NHCA 2010 HEARING LOSS PREVENTION TRAINING, NOISE MEASUREMENTS AND AUDIOLOGICAL EXAMS IMPROVES WORK...
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Transcript of NHCA 2010 HEARING LOSS PREVENTION TRAINING, NOISE MEASUREMENTS AND AUDIOLOGICAL EXAMS IMPROVES WORK...
NHCA NHCA 20102010
HEARING LOSS PREVENTION TRAINING, NOISE MEASUREMENTS
AND AUDIOLOGICAL EXAMS IMPROVES WORK CONDITIONS
AMONG INDUSTRIAL FISHERMEN IN THE SOUTH OF BRAZIL
Evelyn AlbizuFundacentro/Ministry of
LaborCuritiba, Paraná, Brazil
NHCA 2010
This presentation reports:
partial findings from AquaForum, a Brazilian Government National Program which included
hearing loss prevention training and education, noise measurements and
audiological testing and
how it contributed to change occupational health practice among fishermen in Brazil.
INTRODUCTIONN
Fishing is:Fishing is: one of the humankind oldest productive activities; one of the humankind oldest productive activities;
one of the most important global economical sectors one of the most important global economical sectors (1% of global workforce); (1% of global workforce);
one of the most dangerous working activities;one of the most dangerous working activities;
responsible for 75% of the all global mortality among responsible for 75% of the all global mortality among workers;workers;
~15 million fishermen are employed aboard fishing ~15 million fishermen are employed aboard fishing vessels operating in the marine capture fisheries, vessels operating in the marine capture fisheries, mostly on mostly on vessels less than 24 meters in length. vessels less than 24 meters in length.
SOURCE: ILO 2009
COMMERCIAL FISHING:COMMERCIAL FISHING:
1.1. Vessels Vessels >> than24 meters in length than24 meters in length: : Industrial FishingIndustrial Fishing
2.2. Vessels Vessels << than 24 meters in length than 24 meters in length: Small-: Small-scale and Artisanal fishingscale and Artisanal fishing
Small-scaleSmall-scale - - use most advanced fishing technology and electronics on board, small fishing craft (high level of income and standard of living)
Artisanal fishing Artisanal fishing -- mostly poor fisherfolk, operate low-investment boats and fishing equipment. Most live in remote, coastal communities where living standards and quality of life keep them at the bottom of the socio-economic pyramid (developing countries)
Source: ILO 2009
BRAZIL
artisanal fishermen (artisanal fishermen (work > than 8 hours/ day, with less than 16 hours of rest and often > than 5 days/week, but they go home everyday): ~ 1.2 million1.2 million (family based economic regime and small vessels);
industrial fishermen industrial fishermen work embarked from 20-30 days/trip, exposed to motorboats noise, hardly any acoustical rest due (1 hour sleep – 4 hours work): 45,00045,000 (employees of industrial fishing companies).
Source: SEAP/PR, 2009
METHODS
Participants were interviewed on medical and
work history, type of vessel used, occupational and non-occupational noise exposure.
Noise measurements were conducted during representative fishing trips.
Audiological tests were conducted after acoustical rest (14 hours).
Lectures were given to the fishermen showing them the results (Training and Education).
Equipments used:
Integrating Sound Level Meter
Noise Dosimeters
Sound Level Measurements
The standard used is based on TWA of 8 hours, 40 hours/week and a PEL of 85 dB (A) for 8 hours of exposure, with both 3 dB and 5 dB exchange rates.
Sound level measurements
Audiological Testing
Pure-tone audiometry (air- 500 Hz- 8 kHz range- and bone conduction) & immitance audiometry
ARTISANAL ARTISANAL FISHERMENFISHERMEN
Audiological Testing
INDUSTRIAL FISHERMENINDUSTRIAL FISHERMEN
RESULTS
Fishermen, artisanal and industrial are exposed to high sound levels –
85 to 114 dB(A) - from motorboats
In both categories:
The working conditions expose them to other unfavorable work factors such as climatic variations, humidity, vibration, sleep deprivation and night work.
