President's CommuniqueO.H.F. NewsArchaeological Fieldwork PositionsO.AS. 18th Annual Symposium, Oct. 1991DISCOVERY AND EXCAVATIONS AT THE POOLE-ROSE

OSSUARY ... Heather McKillop & L. Jackson 9Open House at the O.A.S. Office 14ONE BEAR OR TWO TOO ... John Steckley 15A Little Known Composition by the Founder

of The O.AS.A Letter from IrelandUP YOUR NILE: WITH VIOLET AND ME

... Christine Caroppo... Gloria M. Taylor

... J.V. Wright 17. ..Peter G. Ramsden 18

AnnouncementsFromm the O.AS. Office ....Murder at The Columbus CentreO.A.S. ChaptersO.A.S. Provincial Officers

... H.E. Devereux 2030

... Charles Garrad 35383940

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-q=Hello and welcome to 1991! There are severalitems of news to relate. First, I'd like towelcome all of the new members who have beenelected and those who have agreed to serve thisyear on Chapter executives in appointedpositions. All charitable organizations, and oursis no exception, rely heavily on volunteerlabour. I hope that your experience on an OASexecutive will be a rewarding one.

Than\cs to each of you who took the time overthe holidays to think about, fill in and send backyour referendum response. We received abouta 10% response rate. This is pretty goodconsidering the time of year and the fact that itwasn't an election per se. The overwhelmingmajority (ca. 75 %) agreed to the Constitutionalamendments proposed at the Annual BusinessMeeting held during the Symposium.Therefore, among the other amendments, theOAS now has an Executive Committee of sevenpersons. Unfortunately, Bernice Field, who hadagreed to serve as a Director, has had towithdraw regretfully from the Executive due toconflict of interest guidelines imposed upon heras a result of her successful job application tothe Ministry of Culture and Communications astheir Data Coordinator. Good news for her, badnews for us. The remaining Executive, myself,Mike Kirby, Ellen Blaubergs, Laurie Jackson,Art Howey and Bruce Welsh, will make adecision shortly to have a full-blown election orto attempt to fill the position by appointment.Meanwhile, if you think you'd like to join theteam and help run the OAS, please phone orwrite me as soon as possible.

With an ever-shrinking pool of interested andtalented people who care about the Society, whoare not already occupied with otherarchaeological organizations and who are not inconflict of interest situations, it becomes

increasingly difficult to find anyone willing tostand for OAS Executive office. What about thescores of under-thirty-five year-olds who areworking in the archaeological consultingbusiness? A shocking number do not careenough about the discipline in Ontario to evenbelong to the OAS let alone to offer to helpmanage the Society. What will happen to us ifthis trend continues? Those of us who arealready helping will only get greyer and burntout. It seems to me that there are virtually noyoung people in this discipline who are willingto learn about it via helping run the Society and,perhaps, one day accept the mantle ofresponsibility to manage it. Has the time-honoured notion of apprenticesh ip ceased to beviable in the 1990s

Other news ... After his appearance at the OAS40th Anniversary Symposium last October, I hadthe pleasure to meet the Hon. RosarioMarchese, Minister of Culture andCommunications, again over lunch at an eventhosted by MCC for the presidents of severalprovincial heritage organizations in November.The Minister shared with us his vision forheritage in Ontario and his concern that it shouldbe accessible, representative and equitable. Heis especially concerned with communities withinOntario which are ethnically, geographically orracially disadvantaged. He also stated that anew Heritage Act and a new Archives Act werehigh priorities for him. In a speech to MCCstaff in December Minister Marchese said, "Forour part, I think we must recommit ourselves tothis Ministry and its mandate ... We must makethe people of this province, including mycolleagues in government, understand theimportance of culture and communications. Iknow we can do that." and also "I would liketo work with you to see heritage years (1991-93)dedicated to the project of education; to

heightening the awareness of all Ontarians to ourcollective heritage, architecture, people, and ournatural environment. Securing the new OntarioHeritage and Archives acts would be areasonable goal." (Insight, Jan 91, p.2[employee newsletter: MC and MCCD. Alsoilluminating, is the following quote from thesame publication, same page: "Staff concernsand uncertainty about the separation of theHeritage Branch and the Ontario HeritageFoundation and about the relocation of thefoundation to Renfrew were voiced by severalmembers of the audience. It is important tounderstand that the decision about the relocationof the aHF was not taken on an individual basisbut as part of the whole package of ministryrelocations, the minister explained. Failure tofollow through with the relocations would haveresulted in great difficulties for the government,the minister added, but Deputy [Minister] Silcoxis part of a committee dealing with the moves,and we urge you to pass on your informationand concerns. The same message applies to theseparation, he continued. "I want to give itmore consideration and will be speaking withthe deputy about it. We want to hear fromyou." ... ".

