Next-left Vol III

8/2/2019 Next-left Vol III

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Wi o ewo d :Al ed G se a e

Edi ed :E s S e eKa l D ek

A ia Sk ek

TOWARDS A NEW STRATEGY


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Foreword

8 Next Le t: towards a newstrategy E s StEttEr, Ka l Du EK a dA ia SKrzypEK

13 The progressive Europewe seek Al ed GuSEnbAuEr

our values in achanging world

a

76 The historical dimension o thele tist values: the perspectives o social progress beyond the exitstrategyA ila Gh

82 Encounter with the past, presentand uture. Thesis or a debateDaa AI ILOVI

r k k

94 Equality: values and realityKla s MEhrEnS

98 For a re ormist Le troc o MArtnEz-SAMpErE

107 The meaning o solidarity in

times o crisisA e JuGnAru

n

116 A strategy or solidarity tim hOrtOn a d S de KAtWALA

124 The case or lling brainswith equalityE ic SunDStrM

responding tocontemporary society

n

24 Future challenges or therenovation o social democracy I e e rAMOS-VIELbA

30 New challenges or socialdemocracy lessons romthe NetherlandsCa e i e E. de VrIES

w ,

38 Tackling populism to regain people La e bOuVEt

42 Social democracy and public debatein a post communist contextJa Ern

B

50 A new pact against socialpolarisation?re CupEruS

56 Individualism and social democracyin post communist Europe

lo i AbrAhAM

64 Progressive governance andsocial democracyGeo ge SIAKAntArIS

a new progressivesocio-economic paradigm

t

134 Crisis as opportunity:strengthening the core identity.Taking new paths Ge o MAA a d Ja niklas EnGELS

142 The global crisisGe a o ACquAVIVA

145 Di erence or indi erence? On thecrisis o mainstream economics andEuropean progressive movementsCa lo DIppOLItI

F b

160 A paradigm shi t in the economicdebate bringing politics back intoeconomicsKajsa bOrGnS

166 Towards new governancetools or Europes un nishedmonetary unionbj hACKEr

INdex


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e

176 Stable work as the bedrock or more socio economic

security pa l de bEEr

180 In search o a new employmentparadigm: is fexicurity theanswer?Dimi is tSArOuhAS

187 Equality without inhibition:opportunities and socialmobilityCa les rIVErA

Next Le t Towards a new strategyFirst published in Belgium in 2011 By FEPS - Foundationfor European Progressive Studies.

Editors of the Next Leftseries:Dr. E.Stetter, Mag. K.D ek,Dr. A.Skr ypek

Designed by: Ogilvy Belgium

Copyright FEPS Foundation for European ProgressiveStudies and Renner Institut

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall notby way of trade or otherwise be lent, resold, hired out, orotherwise circulated without the publishersprior consentin writing in any form of binding or cover other than that in

what it is published and without a similar condition beingimposed on the subsequent purchaser.

ISBN 978-3-85464-033-2

This book represents not the collective views of FEPSbut only the opinions of the respective authors. Theresponsibility of FEPS is limited to approving its publi-cation as worthy of consideration within the Europeanprogressive movement.

moBilising internationalsolidarity

r b

200 Mobilizing European labourmovement or internationalsolidarityJe s OrbACK

213 Labour and globalisationI gema LInDbErG

226 How Socialists could build aprogressive alliance with aninternational civil societyCo rEutEr

d

236 Thinking about tomorrowsinternational solidarityCosimo WInKLEr

247 Global environmental crisis andinternational solidarity tom pEtEK

a b

258 Global governance in crisis:towards a cosmopolitan socialdemocracy?pa ick DIAMOnD

265 European economic governance:what re orms are to be expectedand what are needed?A d ew WAtt

279 The answer is politics.A progressive approach toglobal challenges t i idad nOGuErA

Biographies

Feps puBlications


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Foreword1


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9Foreword

I o e s e wo d c isis i a o la i e e sea c e gi e, wi i e s 15 seco dse e will e mo e a al a millia d ma c es o d. t e e e o co i o sl da ed

we si es, w ic desc i e: e ece glo al c isis (i i s a cial, eco omic, social a d

ecological dime sio s); edicame o e E o ea u io (as a as o socio eco omicala d oli ical a eas o e Comm i s ac ivism a e co ce ed); a d o e e less eexcessive c isis o democ ac (visi le i g owi g de ac me o ci i e s a d e wo ld o i s i io s o o e a d, a d a clea move o oli ics i o e s ee s o e o e ). I ose

ea s o ove all i sec i , i e io i a d i i a io i seems co e e a social democ aci sel s e s a i c edi le calami . Co se e l losi g elec io s ac oss e E o eaco i e , dec easi g i mem e s i m e s a d di g i di c l o old e li ks wia a e s, social democ ac aces mo e a a c alle ge o e a o e cas al e ewal. I s

e de e ds o i s a ili o ei ve i sel o e 21s ce . O e ma sa a e wo ldwill eve e e same a e s c a disas e , as i ex e ie ces owada s. t e same o e mawo de , i social democ ac will e i e e a all.

t e gloom ic e s o ld, o mea , disco age e o s o c alle ge e e d. Oco a , socialism was o o o co vic io a e domi a o de ma e c a ged a d

a e co di io s o eo les exis e ce ma im ove. I e co em o a ci c ms a ces,w ic m s eve all i d ce a dema d o a new (m l idime sio al) Deal, e e is a c a ce

o e E o ea social democ ac o evise, e o m la e a d e es a lis i sel as a d ivi go ce o e ew ce . t is ook Next Le t Towards a New Strategy ese s a a d l o

s im la i g ideas, w ic ma i s i e og essives a d e co age em o s cceed i eiis o ical e deavo .

t e ma e ial ga e ed e e e ec s a ea lo g ocess o esea c , o w ic es l secame a solid ase o e ec io a d de a es o e E o ea level. t e oi o de a e

is di e e a e o e i vol me I o e nex Le Se ies (Renewing social democracy.Contributions to a pan-European debate ., EpS 2009). t e la e o e was mo e a diag osis o

e a ic la ove all de e mi a s a d ow olic c oices, w ic s im la ed e c isis o

social democ ac . t e collec io we ese ow goes e o d i , s owi g a i ellec alevol io om a e ec io o ca ses o a deli e a io o o e ial ege e a io sce a

e mo e, w a makes e collec io i e is a i i cl des a e s og eoli icia s, academics a d ex e s om seve al Eu Mem e S a es. t ei ex e ise a d o oo c o ideas a social democ a ic a ies ma wis o develo o di e e level

(domes ic a d i e a io al), omo i g simila l e esis a e emed o co emco i e al social democ ac de e ds o i s a ili o E o ea i e a d glo ali e i sel .

nex Le towa ds a new S a eg o e s wi a o ewo d e nex Le s C aAl ed GuSEnbAuEr. e , e vol me is divided i o o C a e s: Responding toContemporary Society , Our Values in a Changing World , A New Socio-Economic Paradigm a dMobilizing or International Solidarity . t ese i les o o l co es o d o e emes o e

es ec ive EpS nex Le oc s G o mee i gs, as s c ca a i dica io w ic a ew age da o og essive a ies co ld e il o . Addi io all , eve C ae com asses ee s sec io s eac , w ic i dica e e majo eads o e evisiode a e. Co e e l o dive se o les o e a o s a d ei va io s ex e ise, e sa d e o e o e es ec ive ex s di e : om lo ge ela o a io s o s o a d s a eme s; a d om eo e ical deli e a io s o co c e e olic ecomme da io s. dive si is a ve i e es i g c a ac e is ic o is ook i i sel . I e ec s e anex Le resea c p og amme, w ic em aces o goi g de a es led di e e ac o s

o a io al a d E o ea levels.

t e C a e Responding to Contemporary Society oc ses o c alle ges a og essivesm s delive a a swe o i o de o egai i e es , s o a d c edi ili wi i msocie ies. t i g o ide i New Challenges ahead I e e rAMOS VIELbA a g es a o o l

e message o social democ ac will eed o e e amed o add ess ge e a io al c a ge also e e is a eed o a ew e o leade w o ca eac o o o o di a e

as also o o e ial a e s. t is is i dis e si le, as a ew D amic (Wel a e) S a e emo ili a io o a oad og essive allia ce. Ca e i e de VrIES ag ees, a a clea messis i deed eeded, as e majo i o vo e s seem o ave los ei a ide i ca ios o s e a g me asocial democracy can only attract voters i it presents (.) societal concerns through socio-economic lens . S e o oses e e o e a e c l al iss esco ec ed wi m l ic l alism s o ld e e o e co sis e l ecome a a o e eco omic a eal.

La e bOuVEt s a es e co ce a social democ ac is o lo ge e ceived as moveme a is ca a le o s a e e e. he a g es a e co ec i g wi eo

e co e missio o social democ ac , es eciall w e i se io sl wis es o com a g owi

Next Left : towards a new strategy


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11Foreword

o lism. t ese ema ks o e e sec io With the people, or the people, i w ic e oJa Ern a al ses o e ial wa s o eac i g o o eo le a d com a i g i divid alis ic

e avio s. he a g es a e li k will o l e e l c io al, i e ela io s asocie a e o e m al, ased o es ec a d o ligi g o e sides. he de li es a s ca ela io s i e i es mo e e o s a d e s o e m s a eg o al e i g olicies o olls will

ave o e a a do ed.

t e co s a al e a io s, o a e maki g e big Ada a io a i ci le is also a co ceo re CupEruS, w ose ex aves e wa o Building air societies. he a g es a i o de

o l es o d o aBroken Society o the Le t, a new social deal, a new pact wi a new idea o progressa e eeded. lo i AbrAhAM ag ees wi is o esis, i gi g i o e s o ligs eci c ci c ms a ces o social democ ac i e Ce al a d Eas e E o e. I is a icle, e

is calli g o asecond wave o democratization. t e e e e ce o e co e i ci les o e og essive moveme is ese i almos a lle co i io s. neve eless i is i ac e s se e C a e Our values in a changing

world a s eci call o c es o ow e de s a di g o em as evolved. A ila Ghi od ces a ca ego i a io o asic val es ( og ess a d solida i ), co e val es (democ aca d ma ke eco om ) a d leadi g val es (social og ess). S owi g o e co c e e exam leo e Eus Lis o S a eg a d Eu 2020, e s gges s a i e ew 12 mem e s a es, eLe s e ewal de e ds o i i is a le o e s e e e s ec ives owa ds a ove all social

og ess. S eaki g also a o A strong history to emerge rom, Daa AI ILOVI advoca eso ei e e a io o e ali , solida i , socie al j s ice a d eace. rei s i i g ose is

i dis e si le i o de o ex ose e li es o ideological dive ge ce e wee ig a d le .

I e sec io Rethinking our work , Kla s MEhrEnS, rocio MArtnEz SAMpErE a d A eJuGnAru e ec o ow o se e ede ed val es i mode oli ics. MEhrEnS makes a

oi a e ali s all e de s ood as a ma e o em owe me . he ce e alo o i ies s all e e s ed via lic olicies o eve o e a d a all e li e s ages.MArtnEz aises i ci les o re ormism, open-mindness and dynamism , s a i g a co vic io

a reedom, equality and solidarity are the values that call or actions avoring change.JuGnAru ses a exam le o c e si a io i roma ia o s ow a i c isis solida i ismos ecessa .

