Next Generation Networks and QoSNext Generation Networks and QoS

Koichi AsataniKoichi AsataniKogakuin University, TokyoKogakuin University, Tokyo

Chair Emeritus, IEEE CQR-TC Advisory BoardChair Emeritus, IEEE CQR-TC Advisory Board

International CQR Workshop 2007 International CQR Workshop 2007 May 16, 2007May 16, 2007Sanibel Harbour Resort & SpaSanibel Harbour Resort & Spa

IP Telephony Subscriber Number in JapanIP Telephony Subscriber Number in JapanＸ 104

0

200

800

600

400

1000

1200

2006.32004.122004.92004.62004.32003.12 2005.6 2005.9 2005.122005.3

0AB-J050-

Broadband in JapanBroadband in Japan

S1

0

50

100

150

200

250

1985

200520

00199519

90

Global International Call GrowthGlobal International Call Growth

source: http://www.dri.co.jp/auto/report/telegeo/telegeotg04.htm

Total Traffic (PSTN+VoIP)

VoIP

Note: Forecasted Data for 2003 and after

Billion Minutes

Evolution in Networks and ApplicationsEvolution in Networks and Applications

WWW

NGI

Internet

ARPA

Packet SwitchedNetwork

B-ISDN

ISDN

Digital TelephoneNetwork

Analog TelephoneNetwork

ftp telnet e-mail

Internet access

Datacommunications

Telephone

BroadbandStreamingADSL

FTTH

FWA

nGWL

NGN　Burst, StreamingUnicast, Multicast

Voice　　 sound 　 Video　　 Mutlimedia

FR

ATM

P2P

Network EvolutionTelecomApplications

InternetApplications

SDH

FAX

IP Telephony

Principles and ConvergencePrinciples and Convergence

Telecomism Internetism

End-to-end PrincipleEnd nodes are responsible.

End-to-end PrincipleEnd nodes are responsible.

Network PrincipleNetwork is responsible.

Network PrincipleNetwork is responsible.

Stateless networksStateful networks

Trustful networks Trustful end usersTerminal

liberalization

Non-transparent network Transparent networkISDN

PROXY,NAT,Firewall

Best effort networksQoS guaranteed networksADSL

flow control, RSVPMPLS DiffServe

Source:Rec.Y.2001

Generalized Mobility FMC

Unrestricted Access Open Access I/F

Service Separated Transport Architecture & Open API

QoS-enabled Transport

Multiple-Broadband

Manageable Broadband

Definition & Features of NGNDefinition & Features of NGN

Next Generation Networks (NGN)Next Generation Networks (NGN)

NGN Transport Functions

NGN Service-Related Functions

Telephone Services

Data Services (WWW, e-mail, etc.)

Video Services (TV, movies, etc.)

Internet Protocol

(IP)

Anything and Everything

Everything

(Any and All Network Technologies)

(Any/All Applications

e.g., voice, data, video)

Scope of the

Internet

“Service Stratum”

“Transport Stratum”

Source: ITU-T Recommendation Y.2011 — General principles and general reference model for next generation networks

NGN Release 3　 -RFID

NGN Release 2 -Entertainment -Home Networks

NGN Release 1-Multimedia-PSTN/ISDNEmulations

Services and Capabilities

Mid of 2006

Enhancement to Release 1Capabilities

Enhencementto Release 2Capabilities

Mid of 2007? End of 2008

-Multimedia-PSTN/ISDNEmulations

- Streamingservices

- Ubiquitous services

Release Approach for NGNRelease Approach for NGN

Complexity of NGN QoSComplexity of NGN QoS

• User-perceived QoS is end-to-end (cf. E.800)User-perceived QoS is end-to-end (cf. E.800)• NGN QoS is complex becauseNGN QoS is complex because

– NGN applications have diverse performance needsNGN applications have diverse performance needs– IP is not designed for consistent application performanceIP is not designed for consistent application performance

• Various mechanisms have been introduced with specific Various mechanisms have been introduced with specific applicability applicability

– Diversity in an end-to-end path is common owing toDiversity in an end-to-end path is common owing to• Different levels of QoS support in endpointsDifferent levels of QoS support in endpoints• Varying types of QoS support in the transportVarying types of QoS support in the transport• Multiple provider domainsMultiple provider domains

Multi-Service Packet Transport

802.xxAccess

2G/3GWireless

Cable

xDSL

Domain 1IntServ

Domain 4Over-Prov

Domain 2DiffServ

Domain 3MPLS-TE

N G N

Effective management of resource contention

Definition of QoSDefinition of QoSThe collective effect of service performance which determine the degree of satisfaction of a user of the service.

The QoS is characterized by the combined aspects of service support performance, service operability performance, serveability performance, service security performance and other factors specific to each service.

The term "QoS" is not used to express a degree of excellence in a comparative sense nor is it used in a quantitative sense for technical evaluations. In these cases a qualifying adjective (modifier) should be used.

ITU-T Rec. E.800

Definition of Definition of Quality of Experience ( (QoE)QoE)

The overall acceptability of an application or service, as perceived subjectively by the end-user.

The QoE includes the complete end-to-end system effects (client, terminal, network, services infrastructure, etc).

Overall acceptability may be influenced by user expectations and context.