While it is true that these words and theinvitation to tell the minister about concernswere spoken to MCC staff, I believe that theopportunity to tell him what ~ think aboutRenfrew should not be missed. I am sure thatmost MCC Heritage Branch and OHF staff arenot in favour of the move as it makes littleeconomic sense. Managing their portfolio ofproperties and continuing liaison with thearchaeological community, largely located welloutside of Renfrew, would seem to me to bemore expensive and less efficient than thecurrent arrangement. If you feel this way, writethe Minister, or the Premier, Bob Rae.

Do you enjoy a good murder mystery book ormovie on TV? Do you like Italian food? Wellthen, have we got a deal for you!! As a resultof the favourable response we received to lastyear's endowment fundraising dinner in honourof our own Michael Kirby (Treasurer and ArchNotes editor extraordinare), the Executivedecided this year to offer relief from the cabinfever season in the form of an evening of good

food and entertainment. Mark your calendarsfor SATURDAY, MARCH 9191 and plan toattend our very own MURDER MYSTERYEVENING in Toronto. There will be a cash bar(and clues) beginning promptly at 7:00 p.m.This will be followed by a fabulous 5-courseItalian meal prepared by the renowned chefs ofthe Columbus Centre: mixed antipasto, pennealia Vodka (pasta), vitello al Barolo (veal in redwine), salad, tirami su (dessert to die for),coffee or tea, and more clues. The eveningcontinues as someone is murdered and we alljoin in solving the crime. Why not put thoseanalytical minds of yours, long-practised atmaking typologies and sense out of mysteriousflakes, sherds and stains, to work on a case ofmurder! Sorry, nominations for the victim cannot be accepted. In addition to all this good funand good food, the event is designed to raisemoney for our Endowment Fund. Last yearwe raised $1500.00 in donations and we hope toequal or surpass that total this year. The ticketprice per person is $70.00 including dinner,entertainment and a donation to the OASEndowment Fund. A receipt for tax purposeswill be issued in the maximum amountallowable. It should be around $20.00 but theexact figure will depend on the numberattending and our % GST rebate from the Fedson our food and entertainment costs. I trulyhope that you can join us on MARCH 9th at theColumbus Centre (Lawrence Ave and DufferinSt in Toronto's west end; parking available) forwhat will be another fabulously enjoyableevening. Shake off your winter doldrums andorder your ticket today. Please call JaneSacchetti, event organizer, at (416) 789-7011ext. 208 or me, (416) 466-0460, for moreinformation or to buy a ticket. If for somereason you can't join us that evening, you maywish to help by sending in a donation to theEndowment Fund for which you will receive areceipt for the whole amount.

Remember also, our annual OPEN HOUSE willbe held during Heritage Week on Sunday,February 24/91, between Noon and 4:00 p.m.We will have hot coffee and teas, soft drinks

The Board of Directors of the Ontario HeritageFoundation is pleased to announce the awardingof the following grants:

RESEARCH

An amount of up to $9,253 to Hugh Daechselfor a project entitled Lines House ArtifactInventory & Preliminary Analysis.

An amount of up to $9,500 to Scott Gillies fora project entitled Cherry Hill Project.

An amount of up to $1,263.50 for Susan Jim-enez for a project entitled Analysis of Injury andInfectious Disease in an Historical SkeletalSample from Belleville, Ontario.

An amount of up to $8,858.75 to Martha Lattafor a project entitled Beeton Site Analysis.

An amount of up to $6,888.50 to John Letts fora project entitled Analysis of Charred PlantRemains Recovered from the 1990 Excavationsat Ste. Marie Among the Hurons, Midland.

An amount of up to $9,500 to Heather McKillopfor a project entitled Late Woodland Culturaland Biological Adaptations: The Poole-Rose~.An amount of up to $2,375 to James Molnar fora project entitled Analysis of 1990's HunterPoint Excavations.