S de KAtWALA a d tim hOrtOns a icle o e s e sec io New progressive values. t e a o s oc s o e lic e ce io o e og essive val es a d o la a i de o

e co ce s a e com ass ei eali a io , s c as e wel a e s a e. to a swe oco ce s a d o es, e o osea new system o participatory bene ts. Also E ic SunStrMdema ds og essives o ake a s e ack a d o e visage ow e vo e s e ceive ei

age da. his emed o e c isis o e le is ocombine modern research on how tocommunicate with a strong message on equality . Geo ge SIAKAntArIS also a g es a es ccess o social democ ac ow a d i e e elies o i s ca aci o a al se a

de s a d ow e wo ld is c a gi g a d ow i ese ew ci c ms a ces i ca de elic i e es mos e ec ivel .

t e deli e a io s o e e al o o i ies ovisio , a d e ce co di io o wel as a e i e c isis imes i s i ed Ge o MAA a d Ja niklas EnGELS o e ec o owage da o g ow a d jo s ca s ill emai a eali g o e o ges ge e a io o vo t e assess, a e e is a eed o auture-proo growth plana d is ema ks o e s es se e C a e A New Socio-Economic Paradigm. Also Ge a o ACquAVIVA a d Ca loDIppOLItI, w ose a icles com le e is sec io Crisis as an opportunity , e call o i ve io

o a ew develo me model ased o og essive i ci les a d c alle gi g e eo li e amai s eami g eco om .

I o de o develo a ew co ce , i e sive esea c a d lic de a es a e eeded. KajsbOrGnS ecog i es a social democ ac m s do mo e odemocratize the economic debate a d o wa d a s eci c a al e a will el ede i g i s ow ela io o ca i alism.hACKEr seco ds e i e a g me a io , addi g e E o ea com o e o e de a e,also seve al o e eleme s a s ow e a adigm s i From wel are to well-being.

t e sec io Employment and participation closes is C a e . I i , pa l de bEEr de ese val e o la o i a co em o a wo ld. his a g me s evolve o mis ake diag ose

la ge exi ili co ld o e iall ge e a e mo e em lo me a d e ce os e ia eals o og essives o e o i s oo s a d emai ai l o e dece wo kDimi is tSArOuhAS e ds o ag ee wi de bEEr, calli g exic i a com le ed ojea d emi di g o w e e e ala ce e wee exi ili a d sec i s o ld lie. i all , CarIVErA exami es la o ma ke om e a gle o e al o o i ies a d o e ial somo ili , li ki g e iss e o legi imac o og essives o osals wi e ec ive ess

ai ess o edis i ive olicies.

t e las C a e o e vol me is e i les Mobilising International Solidarity a d e e s oa c alle ge o ow o ild a glo alised, cosmo oli a social democ ac . I e sec ioRebuilding Our Movement Je s OrbACK, I gema LInDbErG a d Co rEutEr o ose

es ec ive lis o iss es a call o ge sol io s, a d same ime ca a mo ili i g oas a as lic o i io is co ce ed. t e i e i a o i io a i e a io alism is a c

a o e og essive DnA a d a es eciall E o ea social democ ac s o ld alwa s all e availa le ools o im leme is i ci le i ac io s.

Cosimo WInKLEr a d tom pEtEK aim a assessi g ow co em o a de s a di g


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13Foreword

o i e a io alism di e s om e o e a was oclaimed a e moveme s o da io s.I e Sec io De ning Solidarity WInKLEr looks a evol io o e develo me oliciesa d ow e eed o s ill e al e ed, o ma c e i e a io al solida i i ci le o o eside a d e ew i e a io al o de o e o e . pEtEK e ec s o ow og essivesco ld s cceed i i co o a i g ew iss es i o ei age da, ovi g e s o g li ks e weesocio eco omic a d e vi o me al c isis.

A m e o o g s ow o eco ec wi e socie also o g e i e a io alis sage da closes e vol me. t a c ea es a idge wi e s c a e s a d e s es a eideas develo ed i is ook s m i o a ll s a ed o osal. I e sec io Active global governance pa ick DIAMOnD o oses wa s i w ic e ce e le ca ecome cosmo oli a a d a s a io al, w ic will e a le i o ac e ec ivel a all levels om local o glo al.

A d ew WAtt goes i o de ail o w a ki d o eco omic gove a ce is eeded a d s o ld ei d ced om e Eu. t i idad nOGuErA a g es o a ema ci a io o social democ aci sel om i s is o ical com lexes a d o em a ki g o a i e a io al missio wi ao jec ive o omo e ew wo ld o de ased o e m l ila e alism.

Next Le t Towards a New Strategy ovides a solid s esis o e majo di gs o enex Le resea c p og amme, w ic was eali ed EpS wi e ki d s o o re eI s i i ea 2010. t e a icles ela e mos l o e mee i gs o e oc s G o a ook

lace i b ssels a d ga e ed mo e a 150 academics a d ex e s om ac oss e co i e .neve eless e also ec o e c cle o e 14 o d a les a EpS eld i es ec ive Eumem e s a es a ks o e coo e a io wi i s mem e o da io s, a d i w ic i volvedove 2000 a ici a s. he ewi we wo ld like o ex ess o si ce e g a i de o all ei divid als a d o ga i a io s a made i ossi le a d o all o e o s o i gi g o ea d s o e e o social democ ac , we dedica e is ook . t e nex Le towa ds anew S a eg c alle ges ese do s wi a o e o igi a i g i a me o s co s c ive

o osals o a s ccess l ei ve io .

Dr. Ernst STETTEREpS Sec e a Ge e al

Mag. Karl DUFFEK Di ec o o re e I s i a d EpS Vice p eside

Dr. Ania SKRZYPEK EpS polic Adviso

The progressive Europe we seek

S ccessive elec io s ac oss e co i e , as well as va io s s ve s co d c ed aE o ea level, seem o i dica e a e de c o ola i a io o views amo g e o la i t is ela es, s l , o oli ical mi d se a d a i des owa ds oli ics, a d seco dl

im o a E o ea ide i is o ci i e s o e mem e s a es. As a as e la e is cis s i g, six i e es o de s decla ed a ei g E o ea is eleva o em, w il

i e s a ed a i did o ma e a all. I e es i gl e o g e E o was amed (democ a ic val es, geog a , commo is o a d commo c l e) as e mos elevaco s c o e se se o elo gi g o e Eu.

I ei g a ci i e o e E o ea u io comes ac oss as s c a mea i g l co cew is a e da ce a E o ea elec io s dec easi g? As a aside, i is wo o i g a

o i 2009 amo ed o o l wo i ds o ose w o old E o ea ide i deaall mea s, is vo e s e avio s o ld e see as a i dica io o a o la dema d oc a ge, es eciall w e laced i e la ge co ex o g owi g m e o osdisill sio ed a d dissa is ed, w o ave ake ei disa oi me o o e s ee s E o ea ca i als wi i e las ea . b is o e s o ld o ass me a e o esMad id, A e s, pa is o Lo do co ld e easil classi ed as e same. no a all, as e

ake lace i di e e ci c ms a ces, a e mo iva ed di e e a ic la co ce s mee wi es ec ivel dive se eac io s. neve eless, e s o ld all e see as aim o a message os ed o oli icia s socie . t e c e o de ma o co i

ew civic deal is ge l eeded.

Wi i e nex Le we s a ed o e ec io ocess i J e 2009, i e a ee E o ea elec io s. t e i i ial es io waswhy did social democracy per ormed as

poorly as it did? t e a o eme io ed low o , oge e wi e mos agme eE o ea pa liame eve a eme ged om e vo e, we e s se e o se va iolig o e de a es, i ecame a a e a e es io is mo e com lica ed asim le sea c o e ca ses o a elec o al de ea . t e co di io i w ic og essives

emselves is a a o a is o ical c isis o a i e a io al scale as a as eco omic, a


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15Foreword

social a d democ a ic a a geme s o all e levels a e co ce ed. t e am i io s ask e e o e ecame o go e o d e commo c i ical eval a io o e elec o al es l s.

t e we e o o g l a d ex a s ivel a al ed wi i e s ea o e ocess. t eassig me a e nex Le oc s G o as ide i ed i s ead was o a e ake ac alle ge a d em a k o a de a e o w a e e o social democ ac s o ld ea o . Wi a a oac e oc s G o co scio sl c alle ged e ove w elmi g a dex e ded essimism o ose, w o i o imes see o l os e a. t e commo elie was

a e e is a eed o ge e a e i ellec al im lses o a o o d e ewal a wo ldake social democ ac i o e 21s ce a d wo ld, w ile ede i g i s missio , e s e

a i is s ill a le o s a e e e o all.

Looki g a e si a io om di e e a gles, e academics a d ex e s ga e ed i e

amewo k o e EpS nex Le resea c p og amme, ave o m la ed seve al sig i cao osals. t e o c o di e e s e es (ideological ase, o e ial mode a adigms,

s eci c a io al a d i e a io al olicies) a d di e e levels ( om local o glo al). W a isi e a o e m l i ace ed o e ial age da a eme ges i e lig o ei s gges io s

is i s i e disci li a c a ac e a e com assed dive se views om ac oss e co i e s. t o g e e a e a all di e e ces i o i io s, e e is clea l a commo oi , w ic Iwo ld like o ig lig e e. t e j c io o e va io s oads a d a s e nex Le

esea c e s a d dis a s o ose is: E o e.

I is e e o e e co e a g me a e e aissa ce o og essivism is i se a a le ome evi ali a io o E o e, w ic s o ld e de s ood o as a idealis ic co ce , as a

oli ical missio a d as a civic ojec . E o e eeds o ecome e s a d co e e e e ceoi o co i e al social democ ac i s o ld ede e ei missio s o jec ives a d

s o ld ecome e s age o ei oli ical ac io s. A e same ime, E o e m s e give aew se se a d i is e og essives w o m s ske c a ew visio o e Eu. I m s eold, o wa d looki g a d well oo ed i a eali o e ew ce a d e ew wo ld a

eme ged i i . O l a co ageo s a oac calli g o a d ami g wo sim l a eo s e ewals o E o e a d o social democ ac ca e s e e e d a ce o o .

O e ca ask E o e a d social democ ac a e i ac eeded. t e a swe is as com lexas i is sim le: eca se o a e a o socie al og ess a i e s i i o val es s c as

ai ess e s e sec i , os e i a d develo me o all. I is e o d a do a a dask o a g e o i i ese imes, w e eo le look o wa d wi ea a d a ge . p og essives

m s lea ow o idge e g a d, is o ical ideas a d e eve da wo ies o o di aci i e s. b e ke lies i social democ ac di g o i sel a ew o m la a will eade a e o e co em o a imes a d will ees a lis em as e movemeor , by a dwith eo le i E o e.

e b

t e e a e a a d l o easo s a co ld e amed o s o e esis a a eo E o e is a is o ical ecessi . Ove six ea s a e i s es a lis me , i is o eg a ed, see as some i g a as exis ed a d e ce will co i e o do so. t e e a e wiss es i a ic la a make e u io a so ce o ese me o i s ci i e s.

