Nfhk2011 wed parallel1 lotta_omma
-
Upload
nfhk2011 -
Category
Health & Medicine
-
view
196 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Nfhk2011 wed parallel1 lotta_omma
Young Sami in Sweden – Health and living condition
Lotta Omma leg psykolog/leg psykoterapeut
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
Sápmi (Samiland))
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
One people in four countries-the Kola Peninsula in Russia
- northernmost Finland
- the coastal and inland region of northern Norway
-parts of Sweden from middle to the north.
Indigenous peoples The global population of indigenous peoples is estimated at 400 million in 70 countries.Most indigenous peoples are to be found in Asia.
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
Most indigenous peoples are to be found in Asia.
How many are The Sámi people?
There are around 70,000 -100,000 Sámi.
• 25,000 in Sweden.
• 40,000 in Norway.
• 6,000 in Finland.
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
• 6,000 in Finland.
• 2,000 in Russia.
These numbers are only estimations . In Sweden there are probably 45,000 to 50,000
The Swedish state did not officially recognize the Sámi as an indigenous people until 1977
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
Before the Sámi were incorporated into the national states, they had organised their society into “siidas” (groups of families). These siiddas had set boundaries, and hunting and fishing
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
had set boundaries, and hunting and fishing rights were divided up within each siidda.
551 Samebyar (sami village)
• There are more than 4,500 reindeer-owners in Sweden.
• There are around 230,000 reindeers in Sweden.
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
• There are around 230,000 reindeers in Sweden.
• The reindeer herding area covers around 40% of Sweden's land surface.
Purpose
• The aim of this study is to investigate how it is to be a young Sami in Sweden with special reference to mental health and the
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
special reference to mental health and the relations to experience of being bad treated because of ethnicity and socio-demographic background factors.
• Compare within the group and between the Sami youth and other groups .
Method
A qualitative part:
Dialogues and discussions with young Sámi people
A quantitative part:
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
A quantitative part:
- A questionnaire was sent out to 880 people in the age of 18 to 28, response rate 517 (59%)
-121 schoolchildren aged 13-18 year answered a questionnaire in school
The Qustionaire consist of several domains
- Socio-demographic factors
- Experience of discrimination because of ethnicity
- Enculturation factors
- Sense of coherence and self-perception
- Health
- AUDIT, (The Alcohol Use Disorders
Identification Test) screening for ”at risk
drinking”
- Suicide behavior
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
18-28 year
What are you doing for your daily living?
• 62 % are working, 33 % are studying
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
• 1,9 % unemployed or sick
• 2,3 % are occupied in program for unemployed
Connection with traditional ways of living “ factors of enculturation”
• 10 % were reindeer herders
• 71 % in the older group have near contact with some “Sameby” and the traditional way of living with reindeer herding, fishing, hunting or
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
with reindeer herding, fishing, hunting or handicraft making
• 78 % in the younger group had near contact with some “Sameby”
Enculturation factors
26 % understand and speak Sami (18-28 year)
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
81 % understand Sami (13-18 year)
68 % talk Sami (13-18 year)
Have you been unfair treated by your teachers because you are a Sami?
• 15 % in the older group (18-28 year) answered “yes”
• 25 % in the younger group (13-18year) answered
“yes”
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
“yes”
• 38 % of the reindeer herders answered “yes”
Have you heard teachers talking about the Sami people in a bad way?
• 25 % answer ”Yes” in the older group and 16 % in the
younger group
• 42 % of the reindeer herders answer “yes”
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
• Have other people treated you bad because you are
a Sami?
• 45 % answer ”Yes” in both groups
• 70 % of the reindeer herders answered “yes”
If you or your parents asked for ”home language ” education in Sami, have you get it ?
• 36 % answered no (18-28)
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
• In Sweden there is a law that give the Sami people right to get education in their native language.