User-Experience-Oriented Quality

ITU-T Rec. P.10/G.100

Standards Setting Organizations on QoEStandards Setting Organizations on QoE

VQEG: Video Quality Experts GroupJRG –MMQA: Joint Rapporteurs’ group for Multimedia Quality AssessmentFG-IPTV: Focus Group - IPTV

ITU-R SG6Broadcasting services

VQEG

JRG –MMQA

ITU FG-IPTV

ITU-T SG12Performance and quality of service

ITU-T SG9Integrated broadband

cable networks and television and sound

transmission

ITU-T SG13Next Generation Networks

CNAN ANCPN CPNTE TEUser User

Network Performance for NGN

Quality of Service for NGNQoE QoE

Man-Machine Interface

Man-Machine Interface

Network Interface

Network Interface

Quality of Experience

Quality of Service Network Performance

User oriented Provider oriented

User behaviour attribute

Service attribute Connection/Flow element attribute

Focus on user-expected effects

Focus on user-observable effects

Focus on planning, development (design), operations and maintenance

User subject Between (at) service access points

End-to-end or network elements capabilities

Ref. Configuration of QoS, NP and QoERef. Configuration of QoS, NP and QoE

ITU-T RACF ArchitectureITU-T RACF Architecture

Rs

Rw

Service Stratum

Transport Functions

PolicyDecisionFunction

PolicyDecisionFunction

Transport Resource ControlFunction

Transport Resource ControlFunction RACF

Transport Stratum

Service Control Functions(part of IMS or else)(part of IMS or else)

Service Control Functions(part of IMS or else)(part of IMS or else)

Rt

RdRp

Rc

Rn

Ru

Oth

er NG

Ns

Ri

TransportEnforcement

Function

TransportEnforcement

Function

Interconnection Functions PolicyEnforcement

Function

PolicyEnforcement

Function

Network Attachment Control Functions

• Policy Decision Functionservice facing, transport independent

• Transport Resource Control Functionservice independent, transport dependent, possibly network-segment specific

• Policy Enforcement Functiontypically part of border transport elements

intra-intra-domaindomain

inter-inter-domaindomain

RACF augments native transport QoS support Preempting transport congestion at

the service control layer

All applications (VoIP, IPTV, etc.) involving network-based control can make use of RACF via Rs

IP-based network performanceIP-based network performance

U

U

U

U

Class 5

1*10-6

1*10-5

50 ms

100 ms

Class 6

1*10-61*10-4 Upper bound IPER

1*10-51*10-31*10-31*10-31*10-31*10-3 Upper bound on the packet loss

probability IPLR

50 msUUU50 ms50 ms

Upper bound on the 1-10-3 quantile

of IPTD minus the minimum

IPTD

IPDV

400 ms1 s400 ms100 ms400 ms 100 ms Upper bound on the mean IPTD

IPTD

Class 7Class 4 Class 3 Class 2 Class 1 Class 0

Nature of Network

Performance Objective

Performance Parameter

Y.1541

Object Quality Assessments ModelObject Quality Assessments Model

G.1030 Annex A

(Web -browsing)

G.Chirp

(Web -browsing)

One -wayData

Application Scenario

BS.1387 -1One -way

(Listening quality)

G.OMV(Videophone)

J.148 (Multimedia)

Two -way

One -waySpeech/Audio and Video

?.YYY (Cable TV)

?.ZZZ (Multimedia)

J.144 (Cable TV)

?.XXX (Multimedia)

One -way

(Viewing quality)

G.107

(Telephone-band)

G.WBEM

(Wideband)

Two -way

(Conversational quality)

P.563, P.VTQ P.862/P.862.1 (Telephone-band)

P.862.2

(Wideband)

One -way

(Listening quality)

Network planningNon -intrusive monitoring

Benchmarking/

Intrusive monitoring

Estimated

subjective quality

G.1030 Annex A

(Web -browsing)

G.Chirp

(Web -browsing)

One -way

Application Scenario

BS.1387 -1One -way

(Listening quality)Audio

G.OMV

J.148 (Multimedia)

Two -way

One -way

?.YYY (Cable TV)

?.ZZZ (Multimedia)

J.144 (Cable TV)

?.XXX (Multimedia)

One -way

(Viewing quality)Video

G.107

G.WBEM

(Wideband)

P.CQO (Telephone-band)Two -way

(Conversational quality)

P.563, P.VTQ P.862/P.862.1

P.862.2

(Wideband)

One -way

(Listening quality)

Speech

Network planningNon -intrusive monitoring

Benchmarking/

Intrusive monitoring

Media

(Telephone-band)

NGN-related Standardization OrganizationsNGN-related Standardization Organizations

USA

Europe

ATIS

TTC (Japan)

TTA (Korea)

CCSA (China)

IETF

ETSI

ITU

AsiaTISPAN 3GPP

Next Generation IP Network Promotion ForumNext Generation IP Network Promotion Forum

• Established on Dec. 16, 2005

• Based on a report from MIC Study Group on Next Generation IP Infrastructure

• To Promote evolution to IP-based Networks in Japan

• Under close cooperation among industries, government and academia

Forum StructureForum Structure

Next Generation IP Network Promotion Forum

Chair: Prof. Tadao Saito (University of Tokyo)

Technology GroupChair: Prof. Shigeki Goto

(Waseda University)

R&D and Standardization GroupChair: Prof. Koichi Asatani

(Kogakuin University)

Planning and Promotion GroupChair: Dr. Yuichi Matsushima (NICT)

Strategic Planning WG

Home Networks WG

Challenges!Challenges!

• Latency aware network configuration Implementation: not a subject of standards

• Ubiquitous applications? – Transaction or (SIP) Connection?

• QoE/QoS on End-to-End base,

including Customer Premises Network, e.g.,Home Networks– No performance allocations to devices outside of

UNI– Multi-domain environments