O o e side, i s doi gs a e oo a i all me wi seve e c i icism om oli icia s jo alis s. b ssels, ei g e comm i s s m ol, as ecome a eas a ge o so is icco dem a io a d is e e l idic led ose, w o e jo e o less dis a ageme . tove c i ical ema ks emai ca c a d ei o m la io s a es ei es ec ive a

ecessi o s ow a la ge ic e. I does o e i e ex lai i g a di ec io s a d ovie e is a osi ive im ac a E o e as i all e domai o i s ci i e s lives. t e c

disa oval a is mos commo l ex essed owa ds e comm i a ia olicies is a d de ea wi a a ma ive, e a e also com lex, message.

O e o e a d, E o e s ill emai s e a e a o i e gove me alism, o w ica io al leade s e d o ex ei m scles. t e claim a e de e d ecore matters o

sovereignty , w ic a e o e o eve ecisel de ed o i eed o o ec io . t is ela ese co em o a e vi o me o 24 o s a io al media a is a se i g i w

se sa io alism a ddivisive cove age sells es . As a og ess i E o ea a ai s e ico se s s amo g s a es a d is a lo g e m ocess, i is a dl eve i e ews w a

ee ac ieved i is alwa s a es io w a was de e ded o eve mo e, gai ed si g la ac o s i e ego ia io o ds.

I ese ci c ms a ces, i d ced o oli icia s a d ess, i does o a ea o g ea s ise a ve ew, i a , emem e a e E o ea Comm i was esas a e o ie ed ojec ased o ce ai val es. I was i lace o e s e eacedemoc ac . I s co s c io was aimed a i e li ki g s a es i a wa a coo e a io

o deadl com e i io was e o l o io o wa d. t is de s a di g o e se se o i ed E o e as ee com omised. to egi wiis is ecisel w a eeds o e e ieved social democ a s. I is, o co se, also e io

c alle ge i ei ow ideological e ewal o ede e val es, i ci les a d a sla e ei o ei ow ac al olicies. Li ki g e wo ocesses is a vi all im o a ma e , asa e o a s ac co ce s a ca e deli ea ed i a s e ile, eo e ical amewo k. t e

e i e e ed so a e i o e eali a og essives live a d wis o acco di gl . t e m s ecome agai e dame als a d e mo al com ass. t eii e e a io m s e clea l dis i c ive om e e ce io o o e s, a d e ce esolid ase o a al e a ive o olicies a o e oli ical o io s ma o ose o E o


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17Foreword

t e iss e emai s o o l e c alle ge o ami g e val es a d eadj s i g eieadi g o co em o a imes. t e c alle ge emai s o i e li k em i a co e e

w ole, i w ic a e a e m all s o ive a d a e logical co se e ces o o ea o e . O l o g co sis e c ca o e aim a eclaimi g e e oga ive o i e e a io a d e ce s o o i s com a i le ac io s. t e e a e ee classical val es,

a o igi a e om e e c revol io a d ma se ve as a exam le o ow eideological ase co ld e se as a as a og essive visio o E o e is co ce ed. t esea e eedom, e ali a d solida i .

e

Co em o a E o ea socie is a com lica ed co ex o de i g a o ese. I asecome a dive se socie , com osed o eo le o va ied o igi s a d elie s. t ese ede e

e wa e de s a d val es. t e me gi g o di e e c l es a d a i s, some o emmo e dis a a o e s, es l s i ic ess, i evi a l also i e sio s. he ce, i is o asim le, o e dime sio al es io o ow o ild a socie , i w ic all e all e jo li ea d a e same ime emai devo ed o e asis o w ic ei comm i ies a ees a lis ed. I is o vio s a a commo e o o all is i dis e sa le i o de o s cceed. boa e local level, also o e E o ea ojec o e seve e, develo a d o is . b io de o eel a le o joi , eve o e m s e eass ed a e do so ei g es ec ed a d

de s ood as a as ei es ec ive lace i is socie a d as i a io s o adva ce a eco ce ed.

t is is o e case i E o ea socie owada s. toda , eig o s ecomes a ge s a d o eig e s ecome e emies. bo de co ol ma ave ee li ed,

o da ies wi i e socie ies ecame s ic e . Di e e ce as ecome ega ive.nowada s, eo le a e mo e o e o acce i g im o ed goods a d e jo i g a eemoveme o commodi ies, a e a e o welcome o e e so s, w ic is i a la ge

a a co se e ce o ee moveme o eo le wi i e same la o ma ke . t e vese se o eedom as ee de mi ed. t is s ows e disas o s co osio o E o easocie . na all , e mo e divisio s dee e amo g eo le e less a se se o comm i ca e ac ieved.

Em owe me o e a le o c ose a d o o i o c oose eel e a s a leado a e e li e a d e so al l llme s o ld ecome ig s o all. t e o l co s ai o is

is e ge e al se o les o e social co ac o w ic E o e, s a es a d socie ies a eased. t e ela io e wee o eedoms a d les is e ke o e a li g co em o a

E o ea socie o eak ee om i s sc isms a d o ias.

e q

Mo eove , e ali as ee c alle ged, es eciall i e a e ma o e c isis. Ia io al disco se, i is ve o e de a ed owada s a e e m s e a ala ce e w

e ig s a d d ies, e ce o o i ies a d co i io s. t e em asis o di g e ili i m comes om a c e l evaili g disco se, acco di g o w ic e co

o a calami is ca sed a e a ove s e di g o wel a e a eo li e al oI is e ea ed a e e is o lo ge a ossi ili o ovide ali se vices acco d

o e i ci le o ive salism. Social democ a s m s g s c a g me s, o a de e sive s a e o ie ed a oac , o g s owi g a visio o a E o ea wels a e.

Social og ess a d social em owe me m s ecome a E o ea o io s. Socie ac a ges im ose a al e a io o logic acco di g o w ic olicies a e o ga i ed. to give aco c e e exam le, e E o ea u io s ill as o o d a wa o e ec ivel comge de disc imi a io , w ic is clea l visi le i w a is e ge de a ga . Wome s ill mo e o e a ime osi io s a ma a d s ill emai em lo ed lo ge , eve o

e a e less selec ive i ei sea c o jo s. I aageing society a ig o wome o ave adece wo k is a es io o e a li g wome o de ake o essio al e o s a d e

ecog i ed a o o wo ki g comm i , w ic al oge e co i es o s s aE o ea eco om . I is a vi al iss e i ede i g w a e ew socio eco omic a adigms o ld e a o . he ce i emai s also c cial ma e i e ami g co ce s s c as productivity o happiness , i a wa i w ic e a e o el e modeli g a i des owa ds eco omicg ow .

A o e side o e same coi is a es io o se vice ovisio . I e case o wome , oo lo g e e as ee a logic a c ildca e o elde l ca e is e e o e a le em o w

t e co j c io o e ali a d eedom s o ld ave e wa o a ew de s a di g lic se vices a e e e o give eac a d eve o e, ega dless o ge de , same c a ce

decide o ei o essio al a d iva e li e.

e

eedom a d e ali a e c alle ged i a wa a is de a i g o e co ce o solida t e co osio o E o ea socie i co j c io wi e wo e de cies de mi i g e i e idea o e u i ed E o e, lead i o a si a io a e ig ma e o 1990s calledtwo-speed Europe as ee mo e ll eali ed i a s oddie ve sio o amulti-speed one . t edi e e ce wi e ea s om wo decades ago is addi io all e ac a ex o didevelo me em os, ac o s a e lli g i di e e di ec io s.


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19Foreword

t is is a g ea ea o e u io , o om e i e al a d e ex e al e s ec ives.As a as e s is co ce ed, e e seems o e lack o a ge i e de s a di g a i o de

o ove come di c l ies o some, all m s s i g i o ac io . I is i e i e es o all o s a ede s i o de o s ee e si a io owa ds a im oveme a d e a le o co side

sce a ios a ma lead o s a i g og ess a d os e i i e e oge e as well. t eeac io s o e E o ea ail o s o oli icia s a d ci i e s ave ee a ill s a io

o a . Solida i is a ma e o a m all es ec l ela io e wee s a es a d o la io s. t is se se o i is a sol el missi g a d is eg essio i ma ism is some i g og essivesm s c alle ge. pa E o ea dialog e a d civic ed ca io s o ld ave e wa .

As a as e ex e al dime sio o e Eu is co ce ed, i s ill emai s dee l a ac ed oe eo li e al o io o com e i io . I is e ec ed i all e doc me s a s ill ass me a i

will ecomethe most competitive economy . t is seems o i d ce a immedia e es io :com e i ive o w om a d i w a se se? taki g i o acco e eval a i g co ce o eco omic g ow , a d o e o e e ac a Eus co i io o glo al GDp is alli g, o e

eeds o dema d ew a swe s. t ese oweve eed o e se i a co ce o e ewedcommi me a d de s a di g o i e a io al solida i . A exam le o is is e iss e o s a i g k owledge i i o ma io a d k ow ow a e o e e ca i al o e ew ce ,E o e m s e clea o ow i la s o e a le all o e a o is k owledge evol io(im leme i g solida i a d e al o o i ies i e all ) a d s a e i wi o e s i e

ame o s s ai a le develo me (o e i g i e a io all e val e o i e a io al solida i ).

e b

t e a ag a s a ove give a a d l o exam les o ow o ela e ideological e ewal o social democ ac o a missio o ami g a ew og essive age da o E o e. t e e ec iowi i e nex Le as i dica ed a maki g is idge a d seei g ose wo ocesses assim l a eo s a d com leme a is a ke o ove comi g e c isis a social democ ac ds

i sel i . t e s s e oweve is e E o ea i a io o social democ ac i sel , a d sa i g soless a ee ea s e o e e ex elec io s o e m s sa : i m s ow e do e; i is eall ig

ime o s obelieve ourselves in hopes that once upon a time have been entrusted in us 1 .

Dr. Al red GUSENBAUERC ai o e EpS nex Le resea c p og amme

o me C a cello o A s ia

1 From the speech that Willy Brandt held in Paris on 25th May 1979, closing the socialist campaign rally be ore the rst ever direct elections to the European Parliament.


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Responding tocontemporary society

2


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23

New challenges ahead


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25Responding to contemporary society

European Social Democracy must come up with an encompassing project

o renewal, a project that is able to meet todays challenges and that appeals

to a heterogeneous majority o the population

(A. P aller, December 2009)

t e ece co ex o is m l i le c isis a cial, eco omic, social a d e vi o me aas imme sed ca i alism i o a ocess o dee a s o ma io i mode socie ies. u d

ese ci c ms a ces, e s c alle ge a E o ea social democ ac eeds o ace is, ecisel , aki g adva age o is si a io as a o o i o e ec o o g l ade a e es o ses o e eal c e a d e o lems. t ese es o ses o e cm s ecessa il e com lex, so i oves c cial o o e l isola e em, make eo e a io al a d ex lai em acco di gl , es eciall o g e v l e a ili o a a wi g vo e s wo ki g classes a d, i a ic la , ose wi low ed ca io a d sca ce eso cw o ave ee e mos seve el a ec ed e devas a i g e ec s o e c isis.

t e ossi le evol io o e evaili g a adigm o g e com i a io o soci j s ice, eco omic d amism a d social mode i a io m s i s i e a am i io s age da osocial democ a ic e o ms, de ake a o d ee mai i e ela ed ca ego ies.

