Next-Generation Power Systems of CTBTO’s International Monitoring System (IMS)

November 15, 2018 Marián Jusko Seismic Engineering Officer, IMS/ED Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Vienna, Austria marian.jusko@ctbto.org

ABOUT the Treaty:

• The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization has a mandate to ensure no nuclear explosion goes undetected

• Opened for signature on 24 September 1996 with a task to construct the International Monitoring System (IMS) verification regime

to act as a deterrent against nuclear testing

• The IMS facilitates world-wide monitoring for potential nuclear tests through inspection of seismic,

infrasound, hydroacoustic, and radionuclide signals received near real-time at the CTBTO’s

International Data Center (IDC) in Vienna, Austria

Nearly universal:

Member States: 184 Total Ratifications: 167 Annex 2 Ratifications: 36 (As of November 2018)

Entry-into-Force pending ratification of 8 States (out of 44 nuclear technology holder States listed in Annex 2 of the Treaty)

Annual Data Availability (DA): ≥ 98% Annual Timely Data Availability (TDA): ≥ 97%

Stringent IMS requirements for:

Next-Generation Power Systems of CTBTO’s International Monitoring System (IMS)

-450C +700C

-400C +600C

OBJECTIVE:

Design a flexible power system platform which supports integration of multiple technologies and facilitates flexible exchange of

system components according to site-specific environmental and logistical factors

1. Devise reliable, purpose-built power systems to suit all IMS environments without the need of station-by-station redesign

2. Employ modular approach, which is flexible but also provides uniformity across all use cases, in support of both efficient

operations and economies of scale

3. Utilize open system architecture, supporting ad-hoc substitutions of power system components, easily adaptable to site-specific and

application-specific power input and output needs and environmental conditions

4. Need year-round uptime with fully autonomous and independent power sources, integrated with “smart” networked devices

facilitating real-time State of Health (SOH) monitoring, remote component management, and alert notifications

5. Generate “Clean Power”: Power system components must not compromise data quality within the Seismic, Hydroacoustic, and

Infrasound (SHI) IMS frequency band of 0.02-100Hz

6. Facilitate quick in-the-field deployment with minimized possibilities of installation errors:

“Design for Deployment” approach for simplified field installation and reduced technician competency requirement

(i.e. modular subassemblies, pre-connectorized cable harnesses with keyed connectors, etc.)

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS:

-400C +600C

APPROACH:

• Power systems categorized by load and environmental requirements:

Category I: Load ≤ 40 W Most IMS SHI stations without Global Communications Infrastructure (GCI) V-Sat equipment

Category II: Load ≤ 200 W Auxiliary Seismic stations with GCI equipment

Category III: Load ≤ 3 kW Central Recording Facilities (CRFs)

Category IV: Load 5–10+ kW CRFs also supplying power to the remote elements (IMS RN Stations with higher load requirements)

Category V: Polar Regions Category I-IV power systems with hardened components for extreme power environments

• In response to the design and technical requirements, the following two power system platforms were identified:

Remote Station Power System Platform: Loads from 40-200 W

Central Recording Facility (CRF) Power System Platform: Loads from 3 – 10+ kW

• Given the significantly larger load requirements associated with the CRF Power System Platform, the presented solutions for Category III &

IV power systems are commercially available turn-key systems from well established vendors and systems integrators, specializing in off-

the-grid power supply with similar system load requirements

• The Remote System Platform, on the other hand, offers great level of flexibility to customize or freely interchange any sub-system components as new products and technologies emerge on the market

Remote Station Power System Platform

PHYSICAL INTERFACE:

The platform has been designed to emphasize flexibility and

modularity. Omitting the power generation equipment, the

platform generally comprises of the below three physical modules:

HIGHLY-CUSTOMIZABLE ENCLOSURES

• Wide Ingress Protection (IP) rating up to IP66

• Insulated / uninsulated w. or w/o heating or cooling options

• Can be fitted with connectorized cable fittings (MIL-C, etc.)

• All components are DIN-rail mountable

• Stainless steel variants available for marine climates

• Pole-mount, wall-mount, chest-style options

• Suppliers: Eldon, Rittal, DPW Solar, Bison ProFab, etc.

• Flexible open-systems

platform facilitates free

inter-change of charge

controllers depending on

the site-specific use case

and availability, i.e.

Delta-q IC650: Cat. I. AC (1-phase)

Victron SkylaTG: Cat. II. AC (1 or 3-phase)

Tristar MPPT: Cat. I. or II. PV

• The capacity of the

battery bank is scaled

up or down to achieve

the desired backup

power autonomy

• All three charge controller examples classified as “smart” chargers with extended operating temperature range usable down to -400 C

POWER CONTROL CENTER (PCC)

• Remote control, SOH monitoring, and event notification of

critical subsystems is a key in operating mission-critical networks

• ControlByWeb X-600M I/O controller with X-16s & X-17s expansion modules facilitates fully

IP-enabled and robust industrial monitoring and control platform

• Modular, scalable, highly configurable and supports interaction and reporting via web server,

email, SNMP and other protocols (Modbus TCP/IP, etc.)

• Asynchronous alerts may be generated via SNMP traps for fault conditions and alarms

• Depending on component selection, system control functions may include:

Input power overcurrent alarm and remote reset

PV primary power disconnect on arc fault detection

Multiple load Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD)

Load on/off control, etc.