An amount of up to $4,613.20 to Shelley Saun-ders for a project entitled Analysis of SkeletalRemains from St. Thomas Cemetery, Belleville.

An amount of up to $4,222.25 to GordonWatson for continuation of a project entitledRideau Lake - North Sand Island Sites Analysis.

An amount of up to $2,047.25 to Bernice Fieldfor a project entitled The Nested Shoulder: AnEnigma in Shape and Function.

An amount up to $7,000 to Ron Williamson toassist in the publication costs of The Snake HillManuscript.

NORTHERN INITIATIVES

An amount up to $9,578 to Julie Matey Conwayfor a project entitled Provincial Parks Rock Art~.An amount up to $7,050 to Scott Hamilton fora project entitled Curation of ArchaeologyCollections at Lakehead University.

The Student Grant competition at the end ofJanuary, 1991 completes the fiscal year 1990/91grant year. During this period, 18 Research, 10Northern Initiative and 3 Aid to Publicationawards were made.

During 1991192, the deadlines will be April 30thand October 31st for Research, Northern Initi-ative and Aid to Publication applications andJanuary 31st for Student Grants. At this time,these are the 2!l!v. grants that will be madeduring 1990/91.

Following are the guidelines for Research andAid to Publication grants. Grant applicationforms are available from my office.

ARCHAEOLOGY RESEARCH GRANTGUIDELINE

INTRODUCTION

The Ontario Heritage Foundation (OHF) recog-nizes the importance of supporting the valuableresearch being done to increase the knowledgeand improve techniques in archaeology relevantto Ontario. The Archaeology Research Grantprogram administered by the ArchaeologyCommittee endeavors to maintain this importantwork through their financial support.

PROGRAM OBJECTIVES

To promote and improve the quality of funda-mental research in archaeology relevant toOntario.

To provide financial assistance to persons whowish to carry out projects which are directlyrelated to the archaeology of Ontario.

AWARD AMOUNT AND GRANT PERIOD

Up to $10,000.00 (subject to availability offunds) to be used over a maximum period of 12months. For a project expected to continue forlonger than 12 months, a second application maybe made for renewed financial support.

Awards will be granted for up to 100% ofproject expenses. Partial funding for largeprojects is available. Application for fundingfrom other sources is encouraged and will notadversely affect the application with the OHF,Archaeology Committee.

DEADLINE

Applications are to be post-marked no later thanOctober 31 for spring and early summer projectsand April 30 for projects to be done in latesummer and fall.

ELIGIBLE APPLICANTS

Individuals conducting research projects. Appli-cants may be associated with an organization

. such as a heritage group, museum or university;however, they must apply on their own behalfand the applicant must be the principal investiga-tor.

ELIGIBLE PROPOSALS.

Archaeological studies conducted in or related toOntario are considered to be eligible. Qualifiedproblem-oriented projects will be given priorityover applications such as those involving datagathering.

Research projects could include but are notrestricted to fieldwork (both land-based andunderwater), laboratory analyses, specialiststudies (faunal analysis, etc.), archival research,analysis of existing collections and relatedsubjects.

CANDIDATE SELECTION

Generally, applicants will be considered twiceannually for review by the OHF ArchaeologyCommittee at its meetings in the winter forapplications received by the October 31 deadlineand in the spring for those received by April 30.

Final recommendations for approval of archaeol-ogy research proposals will be made by theArchaeology Committee, and must subsequentlybe approved by the full Board of Directors.

ARCHAEOLOGY RESEARCH GRANTGUIDELINEApplicants will be notified of the Committee'sdecision regarding their application within 3months of the submission deadline.Successful applicants must take up the firstinstalment of the grant within six months of theOHF Chairman's letter of approval. All grantswill be paid directly to the individuals; if how-ever, the applicant chooses, the grant may beadministered by a consenting incorporatedagency such as an institution or heritage societywhich is audited annually.

COMPLETION OF THE APPLICATIONFORM

The text of the project description should con-tain background of the research, objectives ofthe project, proposed methods, theoretical andpractical significance in general and from thestandpoint of the discipline of archaeology.Also included should be an appropriate andlegible series of maps showing where the projectwill be located or indicate from where theinformation under study has been derived.