1. v : z

The inherent values o social democracy are still in orce under the current situation.

t e e o e, si ce e ave o los validi a d a lica ili ,they just need to be rea rmedas re erence principles to direct political action . A e same ime, i is ossi le o da ea d esi e some as ec s, i cl de ew o es o give io i o ce ai o jec ives o e ec i

es o d o e c a gi g eali .

The rst o these values is the search or equality. Its application consists not only in

correcting inequality, which has been widening over the last decades, but also in positively

promoting equality o ea me a d o o i ies. I is ecessa o ac ivel e gage i g agai s a o m o disc imi a io o e ic, eligio s, co vic io , ge de , s

o ie a io /ide i , age o disa ili easo s , all o w ic , des i e ei g o ec ed E o ea comm i a ia Law, s ill e sis as a ca se o social seg ega io . O e o e

Ire e RAMoS-VIElbA

Future challenges for the renovation

of social democracy

I e ece c isis co ex E o ea social democ ac eeds o ackle a com e e sivee ewal ocess. t e ossi le evol io o e evaili g a adigm o g e com i a io

o social j s ice, eco omic d amism a d social mode i a io m s i s i e a am i io sage da o social democ a ic e o ms, de ake a o d ee mai i e ela ed ca ego ies.

i s , e i e e val es o social democ ac a e s ill i o ce. t e e o e, si ce e ave o

los validi a d a lica ili , e j s eed o e ea med as e e e ce i ci les o di ecoli ical ac io . A e same ime, i is ossi le o da e a d esi e some as ec s, i cl deew o es o give io i o ce ai o jec ives o e ec ivel es o d o e c a gi g eali .

Seco dl , ega di g olicies a d i s me s o develo s c val es, ese m s e exi lee o g so e ca e eviewed a d, i is wa , o ade a el ada o a c a gi g si a io .howeve , e exis e ce o o s ideological val es a d ei com i a io wi ac ive oliciesa d a o wa d looki g a oac will o s ce i e a e o accom a ied a cleamessage a d a s o g a d elia le leade s i . A e o m la ed disco se will eed o add essge e a io al c a ge ove , i o de o comm ica e wi social ases, a d ac ievemo ili a io .

Key words

s r v p d .

Summary


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t e esol e de e se o civil, oli ical a d socioeco omic ig s e ails e develo meo e cie o ec io mec a isms a d e ex e sio o ig s a d eedoms o va io s sog o s, w e e a o ia e. Social democ ac , as o osed o o e ideologies, ml advoca

o ci i e s a ici a io i o de o acili a e ei i cl sio i decisio maki g o g admi is a ive a s a e c , social dialog e a d i s i io al acco a ili .

I e mids o is adve se si a io , esocial democratic movement reemerges toinspire prosperity based on solidarity , i s ee co as wi co se va ism a d e oldi go o moded a d excl sive social ivileges. t is di ec io wage s clea l o a o imcom i a io o eco omic, social a d e vi o me al s s ai a ili . S s ai a ili i i s as ec s mea s d amism, a s e o wa d a d a al e a ive wi e a d o e iac ieve wel a e o e ex ge e a io s o g e im leme a io o lic o

a e ec ivel edis i e eso ces a d es l s.

2. p :

rega di g olicies a d i s me s o develo s c val es, ese m s e exi lee o g so e ca e eviewed a d, i is wa , o ade a el ada o a c a gi gsi a io .

t e e o e, e cie ma ageme is i g owi g dema d.Social democratic parties areexpected to increase their credibility as good managers o the economy. t is is o a ivialiss e si ce socioeco omic es l s a e se as de e mi a ac o s o e ce io a d sos o .

om a social democ a view oi , e c isis as ig lig ed e ac a e Ss ill la s a de e mi a eg la i g ole o avoid e excesses o e a cial, eco oma d la o ma ke s. neve eless, e exe cise o s c a o i calls o s a a

coo di a io . As a ma e o ac , e e is a essi g eed wi i e Eu o ag ee o i cea d eco omic sa c io s, s im l s as well as co ec ive eleme s; all ese e o ms a e ecessao a ai s s ai a le develo me .

O e o e a d, kee i g i ves me i lic ke sec o s s c as i as ceal a d r&D, s decisive i o de o make og ess owa ds eco omic, social a d

e vi o me al s s ai a ili ; o exam le, wi e e co di io s o s s ai a le good jo s ge e a io . t is ask is e es o si ili o e gove me a all levels a io

egio al a d local i ei co es o di g elds o com e e ce, w ose ac io s m s ede ake me odicall i coo di a io . A e same ime, i is o ossi le o dec ease

level o social o ec io i we wis o ac ieve eco omic a d social develo me a is

i e las ea s, some a io al laws a d i i ia ives1 aveecog i ed e ali o o o i ies i em lo me , ed ca io ,

omo io as well as i wo k co di io s o make og essowa ds eal e ali . neve eless, i wo ld e ecessa oevise e exis i g olicies i o de o assess ei com lia ce

wi ese o ms, e e ma e ce o ac o s w ic we e oco e ac ed as well as e eme ge ce o ew social dema ds.

I ,the Wel are State has become an indisputable achievement . t e e o e, we m sde e d i s co solida io wi a oad e wo k o lic se vices, es eciall i wo dame ala eas, eal a d ed ca io , i o de o a ow i e ali ies. I addi io ,education has becomea key sector in the new knowledge society , w ic e i es a e e skilled wo k o ce, la o

exi ili a d mo ili . I a case, e ei o ceme o e Wel a e S a e as a collec iveac ieveme ca o e ake o g a ed o make s o ge i s o ec io social democ a

osi io s. Mo eove , e o d mi iga i g a d esc e meas es i imes o c isis, i is esse ial omake og ess owa ds a age da o a al e a ive socio eco omic a adigm.

Simila l ,e orts are also needed to keep social policies or the sake o cohesion andsocial justice as a distinctive eature o the social democrat approaches o omo e eaccess o e de ivileged o socio eco omic wel a e. Amo g s c olicies, e g a a eeo s i a le eco omic sec i levels o middle classes m s e i cl ded oge e wi em lo me ex ec a io s a d e develo me . I close ela io wi ese a oac es, solida i

emai s a isi g val e o ace e acce a io o i divid alis ic e avio s a d e edomi a ceo com e i ive ess a d co s me ism, wi a s o e m visio . besides, e eoli e al g owmodel om ed e ola i a io o middle classes e wee ose w o a e e e o a d

ose w o a e o , ca si g a lack o ex ec a io s o social mo ili amo g e la e .

Amo g e va io s o ms o e ali ,gender equality is crucial eca se il o decisiveog ess is made i is di ec io we will o ac ieve ll social develo me a d e e is s ill

m c oom o im oveme . I is ecessa o ise wome em lo me a es2, e ec ivelavo wo k li e ala ce, e al access o exec ive osi io s, o disc imi a io i sala a d

ve s eciall , e omo io o a dee social a d c l al c a ge o de i el a isdis es ec l e avio s owa ds wome .Another group that requires special attention isthat o immigrants , aimi g o eve o lis o ces om maki g se o ea agai s emi imes o ce ai . t is ca e easi le o g e im leme a io o oad meas es

o os e ole a ce, ed ca io o dive si a d social i eg a io .1 Among them, the Law or E ective Equality between Men and Women o 2007 and the Strategic Plan or Equality o Opportuni-ties 2008-2011 are noteworthy.2 According to the estimate o some experts, raising the level o womens employment in Spain to the level o that o Scandina-vian countries could account or 15% increase o the GDP.

w s b

b


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o is, we m s s a wi a good acco o e eal si a io , d a a good mesve well a ic la ed, i e e a ive, ex la a o , ose l a d dis i g is i g. t e am s co e e l se e o jec ives s ed a d ese wi o a ec a io e oliciewe co side ecessa o ac ieve em. O l i is wa ca we demo s a e a we a

aci g o e social c a ge e ds: c isis, glo ali a io , i divid alism, demog a ic ageie vi o me al o lems, e c. wi a e la a is co vi ci g.

The presentation o the values, the agenda and the new challenges that social

democracy aces aim to reach an increasingly heterogeneous audience. For this reason,the discourse must be set within cognitive rameworks or collective re erence. t e se o

oli ical ma ke i g ec i es a d, exce io all i s ada a io o e digi al e a, wco i o sl eme gi g o ma s a d sce a ios we si es, emails, logs, o ms, videos

co e s dica io , odcas s, social e wo ks, mo ile o es e c., ca co i e o ex a sio o e message a d e mi a s eciali ed di ec comm ica io wi e ci i eI e e se as well as wi ew i c easi gl dema di g a d i e ac ive a die ces.

i all , le s o e a E o ea social democ ac is aced wi a oad e ewal ocessa is e dema ds es l i g om e social c a ges a d e ew socioeco omic c alle ge

a eThird Way ailed o ackle. t is moveme co i ed o l i g e o de se wee co se va ism a d social democ ac , s ese i g s wi addi io al c alle ge

t e age da o social democ a e o ms s ems om e ea ma io a d e validi o val es a ide i e social democ a ic moveme . t ese a e esi ed i some as ec s aa e com le ed wi a m e wage o os e i a d ee olded s s ai aeco omic, social a d e vi o me al. Seco dl , olicies a d mode i a io og ams adai s i io s a d mec a isms o c a gi g co di io s w ile kee i g e o ec io level mid low i come classes. All is e i es, l ima el , e e o m la io o e disco

avo comm ica io a d social mo ili a io . I s o , e e o mi g social democ a ideois s ill evale as a e e e ce o s o a g ad al a d og essive a s o ma io

socie ies ased o e dame al c i e ia o e ali a d social j s ice o make ogowa ds a ew socioeco omic a adigm.

o ded o solida i a d social co esio . t esocial component o public expenditurebecomes a crucial guarantee o social mobility .

A s e e i e Wel a e S a e is e so ca lled D amic S a e as a ac o a se s o ew i s me s o cove ew isks ge e a ed c a ge, i c easi g ei eve ive a e,

also ei ac ive ole i s a i g osi ive ex e ali ies a d s o i g s s ai a ledevelo me .

Clea l i acco da ce wi a d as a com leme o w a ecedes, e social democ aojec s o ld o e o ce o e im leme a io o democ a i i g e o ms om a d

wi i social a d oli ical i s i io s w ic , esides osi ivel a ec i g o e i g ,a s a e c a d e co ol o excesses o owe , will ea i g ea e ecog i io a d s oom ci i e s.

howeve ,all these objectives cannot be success ully attained without social andstable alliances with other agents belonging to several groups: green, students and

paci st movements, neighbors, associations, NGOs, social service and development aidproviders, etc. t e e o e, i oves esse ial o es o e a d s e g e s c li ks. I a ic la ,colla o a io a d co se s s wi i e ia gle o med olic make s, civil socie a d e

iva e sec o ca give decisive a d co s c ive im e s o oos e si a io . t eo ga i a io a d e ei o ceme o civil socie , oge e wi lic iva e coo e a ioas well as e joi i volveme o ade io s a d si ess o ga i a io s ecome s s a ialeleme s i e eco omic es c i g ocess, li elo g ai i g o wo ke s a d eada a io o e od c ive ac ivi o a ew s s ai a le model.