To explain or defend the sami culture
• Have you been asked to explain about the Sámi culture?44 % often
46 % sometimes
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
46 % sometimes
• Have you been forced to defend the Sámi culture or the Sámi way of living?32 % often50 % sometimes
Health
All statements have four respons alternatives
NEARLY ALWAYS
OFTEN
SELDOM
VERY SELDOM / NOT AT ALL
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
I feel healthy
97,8 % of the Males and 93,6 % of Females
• answered often/nearly always
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
Hälsa
I sleep well
• 95,5 % of the Males and 87,2 % of the Females
answered nearly always/ often
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
Hälsa
I am in a good mood
• 94,5 % of the Males and 89,8 % of the Females
nearly always/ often
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
Hälsa
I feel calm and relaxed
• 87,3 % of Males and 75,9 % of the Females
• nearly always/ often
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
Hälsa
I look forward with joy
• 94,1% of the Males and 92,5% of the Females
nearly always/ often
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
I feel sad and depressed
• 10,0 % of the Males and 24,2 % of the Femalesanswered nearly always/ often
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
Hälsa
I worry about thingsnearly always or often
• Male 29,4 % Female 53,4 %
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
I have a headache
• 4,6 % of the Males and 13,2 % of the Females answered rather often/very often
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
I feel irritatednearly always or oftenMale 14,1 % Female 18,3 %
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
Hälsa
I have enough time for doing things I need to do
• 61,4 % of the Males and 58,3 % of the Females
nearly always/ rather often
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
Sense of Coherence
I believe I can have influence in life.
Not at all Very much
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
mean = 8,5
Identity / selfperception
• I am satisfied with my life situationVery often/ often; Male 91,6 % Female 83,1 %
• I have somebody to talk to about important issues Very often/ often; Male 88,0 % Female 93,4 %
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
Very often/ often; Male 88,0 % Female 93,4 %
• I have a good relation to my family• Very often/ often ; Male 98,2 % Female 94,5 %
• I feel safeVery often/ often; Male 95,8 % Female 90,8 %
• The reindeer herders don´t feel safe in the same degree as others
• They don´t feel participatory in important decisions regarding their situation in the same decisions regarding their situation in the same degree
• They don´t have somebody to talk to about important subjects in the same degree
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
• I think about the meaning of my life very often or rather often
Male 50,3 %, Female 63,7 %
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
As more explicit Sámi ethnicity as more perceived discrimination
• If you talk the native language
• If you are a reindeer herder
• If you had near contact with any Sameby
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
Diretive from The Swedish Social Department. Folkhälsa- Lägesrapport 2006• High consumption of alcohol:
• Men 3,5 bottles of wine or 10 tins strong beer/ week
• Women 2,5 bottles wine or 7 tins strong beer/ week
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
• Middle consumption:
• Men 2-3,5 bottles wine/ week
• Women 1-2,5 bottles wine/week
• Intense consumption; to drink more than 18 cl liquer, 1 bottles of wine or 4 tins strong beer at the same time.
HRQL (Health Related Quality of life)Kidscreen-52
Psysical Wellbeing
Psychological Wellbeing
Moods & Emotions
Social SupportSocial Support
Parents Relations and Homelife
Selfperception
Free Time
School Environment
Bullying
Financial Resourses
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
aAssociation between Health Related Quality of Life and bad treatment in Sami school children (13-18 years)
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
Risk consumption of alcohol has increased in Sweden
• Risk consummation depends on
-How often you drink alcohol- How many glasses you are drinking
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
- How many glasses you are drinking- How often you are drinking 6 glasses or more at the same time- How often you are drinking to get drunk
Your Alcohol Habits
How often are you drinking alcohol ?
11 % never
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
38 % once a month or more seldom
44 % 2-4 times/month
7 % 2-3 times/week
1 % 4 times/week or more
Not so many risk-drinkers
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
Have you had thoughts about committing suicide, even if you could not do it? H
• 12 % of the men often or sometimes have thoughts
23 % of the women often or sometimes have thoughts.
• To compare with
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
• To compare with
13 % of the men and 20 % of the women (16-29 year) in a
Swedish study have sometimes in life had thoughts about
killing themselves. (Folkhälsoinstitutets nationella
undersökning 2007)
Suicide behaviour
Have you ever tried to commit suicide?
• 3 % men and 7 % women answer Yes.
• In a national study by The Swedish Institute of Public
Health.(2007)
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
Health.(2007)
4 % of the men and 6 % of the women answer Yes
Din syn på självmord
There is a risk to rise thoughts of suicide in a person if you ask if he/she have thoughts about suicide..
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
• 1% agreed completely
• 4% viewed on the whole
• 33% not sure it depends
• 26% agreed not completely
• 35 % agreed not at all
Open questions
• What are for you most important in the sami culture?
• In the older group two third of the youth
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
• In the older group two third of the youth answered the Sami language and to save it/ the reindeers and the ability to go on with reindeer herding.
Your future?
I want to change my life …………………
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
What worries you most about the future?
What do you think you are you doing in five year?
• The Swedish state has not yet ratified ILO Convention 169 regarding the rights of indigenous peoples. The Government says it wants to clarify all the consequences before
Lotta Omma, leg psykolog
wants to clarify all the consequences before taking a decision. As a result, the Sami are still waiting.