• B+B SmartWorx ESW205-T Ethernet Hub, to support interface with IP-enabled charge controllers

For added redundancy, Xeos XI-202 Iridium-based Short Burst

Data (SBD) satellite communication terminal may be included to

maintain remote monitoring and control in the event of primary

communication link interruptions

Hybrid PV (primary) / TEG (secondary) power system

• PV provides primary power 11 / 12 months

• TEG provides primary power in December and

acts as emergency backup throughout the other months

PS09 Yukon, Canada

FUEL CELLS:

• Newly emerging technology gaining in momentum due to

its environmental-friendly characteristics

• DMFC system successfully deployed at PS19 GERES yielding

100% data availability after nearly 2 years of uninterrupted operation

(efficiency of ~ 50-60%)

Central Recording Facility (CRF) Power System Platform

• Important selection criteria was to approach well-established vendors demonstrating past experience deploying

off-the-grid power systems in versatile environments similar to those of the IMS

• After engaging over 70 vendors, the following vendors were identified for further consideration and factory acceptance testing:

1. Polar Power Inc. (USA)

2. Eltek (Norway)

3. Northern Reliability (USA)

• Due to the above, high-capacity diesel generators are required to provide the necessary scalability

• Each CRF power solutions therefore consists of at least one primary power source and one backup power source

CRF POWER SYSTEM PLATFORM OBJECTIVE:

Following extensive market research and vendor

engagement, identify best-fit candidates providing turn-key,

off-the-grid power solution viable for the IMS Category III & IV

power systems with load requirements between 3 to 10+ kW

• All of the presented solutions support integration of several different power

sources, some of which may be supplied from an external soruce, or generated

locally (i.e. AC / PV / Wind / Diesel Generator, or any combination thereof).

• A key difference from the Remote Station platform is that the backup source is

expected to operate much more frequently at a CRF. This is because PV arrays would

generally have to be prohibitively large to support the full load independently year-round

• Polar Power engineers DC power systems for telecomm, military, renewable energy, marine, oilfield applications, etc.

• Features specialized DC generator-based system, which is physically smaller and considered more reliable due to the reduced

number of moving parts. Reduces dependency on battery banks as the primary backup power source (PV / DC gen. most reliable)

• Extensive polar experience with specialized components such as a supercapacitor for cold-start of the system and customized enclosures

with integrated DC-powered fans. Supports fully autonomous operation with remote control and monitoring

• Systems optimized for DC operation, but may also support AC input and loads with custom add-ons

I.e. solar array and wind generator can be added at any time for further fuel consumption reduction

• DC Generator designed for

extreme weather climates (all

aluminum cabinet with

stainless hardware, corrosion

resistant (IP 55))

• Compatible with various fuel

sources: propane, natural

gas, diesel

• 1.6m x 1.6m x 1.8m footprint

• Can operate 6-12 months

without maintenance

• Engineered to provide 15-25

year service life

• 800A or up to 1692A Lithium-

Ion battery capacity

• 24/7 NOC support and

monitoring

Eltek Flatpack2 System

• Modular solution designed for maximum flexibility and scalability, with support for

redundancy and hot-swapping of components (marine-rated components available)

• Supports various power sources (AC, PV, Wind, etc.), features automated battery testing

• Features unique “high efficiency (HE)” power conversion with rectiverters

• Advanced monitoring and control system via the Smartpack controller (with SNMP support)

• State of the art Eltek Flatpack2 UPS with Li-ion battery bank installed at PS28 Norway CRF

(acts as Category IV power system, also supplying load to all 25 remote elements; 100%

data availability since time of the installation in early 2016)

• Despite ~ 3 x the cost of traditional Sealed Lead Acid

batteries, the benefits include:

~ 2-3 x higher energy density

~ 50% weight reduction

~ 30% volume reduction

Larger operational temperature range (-400C to 600C)

Lower life cycle cost

Potential for 15+ year life cycle (with proper DoD management)

• Advanced Lithium-Ion battery storage (made by Saft)

features integrated thermal management to maintain

the battery bank within the optimal charge / discharge

temperature range

• Eltek provides a variety of environmental cabinets

with air filters, heat or cool control to facilitate

outdoor deployment in versatile climates

• Cabinets can be connected to the monitoring

network and controlled remotely

NRI UPS/SPS Hybrid Systems

• Provides off-the-shelf, customizable power systems for a variety of applications and climates

• Experience with a variety of energy technologies, including AC, batteries, wind energy systems,

generators, fuel cells, PV systems, environmentally-conditioned cabinets, and remote monitoring

Software

• Features separate AC and DC solutions combined to produce semi-custom platform

• AC mains support with the UPS 12 and scalable power generation with the modular SPS system (NRI’s backbone SPS hybrid power system consists of PV with diesel AC generator and/or wind turbine)

• Offers elegant monitoring and remote control solution

• Comprehensive system enclosure solutions for extreme environments

• Broad range of services also available: i.e. site analysis, feasibility studies, installation, etc.

• History of successful power system deployment in Polar regions (i.e. IMS station IS55 Antarctica)

• The proposed power system for the IMS CRF application by NRI consists of:

Hybrid PV / diesel generator system, with Wind as the optional secondary power source

Lithium-based battery bank installed inside appropriately insulated and ventilated cabinets

• The system allows for remote execution of command

& control such as: generator start/stop, equipment

power cycling, selective load shedding, etc.

• NRI Hybrid PV / Diesel Generator power system deployed at IS55 Antarctica in 2001 (still in use until present)

• CRF co-acting as power distribution source to 8 x IS55 remote elements

• PV array, consisting of 36 solar panels oriented to east and west

• NRI SC1000 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) controls all power functions

• For increased redundancy, critical power system components are doubled:

• Two independent diesel generators and rectifiers

• Two separate battery banks

• Two separate DC/DC converters inside all of the remote elements

IMS station IS55 – Windless Bight, Antarctica

Thank you!