3. d : b z

howeve , e exis e ce o o s ideological val es a d ei com i a io wi ac ive

olicies a d a o wa d looki g a oac will o s ce i e a e o accom a ied a cleamessage a d a s o g a d elia le leade s i om E o ea social democ ac .Both themessage and leadership will need to address generational change-over, in order to

communicate with social bases, and achieve mobilization.

b a e o m la io o o disco se a makes i a eali g o a wide s a e o eo la io , w ic is ased o s o g eo e ical o da io s as well as a le o deal wi e

mo e agma ic as ec s o ci i e s co ce s, we will co i e o g i g disill sio , sociala a a d oli ical disa ec io , es eciall amo g e o ge ge e a io s. I is vi al o do

e mos o ovide a ew im lse a d se d a e co agi g message o ge e a e ill sioa ew, a smi i g val es a ge o g o ci i e s.


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c 1:t

Since the late 1960s we are witnessing a decline in cleavage-based voting throughoutWestern Europe ( a kli , e al., 1992). t adi io al models o vo e c oice ai ed ic es os a le elec o a es s o gl ied o s eci c a ies o g dee l oo ed social divis(La e s eld, e al., 1944; Li se a d rokka , 1967). t is a il elec o al la dsca e as edis ed d ama icall egi i g i e 1960s.As a result o processes o social and politicalmodernization, traditional linkages between parties and voters began to weaken,

resulting in a steady rise o electoral volatility ( a kli , e al., 1992; Dal o a d Wa e e g,2000). t is ocess o elec o al c a ge also gave ise o iss e a dca dida e ased vo i g (Dal o , 1996). A im o a side e eco ese develo me s is a oli ical a ies o lo ge caco o a co e elec o a e. Al o g vo e s o g o Wes eE o e seem i e s a le i ei olic e e e ces, e a ei c easi gl willi g o swi c e wee s lie s o e elec o al

ma ke . t is does o o l a ec Social Democ a s, allmai s eam oli ical a ies. Co se e l , a eals o wi ack e adi io al Social Democ a ic ase a e misg ided.A majority o voters no longer has a

stable party identi cation. t e ma ide i wi ei e le o ig wi g a ies o asis o ei olic co ce s, e a e i c easi gl willi g o o di e e a

a di e e elec io s.

take o exam le e D c elec o a e. A majo i o D c ci i e s co side s mo e a ies w e maki g ei mi d a a elec io . t is is es eciall e o e le o e

s ec m. I e 2006 D c a liame a elec io s d , vo e s we e asked o sig ilikeli ood wi w ic e wo ld vo e o a a ic la pa o a e oi scale. I 2006

Cat eri e E. de VRIES

New challenges for social democracy

Lessons from the Netherlands

I ma Wes e E o ea co ies we a e c e l wi essi g dec easi g elec o als o o Social Democ a ic a ies. I addi io , we see a ise i s o o a ies o eex emes o e le ig s ec m, es eciall ose o e o lis ig , a d a ise ia e io o ew oli ical iss es, s c as immig a io o E o ea i eg a io . t esedevelo me s ose im o a c alle ges o Social Democ a ic a ies. I is s o disc ssio

o e I will o li e ee ke c alle ges o Social Democ ac i Wes e E o e, amel : 1) edecli e o co e elec o a es; 2) a mo e ola i ed a d divided elec o a e a d 3) e c l al a deco omic ideological s li o Social Democ a ic vo e s. Al o g ese develo me s a ege e al i a e a d a ec all a ies i e ideological mai s eam, Social Democ a ic

a ies seem o s ggle i a ic la . Co se e l , s ccess ll add essi g ese c alle gesis im e a ive o sa eg a d a d/o es o e e Social Democ a ic voice i oli ics o g oWes e E o e.

Summary

Key words

s l / i p n

a j

b


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ske ical o immig a io . ig es 1 A a d 1 b s ow is develo me i e ne e la drece wo k Va de b g a d Va S a je (2009) s ows simila di gs o o e WesE o ea co ies.

t e D c elec o a e is ideologicall s li : a majo i o vo e s is le wi g i e msocioeco omic olic , ig wi g w e i comes o immig a io . I 2006 mo e e

i d o D c vo e s (37 %) ook ese s li osi io s. So a o D c oli ical aowa ds ese co ce s.

c 3:t s d

t is ideological s li i e elec o a e co s i es a eal c alle ge o Social Democ aa ies. Traditionally, Social Democrats combine societal solidarity with an international

outlook. Com a i g e o i io s o Social Democ a ic vo e s o all vo e s i e 2006 D

Figures 1 A and B: Opinions about Income Di erences and Integration o Migrants

8070

60

50

40

30

20

10

01994 1998 2002 2006keep own cul tu re should adjus t complet ely

Integration o Migrants

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

01994 1998 2002 2006May increase Should decrease

Income di erencees o de s gave e D c Social Democ a s a sco e o 7 o ig e . t is co s i es e elec o alo e ial o e a . 19 % o is o e ial g o o vo e s is s e a o cas i g ei allo o e

Social Democ a s, ese vo e s o l awa d e Social Democ a s a ig sco e. t e majo i o eSocial Democ a ic elec o al o e ial, oweve , se io sl co side s a o e a as well.Co se e l , e D c Social Democ a s d emselves i s o g com e i io wi o e s

a ies. t e Socialis a is e igges com e i o . Almos al (45 %) o e o e ial SocialDemoc a ic elec o a e gives e Socialis a a sco e o 7 o ig e as well. t e vo e ove la wio e a ies o e le , s c as e G ee s wi 34 % o e p og essive Democ a s wi 18 %, isalso ig . t eDutch Labour party like many other Social Democratic parties in WesternEurope nds itsel con ronted with strong electoral competition o other le t-wing parties.

Voters are increasingly willing to change their vote choice between elections on the basis

o policy or candidate concerns. The playing eld or Social Democracy has becomeincreasingly complex.

c 2:a z

t e seco d im o a develo me i Wes e E o e is a e ideological sel imageo vo e s as ecome mo e ola i ed ove e ea s. I e ne e la ds a d ma o eWes e E o ea co ies we d mo e a d mo e vo e s o e o ski s o e oli icals ec m. ta le 1 elow ovides a a al sis o e ideological sel image o D c vo e s

e wee 1994 a d 2006. t e es l s s ow a e oles o e s ec m, ve le a d veig , ave g ow co side a l ove e ea s. t e m e o vo e s a classi es emselves

as ve ig as mo e a i led e wee 1994 a d 2006.

Table 1: Ideological Sel Image o Dutch Voters

1994 1998 2002 2006

Very le t 8 % 7 % 11 % 13 %

M derate le t 25 % 28 % 27 % 21 %

Midd e 34 % 33 % 22 % 19 %

M derate Rig t 28 % 28 % 28 % 31 %

Very Rig t 5 % 4 % 11 % 17 %

I addi io , we a e wi essi g a s li i e elec o a e o g o ma Wes eE o ea co ies. W e eas a majo i o vo e s a e le wi g eco omicall , e a e

ig wi g c l all . I o e wo ds, ma vo e s wa o sa eg a d social e e s, a e


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r

Dalton R. J. (1996) Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies;C a am, C a am ho se.

Dalton R. J. and WattenbergM.P. (eds.) (2000)

Parties Without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies;Ox o d, Ox o d u ive si p ess.

Franklin M., Mackie T. andValen H. (eds.) (1992)

Electoral Change: Responses to Evolving Social and Attitudinal Structures inWestern Countries;Cam idge, Cam idge u ive si p ess.

Lazers eld P., Berelson B. andGaudet H. (1944)

The Peoples Choice: How the Voter Makes up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign; new yo k, Col m ia u ive si p ess.

Lipset S.M. and Rokkan S.(1967)

Cleavage Structures, Party Systems and Voter Alignments: An Introduction;[i :]M.L.Se mo a d r.S ei (eds).Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross National Perspectives, . 1 64. newyo k, ee p ess.

Van der Brug W. and vanSpanje J. (2009)

Immigration, Europe and the New Cultural Cleavage; [i :] E o ea Jo alo poli ical resea c 48, . 308 34.

OECD (2008) Growing Unequal;pa is, OECD.

elec io s s ows aon some issues Social Democratic voters have a less internationaloutlook ( or example about Muslims and international military involvement) than the

party elite.

Table 2: Comparing Opinions o the Social Democratic Voters and all Voters,Dutch Parliamentary Election 2006

SD Voters All Voters Di erence

M re Deve pme ta Aid 55 % 47 % + 8 %

Gay Ad pti Rig ts 76 % 69 % + 7 %

big C mpa ies T reat t Dem cray 38 % 36 % + 2 %

less Taxes 21 % 22 % - 1 %

Privati ati Pe si s 54 % 39 % + 15 %

Residence Permit Illegal Aliens 64 % 52 % + 12 %

Restricting Immigration of Muslims 33 % 38 % - 5 %

Extending Troop Involvement in Afghanistan 51 % 61 % - 10 %Notes: Bold percentages signi y statistically signi cant diferences

W ile D c Social Democ a ic vo e s a e clea l mo e og essive w e i comes o gaig s o develo me al aid, e ave se io s co ce s wi oo i volveme a d do o

di e m c om e ge e al elec o a e w e i comes o e es ic io o immig a io oM slims. t is las oi ig lig s e mai di c l o Social Democ a ic a ies o g oE o e: ow o deal wi c l al iss es ela i g o immig a io a d/o Islam? SocialDemoc a ic a ies ca o s ee clea o ese iss es, e ca o l a ac vo e s o oldo o em w e e ese ese socie al co ce s o g a socio eco omic le s.Inorder to stay in tune with the majority o voters, Social Democratic parties will have to link cultural issues to their traditional socio-economic appeal.


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37

With the people, for the people


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t e o come o e E o ea elec io s eld i J e 2009 aises o iss es oE o ea social democ ac . I vi all all e E o ea co ies, e a ies ad e isocial democ ac (w ic did ei mos o d aw a e io o ei commo allegia ce

lis i g a si gle Ma i es o) ex e ie ced a s a se ack, w a eve ei oli ical s ao o o gove me , wi i o o side a coali io , e c.). Eve w e e jo a lis s a d aag eed a e social democ a s did a oo jo o cam aig i g, wi leade s w o we e o

c alle ged a d, wo se, lacked i s i a io , a d a o e e o icall g a dilo e alwac all co ve io al la o m a was a i g com elli g.

