button

In the second quarter of 2010, Amazon sold 180 Kindle Edition Books for every 100 hard-covers sold.

In the fourth quarter, Kindle editions outsold paperbacks as well.

Amazon has been selling books for 16 years and Kindle books for 3 years.

© EC/JC 2011

The King Is Dead, LLTK

More content hours were uploaded to YouTube in 2010…

…than have been broadcast by the three major networks in their entire history.

http://www.youtube.com/create© EC/JC 2010

How Would You Answer?

What would an “open phone test” look like?

What would your district/school iPhone app have in it?

What happens when everyone can get anything from anywhere?

© EC/JC 2010

Still Not Sure?It really is no longer a prediction…

- Restated Truth One –

CURRENTwork and learning

processes/resources are

already primarily digital.

© EC/JC 2011

Truth Number TwoYou Can’t Learn Without Access

Adequate preparation

for a higher order thinking digital

environment requires one-one access by staff and students.

© EC/JC 2011

It Just Makes Sense

One cannot prepare students to master skills

and be information literate, independent,

higher-order thinkers if they are not consistently doing meaningful work with the tools that will

help define their success.

© EC/JC 2011

Practice + Feedback = Fluency

Truth Number ThreeFurther Print Investment is a Waste

Continued investment in a print-based

infrastructure and the lack of strategic

transitional planning for a complete move to digital are ultimately

counterproductive both educationally and

fiscally.© EC/JC 2011

The GoalTo prepare EVERY

student for learning, life and work in the

21st century.I believe achieving this goal is the

defining challenge of our time.

© EC/JC 2011

Get to One to One

Putting a device in every learner’s hands is the keystone task.

With that accomplished, all else is possible.

Without it, your future is your print-based past.

© EC/JC 2011

Open Source SavingsFive Factors of Convergence

1.Open source energy.2.Moore’s Law

unabated. 3.Apple effect.4.Google effect.5.Growth of the cloud

and browser.

© EC/JC 2011

Origins of Open Source

A cultural reaction to Bill Gates move to license Windows.

Netscape opened its browser’s source code in the mid 1990s and the run began.

Used to refer to the code, now it really refers to anything that is shared openly – free.

Spawned a whole new concept which has rippled across the tech and information ecosystem – crowd sourcing – the idea that everyone can be smarter than anyone.

Wikis, blogs, open exchanges of all kinds owe their current status to this ethic and history.© EC/JC 2011

Moore’s Law Unabated

© EC/JC 2011

The App Store Effect

Opens on July 11, 2008

In the first 2 months, 100,000,000 applications were downloaded.

The average cost of an iPhone App is $3.87

Many are silly and junk, but huge numbers do specific things related to information very efficiently…

© EC/JC 2011

The Google Effect

Do you think most people can even conceive of a company who’s primary business strategy is to provide all of their primary consumer services for free?

How does one compete with free?

Think of this as the Google decade…

Driving the cost of software down…

© EC/JC 2011

An Open App Revolution

Open Source, Multiple Platform

The recent explosive growth of open source, multiple platform and multiple device applications have brought 21st century learning and utility to the masses.

Information and access for everyone.

Schools that miss the opportunity to leverage FREE resources to support learning are making a mistake.

© EC/JC 2011

The Cloud & BrowserThe emergence of the

“cloud” (off-site server storage of data and applications) have refocused development on the browser.

More and more software and data applications are being made to run through the browser – making this format the default platform for the vast majority of value based applications. © EC/JC 2011

Putting It All Together

These are the factors that have come together over the last two years to make the new math of

one-to-one for everyone possible.

© EC/JC 2011

+ + =Affordable

1 to 1DeliveryModels.Low cost,

apps and open sourcematerials.

Low cost,i-net focusedNetbooks and

Devices.

No or low costcloud-based computing

software and storageoptions on a mass

basis.

© JPC Sr. 2008

They ARE Different

Adapted from Marc Prensky – “Digital Game Based Learning”

Digital Immigrants

Digital Interpreters Mostly textPaper basedInformation streamOne task at a timeFontsLogical orderOne conversationReward in the endSerious workDeliberation Legacy content

Digital Natives

Digital FluencyMostly mediaScreen basedInformation floodMulti-taskingGraphicsRandom accessNetworkedInstant gratificationGames and engagementTwitch speedFuture content

So, A Quick Review…

…of what is coming down the pike

Print is dead, long live print. One to one is in everyone’s

future. Digital learning environment

with all of the trimmings (policy, practice, and challenge)

21st century demands, goals/skills.

Digital native audience

…all at the same time.© JPC Sr. 2011

Essential Planning Questions

How do our goals for learning need to be adjusted to reflect the skills and attributes required for academic,

vocational, and personal success in a flat, digital, integrated, and highly collaborative/competitive world?

Aligning Goals for Learning With The Real World© JPC Sr. 2009

Rethinking Key - What You Teach

Time spent preparing to fight the last war is

wasted. In your discussions around goals for learning, make the focus on

what learners will need to be successful in a 2020 digital age, not

the skills we needed in an Industrial Age, print-based model.

© JPC Sr. 2009

The Five Gallon Bucket

If we persist in teaching “just in

case” we will never fit this stuff

in our buckets. Teaching the

ability to learn “just in time” is

the shift.© JPC Sr. 2011

Preparing Students For a Knowledge Economy

Align Your Systems With Your Goals for Learning

Type of AssessmentRequired

Subject Area Responsibilities

Everyone’s Responsibility

© JPC Sr. 2009

Content(Declarative)

Facts

Content Skills

(Procedural)Discrete Skills

21st Cent. Skills(Contextual)

Applied Understandings

Type of Knowledge

Desired

Type of InstructionRequired

Lecture, video, films, assigned readings and

memory activities.

