Newton’s Laws Physics 113 Goderya Chapter(s): 5 Learning Outcomes: All.
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Transcript of Newton’s Laws Physics 113 Goderya Chapter(s): 5 Learning Outcomes: All.
![Page 1: Newton’s Laws Physics 113 Goderya Chapter(s): 5 Learning Outcomes: All.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649e7a5503460f94b7a92c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Newton’s LawsPhysics 113 Goderya
Chapter(s): 5Learning Outcomes: All
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Force
Force: It is a push or a pull.
Force has both magnitude and direction.
Force exist in a variety of situations.
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Types of Forces
• Contact Forces: Force is due to physical contact between the bodies. Example mechanical forces.
• Field Force: No physical contact is necessary to experience the force. Examples are Gravitational, Electrical, Magnetic, and Nuclear Forces.
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A New Era of Science
Mathematics as a tool for understanding physics
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Isaac Newton (1643 - 1727)
• Building on the results of Galileo and Kepler
Major achievements:
1. Invented Calculus as a necessary tool to solve mathematical problems related to motion
• Adding physics interpretations to the mathematical descriptions of astronomy by Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler
2. Discovered the three laws of motion
3. Discovered the universal law of mutual gravitation
![Page 6: Newton’s Laws Physics 113 Goderya Chapter(s): 5 Learning Outcomes: All.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649e7a5503460f94b7a92c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
A New Era of Science
Mathematics as a tool for understanding physics
![Page 7: Newton’s Laws Physics 113 Goderya Chapter(s): 5 Learning Outcomes: All.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649e7a5503460f94b7a92c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Isaac Newton (1643 - 1727)
• Building on the results of Galileo and Kepler
Major achievements:
1. Invented Calculus as a necessary tool to solve mathematical problems related to motion
• Adding physics interpretations to the mathematical descriptions of astronomy by Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler
2. Discovered the three laws of motion
3. Discovered the universal law of mutual gravitation
![Page 8: Newton’s Laws Physics 113 Goderya Chapter(s): 5 Learning Outcomes: All.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649e7a5503460f94b7a92c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Newton’s Laws of Motion (1)
1. A body continues at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by some net force.
An astronaut floating in space will continue to float forever in a straight line unless some external force is accelerating him/her.
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Newton’s Laws of Motion (2)
2. The acceleration a of a body is inversely proportional to its mass m, directly proportional to the net force F, and in the same direction as the net force.
a = F/m F = m a
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Newton’s Laws of Motion (3)
3. To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
The same force that is accelerating the boy forward, is accelerating the skateboard backward.
M = 70 kg
m = 1 kg
v = 7 m/s
V = ?
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The Universal Law of Gravity
• Any two bodies are attracting each other through gravitation, with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their distance:
F = - G Mm
r2
(G is the Universal constant of gravity.)
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Gravity and Distance: The Inverse-Square Law
Inverse-square law• relates the intensity of an effect to the inverse-
square of the distance from the cause• in equation form: intensity = 1/distance2
• for increases in distance, there are decreases in force
• even at great distances, force approaches but never reaches zero
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Inverse-Square Law
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Inverse-Square Law
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Universal Gravitation
Universal gravitation• everything attracts everything else
example: Earth is round because of gravitation—all parts of Earth have been pulled in, making the surface equidistant from the center
• The universe is expanding and accelerating outward.