I is is las oi ega di g e la o m a is mos ala mi g. be o d e s a d do is a ic la elec io , i i oi s e exis e ial iss e aci g E o ea social demo

oda . W does social democ ac ail o ge vo es a d a oval a a ime w e eve i g io g o is o icall s o ld ig s e a le i o i m i e c e eco omiedis i ive social j s ice, lic eg la io o e ma ke eco om , a c l all o e

a ks o mass ed ca io (a socie o sma eo le), all wi i a E o ea amewo k aca ede al s s em w e e e is a eed o com e sa e o gove me s o comi gs?

Social democ ac comes ac oss as a vic im o e c isis, w e i s o ld a ea as a e ge oo e a e ea s o eo li e al excesses. I is as i , i e e es o e elec o a e, social democ

lo ge as a c edi le claim o e ese e e o E o ea socie ies. W is is?

Social democ ac is said o ave los e co de ce o e lic eca se i was o a lo d aw a dis i c io e wee i sel a d e domi a eco omic eo li e alism w e i w

i owe i ece ea s (a d i was i owe i mos E o ea co ies a some oi e las wo decades). t e social democ a s a e acc sed o avi g ailed o gove eico ies e e a e ig a d o avi g ake o oa d e wo s excesses o eeco om (de eg la io , iva i a io , a cialisa io , cas alisa io o la o , e c.). A d

elega ed o e o osi io , w e e e agai ega o alk e la g age o e le , acc sed o co i i g o i k o e ig . I s o , social democ ac is said o ave ei s e os a d i s ase acki g o e ig ; a d a is oi , e eade ve sed

is o o e le will sig a d i k: as s al.

t is ex la a io a e social democ a s los ei eco omic a d social ea i gs ie mos wides ead, a d e e is some o i . b i does ell e w ole s o

la re t bouVET

Tackling populism to regain people

E o ea social democ ac as o o l los almos all e elec io s o a e a io ala d E o ea level i e as decade also i s egemo o social a d oli ical ideasagai s a co se va ive, li e al a d o lis ig . to eve se is deadl e d, e socialdemoc a ic a ies m s ca e ack e o la vo e ackli g o lism. to do is, iis o o l c cial o co e wi social a d eco omic iss es wi ide i a d val es.

Summary

Key words

s p v p i


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e ig . t is is oda e majo c alle ge aci g social democ ac i i is o s viveis o ic adi io , a so ce o ed ock val es a d a oli ical al e a ive wi i e demo

ocess.

to do is, social democ ac m s e co ec wi eo le. t is o jec ive is wi i i s eac . I i is o e l a d clea l

o m la ed as s c a d ex essed wi co vic io a d o as j s o e mo e las di c comm ica io s a eg o e a o

e social democ a ic a ies a d i i is eg la l im oved wias oad a a ge o disc ssio a d ex e ie ce as ca e ma aged, i ca e ese e

la o m o democ a ic socialism o comi g ea s.

I was a a oac o is e a e a led O ama o wi e u.S. eside ial elec

he did o wi eca se e was lack, o eca se e was mo e ade a o e s a si g ewec ologies o e wo ki g is s o e s. he wo eca se e s oke wi a i i g voi

(w ic was eeded o o l i e u i ed S a es ollowi g e e iod o s a k oliola isa io d ive e Ame ica co se va ives, also i E o e w e e e leade s

e ig sed e same ola isa io o wi elec io s) a d eca se is cam aig was o eoc sed o val es. he a ed i o a osi ive, e e gisi g Ame ica o lism a i geo le oge e a e a segme i g e elec o a e i a da ge o s exe cise i oli

ma ke i g. W e e e re lica s a egis o e b s ea s, Ka l rove, ad see divival es iss es ( e c l e wa s e wee e ed a d e l e Ame ica, i Ame ica a laa d e mo ilisa io o g o s s c as co se va ive C is ia vo e s as e mos s e

o wi e elec io , O ama ceaselessl made e case o a sce di g di e e ces o o i ioa d ide i , a d o j s i e ms o ace.

to a ge e de a e a val es a d avoid ei g d aw i o a ola isi g a oac o ethe European social democratic le t needs to identi y a ew highly relevant and energisingissues. Ave es o e ex lo ed co ld i cl de social ca i al a d e g agai s ea ed

i come o all so s. O e mig also me io e eed o give a sol e io i o iged ca io a d esea c , give a we ave e e ed a so o class s ggle ased o ed ca

a e a social class. t ese a e a ew exam les o wa s o a sla e i o iss es a ge eeme, a a a ive, a e le co ld oc s o . t is a a ive co ld, o exam l

i s i a io om e co ce o commo dece c (w ic e com asses e mo al s a dasocial co d c a d sel es ec o e i divid al) as o m la ed, o exam le, GeoO well:My chie hope or the uture is that the common people have never parted company withtheir moral code. (CEJL, 1:583).

eca se e lis o E o ea social democ ac s eco omic a d social s ccesses a d ail esove e las 20 ea s is o vio sl mo e dis a a e a wo ld a s a ea o o me iodi e e ces om o e co o a o e , w ic a e deli e a el ig o ed a d seco d eca semeas i g i s e o ma ce agai s is a ds ick misses, i o e esse ials, a leas e mo e

dame al level a w ic oli ical c a ge akes lace i socie ies.

The issue acing social democracy now transcends the question o the extent to which

it has or has not been converted to economic and social neo-liberalism. It will be noted thatcon ning the discussion to this question is o no help to the social democratic leadership.

The issue must be addressed at the more undamental level o values or prerequisites (o e eco omic a d social model i a ic la ). t e E o ea ig as a w ole, as well as e

oli ical o ces a a e e e a d e e e e ed o as o lis , ave clea l gai ed a e e

de s a di g o w a is a s ake. t e gove i g ig was o ced o do so, si ce e leem aced mos o i s eco omic olic , o exam le i e ia g la io ac iced e newDemoc a s i e u i ed S a es a d new La o i e u i ed Ki gdom i e 1990s. t e ig

ad o wage e oli ical s ggle o e asis o val es ia g la i g e val es o e lei , like la o val es, as nicolas Sa ko did d i g e e c eside ial i 2007.

I doi g is, e ig all ove E o e icked o a d e e ed om o laas i a io s o e eglec ed e le (w ic o g i co ld ake em o g a ed asedo i s is o ic mo o ol , w ic was la gel a gme o i s ow imagi a io ): la o val es,o co se, also a io al ide i , amil val es, a se se o elo gi g a d collec ivesec i , e c. t ese a e as i a io s, a d e e o e val es, a e le , seei g i sel i c easi gldese ed e wo ki g class a ad adi io all s o ed i , g ad all ega ode o ce as o lis . Social democ ac ceded ese val es a d e s o o osew o o a o e easo o a o e se g ea s o e em o o es ec a le oli icalmoveme s a d leade s, a ic la l o e ex eme ig . I was o so m c a ma e o

e adi io al ig e e i g elec o all (i o og amma icall ) co o i g e

ex eme ig wo ki g class, as o social democ ac (i.e. e gove i g le ) o ei i g aa o e elec o a e eca se i was a le o o e a la o m a accommoda ed oi s i e es s (eco omic a d social) a d i s ide i (i s val es) demo s a i g, i e

ocess, a e wo a e closel li ked.

o is easo ,populism is the central issue. It is a double-edged sword. I i s E o eave sio ( o i i s u.S. i ca a io ) i a ks ack o e co i e s da kes o s a dsmacks o da ge o s ma i la io o wo ki g class des ai . b i ca also e ead as a sig al

a m s e icked a d lis e ed o, es eciall e le (i o e co side s a e lewi o e eo le is o lo ge e le ). I is e e o e im o a o E o ea socialdemoc ac o ake a dialec ical a oac o o lism, i o l o avoid alli g i o e a se

s


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I m co i ioI would like to introduce a speci c problem which social democracyhas had to address in a post-communist context. This is the troubled nature o the

relationship o intellectual and cultural elites to social democratic politics and more

generally the problems o a public debate in an atmosphere o hegemony o an anti-

le tist discourse in the public space . t e C ec re lic mig se ve as a ical exam le o a os comm is co , o g ea i g i mi d a e le lea i g oli ics ave e

a a ove ave age deg ee o omi e ce e e o g o e 20ce as well as s o goli ical e ese a io .

A e e evol io i 1989 e C ec oli ical le o d i sel o e de e sive eca se e co se s s, w ic de e mi ed e a e o e Velve revol io , came a a

e lic disco se c a ged adicall . t e e was a wide co se s s, goi g dee i o ecomm is a , w ic ca ied o g e evol io , a d i s es l was a gove me

a io al de s a di g. t e evol io ad a osi ive og amme, omo i g li e , dec ac a d ma ig s, o sim l a ega ive a i de owa ds e comm is egime.

ase o a co se s s ad ee il e adi io o C a e 77, w e e di e e sac ivis s ad joi ed i e g o ma ig s: w i e s, a is s, C is ia s, eo le e s

e comm is egime i 1950s as well e e o m comm is s om e p ag e S i g.

t e 1989 evol io was o ca ied o g de e omise o e ewi g ca i ali de e sloga s as We a e o like em ( em e e i g o e comm is s a

i cli a io owa ds e elimi a io o eo le o di e e o i io ), Li e a d baE o e. ye co se va ive oli icia s oved o e e e a ada i g o e oli icaideological vac m o e os evol io a e a a d e s cceeded i a essi

ese me s ied i e s co scio s ess o socie : e i i ive a i le e desi e o l l e de ied ca i alis d eam o a s ccess l e e isi g i divid al. A e

ime e eac io a logic o e ewi g ca i alism eme ged as e mai vic o o e evol t e oli ical sce e was gove ed e co se va ive a ies i e s al o 1990s a d

og amme o eco omic a s o ma io wi a mix e o co se va ive a d eolie o ic was la c ed.

A dee c a ge i e media disco se accom a ied a og amme: a o g ge e a ioo jo alis s ook co ol o ews a e s, elevisio a d la e e i e e ; e acce

Ja ERn

Social democracy and public debate

in a post-communist context

t e a icle deals wi e co di io o lic de a e a e e evol io i 1989 i eC ec re lic. Al o g lic disco se as ee domi a ed eo li e al a d eoco se va ive ideolog , e C ec Social Democ a ic pa as ee e majo oli ical o ced i g e las 12 ea s. pa o is s ccess lies i ca e ll lis e i g o majo i lico i io idde de e i ve ee o is o cial disco se; e Social Democ a s s o ld

o j s s a i is sa e o e s o ld also lis e o mi o al e a ive voices ema a i gom di e e s eams o civil socie . A ew com omise e wee e classic wel a e s a e

a d e ew social a d c l al imagi a io comi g o o e eac io s o civil socie oe di e e c ises o a glo alised wo ld wo ld e e e i Social Democ a s o add ess

e c alle ges.