Classroom or textbook problems, experiments,

discussions, practice and repetition.

Complex projects,real time explorations,

authentic and technology supported applications.

Amount of Time

Required

Discrete units,spiraled and predictable.

Ongoing, systemic and without a finite

or predictable end.

Discrete units,spiraled and predictable.

Recall & recognitionbased quizzes, tests,

and activities. Multiplechoice, matching, etc.

(SAT/AP/Exams)

Checklists, analytic rubrics,

or other agreed upon skill standards

(AP/CMT/CAPT/Exams)

Holistic and, analytic rubrics,

or other agreed upon skill standards

(Portfolios, Exhibitions, Etc)

Critical Skills and Attributes

© JPC Sr. 2010

21st Century Skills1. Use real-world digital and other research tools to access, evaluate and effectively apply information appropriate for authentic tasks.2. Work independently and collaboratively to solve problems and accomplish goals.3. Communicate information clearly and effectively using a variety of tools/media in varied contexts for a variety of purposes.4. Demonstrate innovation, flexibility and adaptability in thinking patterns, work habits, and working/learning conditions.5. Effectively apply the analysis, synthesis, and evaluative processes that enable productive problem solving.6. Value and demonstrate personal responsibility, character, cultural understanding, and ethical behavior.

© JPC Sr. 2010

How should we adjust our teaching and

delivery methods to both leverage the

power of Information Age technologies and

to meet a new generation of learners in their own learning

environment?

Essential Planning Questions

Leveraging Information Age Tools and Strategies

© JPC Sr. 2009

Rethinking Key - How You Teach

You cannot prepare students to master

skills and be literate, independent, higher-order thinkers if they

are not doing meaningful work with

the tools that will help define their

success.© JPC Sr. 2009

© JPC Sr. 2009

The Rules of Engagement

1.Each student has learning experiences at intermediate difficulty for that student.

2.Expectations for the student are high but achievable for that student.

3.Students make decisions about their own learning that lead them to be autonomous learners.

4.Students’ perspectives are valued.5.There is both a sense of community and

individuality.6.Instruction is tied to student interests

(and is culturally relevant).From Powerful Learning by Ron Brandt, ASCD, Alexandria, VA: ASCD

Engagement + Purpose = Learning

© JPC Sr. 2007

Vary the R.A.F.T.R: role – what role is the student playing?

A: audience – who are they producing the work

for?

F: format – what format will the work be in?

T: topic – what topic will the work be on?

Newspaper reporter, scientist, editorial writer…

Students, your parents, an employer…

Obituary, cartoon, poem, editorial…

© JPC Sr. 2010

The Rules of Integration

1.Each student has significant choices within the RAFT so they can make decisions about their own learning that lead them to be autonomous/self-directed learners.

2.Each student must deal with a significant variety of source information, make/defend choices about what they use, and evaluate the importance of what they have found.

3.Each student has an opportunity to synthesize and construct a new product, service, or message based on the results of their work (authentic tasks).

Plug any technology into any of these steps.

Engagement + Purpose + Tool = Learning

How must our methods of assessing

student learning evolve so that

we can meet the twin demands of

feedback and accountability in

a skill based world?

Essential Planning Questions

Feedback and Accountability in a Skill Based World© JPC Sr. 2009

Rethinking Key - How You Know

Traditional, print literacy assessment

practices can be very concrete and

narrowly focused. Assessing for

analysis, patterns, synthesis and

evaluation skills is more difficult – and

important.© JPC Sr. 2009

Assessing These Skills

The difference between “accurate measurement” and

“valid assessment.”

© JPC Sr. 2007

© JPC Sr. 2007

A Process for Building Performance Assessments

1. Identify what you are assessing for.

2. Determine critical attributes.

3. Select an appropriate assessment instrument/scale to judge the work.

4. Describe each attribute across the selected scale.

5. Provide models of work across the scale.

6. Assess, and/or have the student assess, the work by applying the ratings and providing

explanations.

Align Assessments With Goals for Learning

AppropriateAssessmentInstruments

Recall & recognitionbased quizzes, tests,

and activities. Multiplechoice, matching, fill

In the blanks, etc. (SAT/AP/Exams)

Checklists, analytic rubrics,

or other agreed upon skill standards

(AP/CMT/CAPT/Exams)

Holistic and, analytic rubrics,

or other agreed upon skill standards

(Portfolios, Demonstrations, Exhibitions, Etc)

© JPC Sr. 2007

Content(Declarative)

Facts“Define this term”

Content Skills(Procedural)

Discrete Skills“Factor this equation”

Meta Skills(Contextual)

Applied Understandings“Skilled Information Consumer”

Type of Knowledge

Desired

Appropriate

AssessmentStandards/Scales

Take this quiz, test,or other appropriate

content focusedassessment instrument.

Answering/responding to classroom or text based

problems, experiments, and writing assignments.

Complex projects,real time explorations,

authentic problem based skill applications.

AppropriateAssessment

Tasks

Percentages ofright and wrong

answers on an agreed upon numeric or letter

grade scale.1-100/A-B-C-D

Specific criteria tiedto an agreed upon

numeric or descriptive scale.1-100/Pass-Fail

Insufficient-Excellent

Specific criteria tiedto an agreed upon descriptive scale.

Insufficient-SufficientProficient-Excellent

Overlap between columns can and does occur.

© JPC Sr. 2007

Keep this shift in mind…

- From -View Judge Explain

- To -Establish a reliable standard; then…

View Describe Analyze

© JPC Sr. 2007

Pay close attention to the language.

Judgment - Descriptive “reliable” vs. “corroborated

by at least one other

source” “effective” “1st person

narrative”

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