SUBMITTED TO- SUBMITTEBD BY-

Mr. SANDEEP TOSHNIWAL AMARDEEP

H.O.D (ECE)

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

A SCHEMATIC VIEW OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

HISTORY OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

HOW A HYDROELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM WORKS

NATIONAL POLICY ON HYDROPOWER IN INDIA

TURBINES

POWER HOUSE

POWER GENERATION

ADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

DISADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION Hydroelectric power (hydropower) systems convert the

kinetic energy in flowing water into electric energy.

Falling or flowing water turns a propeller like piece called a turbine.

The turbine turns a metal shaft in an electric generator which produces electricity.

HISTORY OF HYDROPOWER

The first hydroelectric power dam in the world was built in

Appleton, Wisconsin in 1882.

In India, Jamshed ji Tata built the first hydroelectric power dam in

the Western Ghats of Maharashtra in the early 1900s to supply

power to Bombay’s Cotton and Textile Mills.

He took the British Government’s permission to build dams,

namely the Andhra, Sirowata, Valvan and Mulshi hydel dams in

the Western Ghats to generate electricity using high rainfalls in the

hills as storage.

o Flowing water is directed at a

turbine.

o The flowing water causes the

turbine to rotate, converting the

water’s kinetic energy into

mechanical energy.

The mechanical energy produced by the turbine is

converted into electric energy using a turbine

generator.

Inside the generator, the shaft of the turbine spins a

magnet inside coils of copper wire.

It is a fact of nature that moving a magnet near a

conductor causes an electric current.

NATIONAL POLICY ON HYDROPOWER IN

INDIA

Aim To accelerate the development of Hydropower

Introduced In 1998

Introduced by Ministry of Power (MoP) and Government of

India (GoI)

With Central, State and Private hydropower projects

contributing 3455 MW, 5810 and 550 MW respectively, the GoI

aims to reach the total capacity of 9815 MW during the ninth

plan. (The XIth Plan aims capacity addition of 18781 MW in

the hydropower sector)

TURBINES

turbines are used to convert the energy water of falling water into mechanical energy.

water turbine is a rotary engine that takes energy from moving water.

flowing water is directed on to the blades of a turbine runner, creating a force on the blades.

Since the runner is spinning, the force acts through a distance n this way, energy is transferred from the water flow to the turbine.

The principal types of turbines are:1) Impulse turbine2) Reaction Turbine

Impulse turbines : Mainly used in high head plants.

the entire pressure of water is converted into kinetic energy in a

nozzle and the velocity of the jet drives the blades of turbine.

The nozzle consist of a needle, and quantity of water jet falling

on the turbine is controlled this needle placed in the tip of the

nozzle.

If the load on the turbine decreases, the governor pushes the

needle into the nozzle, thereby reducing the quantity of water

striking the turbine.

Examples of Impulse turbines are: Pelton Wheel. Turgo Michell-Banki (also known as the Cross flow or

Ossberger turbine.

PELTON TURBINE

Reaction turbines : Are mainly for low and medium head

plants.

In reaction turbine the water enters the runner partly with

pressure energy and partly with velocity head.

Most water turbines in use are reaction turbines and are

used in low (<30m/98 ft) and medium (30-300m/98–

984 ft)head applications.

In reaction turbine pressure drop occurs in both fixed and

moving blades.

In this turbine the runner blades changed with respect to guide vane opening.

As the sudden decrease of load takes place, the guide vane limit decreases according to that runner blade closes.

Examples of reaction turbines are:Francis turbineKaplan turbine

Kaplan

Francis

Power House

Power house contains the electro mechanicalequipment i.e. hydro power turbine, Generator,excitation system, main inlet valves, transformers,Switchyard, DC systems, governor, bus duct, step uptransformers, step down transformers, high voltagesswitch gears, control metering for protection ofsystems.

The amount of electricity that can be generated by ahydropower plant depends on two factors:• flow rate - the quantity of water flowing in a giventime; and• head - the height from which the water falls.The greater the flow and head, the more electricityproduced.

Flow Rate = the quantity of water flowingHead = the height from which water falls

POWER GENERATION

ADANTAGES OF HYDRO

POWER PLANT

» No fuel charges,» Running cost almost nil,» No stand by losses,» Highly reliable,» Efficiency does not decrease with time,» Construction and operation wise very simple,» Maintenance cost very less,» Starts quickly and synchronizes fast,

DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROPOWER PLANT

o Higher initial cost.o Takes long time of erection.o Plants are setup at distant places so transmission

losses increases.o Totally dependent on the availability of water.o Larger area required,o Period of installation time is high.

CONCLUSION

As I am interested to work in networking and communication field learn a lot at NHPC

Power which is the backbone of our country, almost 33% get lost in transmission.

In my internship I came to know that with the help of IT&C we can reduce AT&C losses.

I have also learnt about the network connectivity at NHPC LTD.

Thank You!!