Summary

Key words

p b c l e c


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a a ive domi a i g e lic de a e. The concrete policies o the Social Democrats arebeing shaped according to heart-beats o the majority o people not absolutely, butnotably.

t e Social Democ a ic pa is wi i g also a ks o is, le s sa o lis , lisi g o eo les mi ds a d o g e a eal o ese vi g social g a a ies a d de e di

e old wel a e s a e om e eoli e al a ack o commodi i a io a d iva i alic se vices; e i e same ime Social Democ a ic olic e visages coo e a io wi

co o a io s a d si esses, o e s em i ves me s im li, s o s clea e e g oda eve i ks o eaki g e limi s o s ace mi i g o ow coal, w ic also me

demolis i g wo villages a d e devas a io o e la dsca e o o e bo em t is is e eve se side o e em asis o e eco omic g ow . t is ec oc a ic a

some imes o lis wa o gove i g (i Slovakia eve a io alis wa o gove i g) dee ee alie a io e wee social democ ac a d civic a d e vi o me al ci cles a d kee s ma

o g eo le, li e al ci i e s o ig ci ies a d a s o e middle classes awa om e CSocial Democ a ic pa .

t e s eci c o lem o e os comm is eali is e wides ead evale ce oco io co ce i g o a l e mos lic com e i io s a d co ac s. The SocialDemocratic Party, thanks to its inclination towards technocratic and pragmatic gover-

nance, has not ound instruments orce ul enough to ght corruption decisively. ye eo lem is dee e , i lies i e ase o os comm is socie , i i s dis s owa d

lic s e es a d es eciall owa ds oli ical a ies, i iva i a io o li e ooex e ie ce o dic a o s i .Who does not steal, steals rom their amily said e o la ove

om e imes o socialism w e o o e co ld ide i e sel o imsel wi e sos a e, e ge e al ow e o eve i g.

t e o lem o co io a d e alie a io o im o a a s o e eli e social democ a ic olic a e ela ed, i m o i io .Civic society is not strong enough and

the Czech Social Democratic Party does not cooperate enough with it ; i does os cie l omo e civil socie . I w i e eg la col m s o e le lea i g C ec idail De ik re e e d m a d e e is a i e es i g de a e goi g o e e ese weekma eg la comme a o s, mos l ac ivis s om a oad s ec m o civil soc(e vi o me alis s, o me disside s, adical le is s, eace ac ivis s, w i e s) ex e

esi a io o disill sio co ce i g e olic o e C ec Social Democ a ic pa , ale e is o ig al e a ive o e le ese da s: e comm is a is acce

eca se o i s co i i g ad e e ce o a d li e S ali ism, e G ee a as eadisa oi ed i s le lea i g acke s i s a ici a io i a co se va ive coal

omo i g e eoli e al age da, o e ce e le a ies a e ve small a d i sig i

eac io a easo i g o e ig a d e also desi ed o eve ge e i j s ice do e ecomm is s i e o me egime, e eve ge a was eld i c eck e velve a e o

e evol io . 80% o jo alis s o d emselves amo g e li e al ig a d e ook isdela ed mili a a icomm ism o oa d. t e i e e a io o e evol io i e licdisco se was eve sed: a osi ive, o democ a ic evol io wi o viole ce a d os acismis ow ei g de s ood as a a icomm is ake ove a d e e o eme o a ewideological egemo , a l esem li g e old o e, j s wi e o osi e assig me o

osi ive a d ega ive ma ks. t e eli es, jo alis s, e a li e als, e g ea e a o ei ellige sia a d ma s de s acce ed is eoli e alism a d o Ame ica eocoseva ism i o eig a ai s as a a al, almos s m om ee model o oli ical a d eco omical i ki g. t e coo e a io o di e e ideological s eams wi i C a e 77 was

o go e a d e sim le ma ic eic sc eme ook ecede ce o e media sce e, des a di g a i g le lea i g as a io i mo all o jec io a le.

t e e a e some i a e es l s o s c a egemo o o e oli ical a a ive: di e es eams o a al e a ive oli ical imagi a io , adi io all o d o e oli ical le o eve

adical le , co side e ig wi g li e alism o e a a al o ma ive ase o ei oli icalac ivi . t e e is a ig wi g G ee a , e e a e ig wi g ocke s a d w i e s, a d igwi g oa ds o ma nGOs i e C ec re lic. t e G ee a , a mem e o e lasco se va ive coali io , did o d i o lesome o vo e o a a ax, e ocke s oge ewi Vclav havel s o e Ame ica i vasio o I a , eo le i leadi g osi io s i nGOs

esi a e o come o a lic disc ssio o ga i ed e Social Democ a s a d e mai s eamews a e s we e a wi e ac , a ba ack O ama, oli icall aive as e i ,ea Jo McCai i e u.S. eside ial elec io .

ye e ea is li e al a d eoli e al s ace e e is a mo e o la a i de amo gseo le w o ca o eed emselves j s wi e o cial disco se a d w o a e i cli ed o

adi io al C ec egali a ia ism a d aci sm.Despite the neoliberal and neoconservativenarratives prevailing in the media the Social Democratic Party has been a dominant party

in the last 12 years , gove i g e co o wo elec o al e ms, al oge e o 8 ea s, a de o l ve a owl losi g o i s co se va ive ival, w ose gove me ell wi i 2,5

ea s. A d oda , wo mo s e o e e ge e al elec io s1, e Social Democ a s a e leadi gi e olls wi a 10% lead. I Slovakia e domi a ce a d lead o e Social Democ a s iseve s o ge .

A im o a a o e s ccess o e C ec Social Democ a ic pa is e s ve o lic o i io ca ied o e a al ical de a me o e a . o e ose o is

a e we ca i k o ese s ve s as a s ade o dig de e s ace o e o cial1 The text was submitted in March 2010


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wo ke s a ici a i g i ma agi g com a ies a d o i g e s im l s o e ma ke eco om a e same ime.) t e t i d Wa o A o Gidde s a d to blai is also is o

oda . I elieve a o e o e decisive com omises o e ex t i d Wa s o ld e com omise e wee adi io al social democ a ic disco se o lic se vices, em lo meema ci a io a d eco omic g ow s o so ed e s a e i e o e a d, a d e ewsocial a d c l al imagi a io comi g o o e eac io s o e civil socie o e vi o me al c isis, e glo al c isis o ca i alism, e exis e ial c isis o se se. t is imagi a io ga e s oge e di e e local e s ec ives a d ex e ie ces, o exam le

e sloga o e Social o m. A di erent world is possible i does o o es a lis aew wo ld a Ma xis evol io o e s a e omo ed eco omic g ow . t e s a

e di e e wo ld is a d wa s o e o e a d is e s jec o ma local disc ssio s aac ivi ies. Social Democ a s i e os comm is co ies s o ld kee e e i g i o

Social Democ a ic a ies s o ld s o di e e la o ms omo i g dialog e wcivil socie , social democ a ic oli icia s s o ld ake a i de a es goi g o i medias o l o i e ce em also o lis e o em.The traditional emphasis on a wel are stateshould prevent global capitalism rom converting into a dictatorship, the openness to thealternative discourses coming rom the civil society should keep social democratic policy

in touch with the uture shape o society.

So e call o ew a ies o o mo al i divid als o com omised ad e e ce o aoli ical ideolog ca e ea d i e o e . ye I d is call o e oli icall imma e a d

eli is . Some imes i is e las em a s o e o oli ical oli ics o Vclav havel, a goodidea o e g agai s dic a o s i , a ad idea o democ ac , some imes i comes j s om

e disa oi me a d a isi g alie a io o e w ole o socie om lic oli ics.

I elieve a eNext Le t, the uture social democratic politics in post-communistcountries should be moving in both directions: rom the society o e a a d om e

a o e socie . A d socie e e mea s o e masses o vo e s a d e ac ivis s a da ici a s o di e e s eams o a civil socie .Social Democratic policy should go behind

the wall o the narratives created by the big corporations and interests o capital and listen

care ully to the needs o ordinary people; yet it should also lead people in re ecting upon

the challenges, dangers and crises o the globalized civilization we live in. Social Democratsshould listen very care ully to the voices o academics and active people rom di erent

parts o civil society to inspire itsel by the alternative political imagination emerging inthese places; yet they should also communicate to the activists and intellectuals the need

or the compromise with broader society, promote public diplomacy, point to the politicalvoices coming rom other continents etc.

t e is o ia a d s o e o social democ a ic ideas toJ d as s gges ed o Social Democ a ic pa ies a ow,e e i g i o imes o ew ce ai ies, e s o ld ecall e

eac io o Jo Ma a d Ke es o e colla se o a old wo ld,e d ed ea s o ildi g e i s i io s o a wel a e s a e,

a d a we s o ld j s kee de e di g em agai s e owmode is , og ess d ive igo o a s o m e ese wo ldi o o e d ive a ig wi g li e a ia ideolog . Al o g Iag ee wi e ac s a ed to J d a ideological osi io s

ave ee c a ged a d social democ ac is ecomi g aco se va ive owe g i g agai s e li d o imism o eema ke e s a d e Jaco i ism o e b s is omo i g

democ ac olic , I do o ag ee wi e co cl sio a we s o ld look ack o is o a d j s o co se ve e os wa co se s s o e wel a e s a e. We ca o excl de e e

om o si a io .Compromise, one o the key terms o the social democratic tradition,is a dynamic historical term changing its shape with the time.

Di e e es o t i d Wa (s) ave ee c ea ed acco di g o oli ical ideas wi w ice com omise as ee made. (O e o em was e a em o democ a i e socie a de eco om i C ec oslovakia i 1968, a i e es i g la o eali e e socialis ideal o

c , k

,

.


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49

Building fair societies


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I e as decades o socie ies ave ee co o ed wi majo c alle ges: glo alisa io o o eco omic a d a cial ela io s; e ew ec ologies a d e ise o

os i d s ial k owledge eco om ; ill ma aged mass mig a io om egio s oacc s omed o wes e li e al li es les a d val es; a E o ea i eg a io ocess aove val ed e ma ke a d as de mi ed a io al democ a ic oced es.

t ese c a ges ave ad a e o mo s im ac o e lives o o di a eo le. t e aveedis i ed o o i ies amo g co ies, egio s a d e so s. t e ave avo ed

well ed ca ed, cosmo oli a well o do. A d e ave disa oi ed e less ed ca ed, loweclassPrekariat , also la ge middle i come g o s w o avo adi io s a d a io al a

a E o ea o cosmo oli a o ie a io s. We a e alki g o a o adi io al ela io s, a e a o oli ical c l al o ie a io s a d moods, a o oli ical

logical e ome a s c as ese me a o socialdclassement a d ove all disco e . t eAme ica eco omis J.K. Gal ai a al sed i is t e c l e o co e me (1993)divisio e wee a co e middle class ve s s e disill sio ed de ivileged, eAme ica ve sio o die Zweidrittelgesellscha t a d e lack o solida i . toda e si a ioseems wo se, w e eas ig a s o e middle class a e o co e a mo e de co di io glo alisa io , mig a io a d social agme a io , maki g e eo e ical co di iosolida is ic oli ics eve wo se.

basicall , e socia democ a ic es o se o e as decades as ee o e o ada io o ewci c ms a ces, a oo li le o e o e o m i li e wi o ow val es. t e oli ical a d olici cl di g esocial democratic ones, have made permanent innovation the trademark o their policies, the Big Adaptation to the New Global World their only program and principle .