2004: NUMBER AND % OF THE AUDIOMETRIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE STUDIED GROUPS
141 male artisanal fishermen
AUDIOMETRIC
CLASSIFICATION
GROUP1
Nº %
GROUP 2
Nº %
GROUP 3
Nº %
GROUP 4
Nº %
CONTROL
Nº %
Normal Bilateral
thresholds < 25 dB HL
10 13.5 1 3.3 12 63.2 5 27.8 67 90.7
High frequency loss 61 82.5 27 90 5 26.3 12 66.7 7 9.3
Other 3 4 2 6.7 2 10.5 1 5.5 0 0
Total 74 100 30 100 9 100 18 100 73 100
GROUP 1: Exposed to high SPL / motorboats, no previous noise exposure;
GROUP 2: Exposed to high SPL / motorboats, with previous noise exposure;
GROUP 3: Not exposed / boats without engines, no previous noise exposure;
GROUP 4: boats without engines and previous noise exposure.
Paini, Morata, Corteletti, Albizu et al., 2009
RESULTSIndustrial Fishermen
Percentage of cases
2007N= 172
%
2008N= 106
%
2009N=84
%
Normal hearing 8 36 33
High frequency HL 58 41 64
Other configurations 34 23 3
TRAINING & EDUCATION
Hearing Loss Prevention
Artisanal fishermen (Paraná): 402 participants (2007 & 2008)
Industrial fishermen (Santa Catarina): 193 participants (2008 & 2009)
LEGISLATIONLEGISLATION C188 Work in Fishing Convention, 2007C188 Work in Fishing Convention, 2007
(revision of Convention 113- Medical Examination, 1959)(revision of Convention 113- Medical Examination, 1959)
Article 11: Each Member shall adopt laws, regulations or other measures providing for:
(a) the nature of medical examinations;
(b) the form and content of medical certificates;
Article 12: On a fishing vessel of 24 meters in length and over, or on a vessel which normally remains at sea for more than three days:
1. The medical certificate of a fisher shall state, at a minimum, that:
(a) the hearing and sight of the fisher concerned are satisfactory for the fisher's duties on the vessel;
IN BRAZILIN BRAZIL
In 2009, due to our findings the Port Authority in Itajaí, a coastal
city inSanta Catarina State, began requiring audiometric testing prior to issuing or
renewing a fishing license.
TEAMTEAM INDUSTRIAL HYGIENEINDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
Evelyn AlbizuEvelyn AlbizuFundacentro/Ministry of Labor, Curitiba, PR, 80030-320 Brazil
Mario Sergio dos SantosMario Sergio dos SantosFundacentro/Ministry of Labor, Florianopolis, SC, 88020-200 Brazil
AUDIOLOGYAUDIOLOGY
Adriana B. Lacerda; Adriana B. Lacerda; Claudia G. O. Gonçalves; Claudia G. O. Gonçalves;
Adriana Betes Heupa;Adriana Betes Heupa;
Department of Communication Disorders, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80710-250, Brazil
SPECIAL THANKSSPECIAL THANKS
AUDIOLOGISTS AUDIOLOGISTS
20042004
Michele Paini & Lorayne Santos
- Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná
20072007
Simone RoggiaSimone Roggia – Universidade Vale do Itajaí
Sandie Poulin and Julie BarilSandie Poulin and Julie Baril – University of Montreal
Karlin KlagenbergKarlin Klagenberg – Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná
20092009
Fabiane Paulin, Milena Raquel Iantas, Patricia Schiniski, Fabiane Paulin, Milena Raquel Iantas, Patricia Schiniski, Rebecca TorquatoRebecca Torquato – Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná
SPECIAL THANKSSPECIAL THANKS
SANTA CATARINA STATE FISHERMEN UNION
SITRAPESCA - Sindicato do Trabalhadores das Empresas de Pesca de Santa Catarina
ARTISANAL FISHERMEN ASSOCIATION OF PARANÁ
Colônias de Pescadores do Litoral do Paraná
MEDICAL EXAMS:
Deborah Cristina Farchadi – Geneva- Switzerland
Patricia Piaskowy – Universidade Positivo/Paraná
SPECIAL THANKSSPECIAL THANKS
Thais C. MorataThais C. MorataNIOSH/ Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
REFERENCES
International Labour Office. Conditions of work in the fishing sector. Report V. 2004; 92nd Session. Geneva: International Labour Office.
ILO - http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/techmeet/tmfi99/tmfir1.htm#Employment access in 02/04/2010
ILO - http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/techmeet/tmfi99/
tmfir1.htm#Small-scale and artisanal fisherfolk access in 02/04/2010
Paini MC, Morata TC, Corteletti LJ, Albizu E, Marques JM, Santos L. Audiological findings among workers from Brazilian small scale fisheries. Ear and Hearing. 2009 Feb; 30 (1): 8-15.
QUESTIONS ?
[email protected] by Nicky Albizu