W ile o a ies a e e d o e i e ee ce aimed o ala ce i d s iaadi io al views o la o a d a i ess, e co em o a social democ a ic leade s i

oo c i icall ailed e ew, a d o go a o e adi io al li e a d val es. I govei ailed o develo a d comm ica e j s e o m olicies a d s alie a ed i sel oco s i e cies i adi io all e ese ed.In program, style, organisation and leadership,there is an urgent need or a resh renewal and reorientation.

O e ca o se ve a wide i g ga e wee e oli ical a d olic eli es a d la ge g o s i o e majo i o e o la io o e co i e al E o ea wel a e s a es. t

Re CuPERuS

A new pact against social polarisation?

Summary t e o lems o e ce e a ies a e a pars pro toto o w a s a e i g i socie ala ge. A ossi le cleavage o s li i o a ma e a o es adowi g o e s li i sociea la ge. W a we ge l eed is a ew social deal, a ew ac e wee e ivileged a d

e less ivileged, o gi g a ew idea o og ess. A ac o socio eco omic sec i ( asedo wel a e s a e s a ili ) a d c l al o e ess (a ole a , i e a io al o look, w ile

e ai i g a io al democ ac ).

Key words

t p t B k s l p k r b v k s


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we a e wi essi g oda , omGesellscha t i o glo ale,multikulturelle Gesellscha t ? Will E oea social democ ac ea le o deal wi e ess es, a xie ies a d ea s w icaccom a is o g a d le a s o ma io ?

t e ess es o ada a io o e ew glo alised wo lda e a ic la l di ec ed owa ds ose w o do o i o e

ew i e a io al k owledge ased eco om , e skilleda d e low skilled. t e ove all disco se o ada a io a d

com e i ive adj sme as a s o g ias agai s e lowe middle class a d o academico essio als. t is a s me i oc a ic a a ive is o e o e oo ca ses o o

ese me .

polic a d oli ical eli es a e selli g a d od ci g i sec i a d ce ai , i s eas owi g sec i a d s a le leade s i i a wo ld o x. Wi e exce io o somSca di avia co ies, E o ea olic eli es do o s ow wel a e s a e ide s a ili

imes o c a ge a d e o m. t is am ivale ce a o e ve o da io s o e E owel a e s a e models is i i sel od ci g o lis es .

u ease a d Dis s i co em o a E o ea socie m s e loca ed a mo e levea a me el o e wel a e s a e e o m. We a e ex e ie ci g a s i ig ac oss e magic o e os wa e iod seems o e all sed : e os wa ideal o E oi ca io , e os wa wel a e s a e model a d e os holoca s ole a ce o

o eig e ; e all seem o e e odi g a d de ess e. t e ove all ocess o ia io alisa io (glo alisa io , immig a io , E o ea i eg a io ) is od ci g a ga o

a d e ese a io e wee eli es a d o la io a o d es io s o c l al a d aide i , mode i ve s s adi io .

The biggest risk or contemporary social democracy is the breakdown o the social

democratic parties, the split o these parties in two constituencies under the attack bypopulism. What is at stake is the ragmentation o the social democratic electorate into

two camps: a cleavage between social liberal academic pro essionals and traditional trade

union-social democrats; the cleavage between higher educated and lower educated,

between cosmopolitan and nationalistic or libertarian and authoritarian orientations. This

split is representing the ragmentation within our middle class society at large. As a result

o the strong orces o globalization, mass migration, individualization and the post-

industrial knowledge based economy.

The problems o the center parties are a pars pro toto, a mirror or whats happening

in society at large. t e ess es o divisio a d agme a io o e social democ a ic

massive level o ease i ma Wes e co ies, s i i s i io s a d oli ics is a aeco d low, e e is a c isis o co de ce a d a c isis o oli ical e ese a io . t e eve

g owi g a E o ea ese ce o ig wi g a d le wi g o lis moveme s, w ico e a ea ollowi g a e o m o e wel a e s a e, emai s a ala mi g a d g im emi deo e ge e al ease i e o la io a d e c isis o co de ce w ic ese s ees a lis ed oli ical sce e.In the process o re orm and adaptation to the New GlobalWorld Order, there has been a undamental breakdown o communication between elites

and the general population.

Europe aces a dangerous populist revolt against the good society o both the

neoliberal business community and progressive academic pro essionals. t e evol o o lism is od ced e eco omic a d c l al eli es. t ei tInA ojec is c ea i g ea

a d ese me de o eli es. t ei de e mi is ic image o a e wo ld o glo alisa io ,o e o de s, ee ows o eo le, li elo g lea i g i e k owledge ased socie is a igma e wo ld o o eli es.

I e eli e a a ive, si a le a s o e middle a d wo ki g class a e ei g co o edwi eco omic a d s c ological deg ada io . t ei s is o lo ge e e. t e eelalie a ed, dis ossessed a d dow g aded, eca se e socie i w ic e el com o a le,i w ic e ad ei es ec ed lace a d w ic as ee a o ei social ide i is

ei g s ed aside ew eali ies. t e co side social democ ac as a o amode i a io a is e odi g old com o s a d old sec i ies.Social democracy in ar toomany countries has lost touch with these sentiments and worries. It has become part o

that brave new world o the bright, well-educated, entrepreneurial and highly mobile.

As a tragic consequence, we are con ronted with, what I might call, the Broken Society

o the Le t: the split o the social-democratic constituency into uture optimist s who embrace

the new world o globalisation, market dynamics, individual enterprise and diversity; and

the others, uture pessimists, who eel threatened by these orces. Whats at stake is the

alarming ragmentation o the social democratic constituency into the camps o social

liberal academic pro essionals versus traditional trade union-social democrats; a cleavage

between higher educated and lower educated, between cosmopolitan libertarian attitudes

and national-populist attitudes. Will E o ea social democ ac s vive e sociolog o eew glo al wo ld? Willdie Volksparteien, e eo les a ies, s vive e ola isa io o o

socie ies? t a s e 100 illio dolla es io o e comi g e iod.

We mig e deali g wi a wo ld i x a d com lex a s o ma io , com a a le wie a s o ma io a e e d o e 19ce omGemeinscha t i oGesellscha t . W e e ise ew D k eim, e ew t ies, e ew We e o give mea i g o e c a ge w ic

w

, i ,theBroken Society

of the Left


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ei g a d wel a e agai s e a ow eoli e al co ce o eco omic g ow .Let theEuropean social democracy remain the pillar or a modernized European social market

model develop a sensibility or cultural and identity politics. t e ig disco e a da i ess i af e wel a e democ acies a e o a se io s ex e a o comm i , soc

co esio , sec i : os ma e ialis o lems o social s c olog .

Restore the divide between le t and right in politics, in order to ght the dangerouspopulist cleavage between the establishment and (a alse entity o ) the people.

We must be tough on populism and tough on the causes o populism.

i all , e E o ea social democ a ic moveme owada s is oo m c a al sed blues. I s ead i s o ld evi alise i sel ge i g so l ack i o e moveme .Just changethe music record.

a ies a e e ess es wi i socie . A ossi le cleavage o s li i o a ma e ao es adowi g o e s li i socie a la ge. W a is dame all de a ack is e

social co esio , e social a ic, e solida i o o socie ies. W a co ld e de a ack is e E o ea social model, a d E o ea social democ ac as o e o i s o da io s a d

illa s. Social democ ac de ed as e coali io , e co ec o e wee ivileged a dde ivileged, e wee lowe a d ig e middle class. Sothe big challenge or

contemporary social democracy is how to keep our parties together , a d doi g sokee i g socie oge e .

t e c isis is o i o val es a d ideals, i e wa we im leme em i e ewwo ld o glo alisa io , os i d s ialisa io a d i divid alisa io , live o em, delive o

em, acco di g o o vo e s.

w b ?

W a we ge l eed is a ew social deal, a ew ace wee e ivileged a d e less ivileged, o gi g a ew

idea o og ess. A ac o socio eco omic sec i ( ased owel a e s a e s a ili ) a d c l al o e ess (a ole a , i e

a io al o look, w ile e ai i g a io al democ ac ).

We eed develo i g a og am a add esses e socialeco omic i sec i ies a d ca a ili ies o e oade socialdemoc a ic co s i e c , as well as e c l al a xie ies, a d

a a eals o o adi io al wo ki g class vo e s a d emiddle classes. A og am a da es o omo e co i ia d adi io (to J d ), i s ead o o sessivel advoca i g mode i a d i ova io . A ew

a a ive a ca e com ass e dail ex e ie ces a d s o ies o o vo e s. res o i g esocial democ a icKmmererpartei (Jo a es ra ), o o ollow e vo e s i a o lis wa ,

o eco ec o vo e s o s a d democ a ic deli e a io , o lea a d ed ca e a d os ow mo al leade s i i a s wo a d a o a ive wa . I.e. to d e wa ack o ovo e s as a ojec o w a Sigma Ga iel as called eDeutungshoheit in der Gesellscha t ?

Save and renew the Volkspartei, as a bridge between the winners and losers o the new

world trends. This new Volkspartei will emerge rom progressive coalition-buildingencom passing other le t political parties, as well as progressive individuals regardless o party-a liation and progressive organizations, such as trade unions, churches and ngos.

re ew mai ai , agai s all Ame ica a d Asia odds, e E o ea wel a e socie iesde co di io s o mass mig a io a d glo ali a io . Com e e o e asis o ma well

w

, b

,


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t e ail e o e democ a ic le i e elec io s o e E o ea pa liame o2009 em asi ed a e ome o w ic was ecomi g visi le wi some ime e o e d i g

e va io s a io al o local elec io s: dec easi g elec o al a eal o social democ a ic aA e e E o ea allo e e is a vivid sea c , o o l a a io al level also o i e a io al coo e a io , o o es a lis i g e c isis diag osis , mo eove(mi ac lo s) c es o ove comi g i .

One o the explanatory hypotheses or the decline o social democracy in central and

Eastern Europe, based on the Ronald Ingleharts theory o cultural determinism, is that

cultural changes o the last two decades determined the development o individualist

orientations and that parties o the le t did not nd the appropriate answers in order to

respond to these intra-societal changes .

Seve al em i ical s dies ac ieved a a io al o a io al level ave em asi ed c a gewi i e oli ical c l e o os comm is a io s om Ce al a d Eas e EI e a io al esea c es accom lis ed ollowi g a i a me odolog wi i eEuropeanValues Survey , ese ed i e Atlas o European Values(www.a laso e o ea val es.e ),i dica e e exis e ce o a ge e al e d owa ds ick ado io o val es a cai cl ded i e i divid alism ca ego , as i ad ee de ed Gee ho s ede.

m , c i

I divid alism ex esses e ex e o w ic socie e co ages i e e so al elaa d i divid al ac ieveme s. A ig deg ee o i divid alism s ows a e acce is lacedo i divid ali a d i divid al ig s; amo g e mem e s o socie e e a e ve wi e e so al ela io s. A low deg ee o i divid alism is ese wi i collec ivis sociwi ve ig ela io s amo g ei mem e s; ese c l es a e c a ac e i ed co solida io o ex e ded amilies a d comm i ies i w ic eac mem e is es o si le o

e o e s.

t e ea es o ese i e ma ela io s (i divid alism / c

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