GRANT IN-AID-OF PUBLICATIONGUIDELINE

INTRODUCTION

An important part of any research is the sharingof the knowledge gained from the endeavor. Inmany cases however, once the project is com-pleted, there are no funds remaining for publica-tion and the information is not shared as widelyas it could be. The Grants in-Aid-of Publicationprogram was designed to provide funding forjust this reason. By increasing the number andvariety of publications, it is hoped that moreinformation will be available to the generalpublic and serve to stimulate their interest inarchaeology in Ontario.

PROGRAM OBJECTIVES

To increase the number of publications concern-ing archaeology in Ontario that can be made

available to the public and the archaeologicalcommunity.

PURPOSE

To provide financial assistance to persons whowish to publish original material directly rel-evant to the archaeology of Ontario.

AWARD AMOUNT AND GRANT PERIOD

Up to $5,000.00 (subject to availability offunds) to be used over a maximum period of 12months. For a project expected to continue forlonger than 12 months, a second application maybe made for renewed financial support.

Awards will be granted for up to 100% ofproject expenses as well as partial funding forlarger projects. Application for funding fromother sources is encouraged and will not adver-sely affect the application with The OntarioHeritage Foundation (OHF), ArchaeologyCommittee.

Applications are to be post-marked no later thanOctober 31 or April 30.

ELIGffiLE APPLICANTS

Individuals with original material consideredeligible for publication.

ELIGIBLE PROPOSALS

Any publication involving archaeological studiesrelated to Ontario is considered to be eligible.

CANDIDATE SELECTION

Generally, applicants will be considered twiceannually for review by the OHF ArchaeologyCommittee at its winter meetings for applica-tions received by the October 31 deadline and inspring for those received by April 30. Finalrecommendations for approval of publicationgrant proposals will be made by the Archaeol-ogy Committee, and must subsequently beapproved by the full Board of Directors.

Applicants will be notified of the Committee'sdecision regarding their application within 3months of the submission deadline.

Successful applicants must take up the firstinstalment of the grant within six months of theOHF Chairman's letter of approval. All fundswill be disbursed directly to the publisher.

COMPLETION OF THE APPLICATIONFORM

The text of the project described should containbackground of the research, objectives of theproject, theoretical and practical significance in

'general and from the standpoint of the disciplineof archaeology.

Supporting documentation should include a letterfrom the publisher confirming their quote andagreement to publish the work .•

ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELDWORKPOSITIONS

ENVIRONMENTAL UNIT,

MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION

The Ministry of Transportation will be conduct-ing a number of archaeological surveys andsalvage excavations in southwestern and south-central Ontario during the summer of 1991.Several fieldcrew positions will be available.Interested applicants should send a curriculumvitae or resume to:

Paul Lennox, Archaeologist

Environmental Unit, Southwestern Region,Ministry of Transportation, 55 Centre Street,London, Ontario N6J 1T4

Gary Warrick, Archaeologist

Environmental Unit, Central Region, Ministryof Transportation, 5th Floor, Atrium Tower,1201 Wilson Ave., Downsview, Ontario M3MU8

The Ontario Ministry of Transportation is com-mitted to equity in employment and encouragesapplications from aboriginals, francophones,persons with disabilities, visible minorities, andwomen. Applicants from these groups are askedto self-identify .•

TOOLSfor

TOMORROW

ARCHAEOLOGICAL METHODS FOR THE21ST CENTURY

ONT ARlO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY18th ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM

This symposium is a specialOttawa Chapter 20th Anniversary Event

to be celebrated in Ottawa, the Nation's CapitalOctober 25,26 and 27th, 1991

The theme of this year's symposium is archaeological methods in the 21stCentury. Recently, significant technological advances have been made inmany areas. Our purpose is to examine advances in technology and tofind out how these may be applied to archaeological research in years tocome.

Papers should focus on the application of new technologies to solvingarchaeological problems. Potential subjects for presentation might includethe following: field recording, mapping and survey techniques; remotesensing; records martagement and infonnation sharing; imaging systems;conservation; dating and chemical analysis; computer mapping anddrafting; and public interpretation and education.

We welcome papers from researchers in other disciplines that may berelevant to the field of archaeology.

In addition to papers relating to our theme, we invite papers and postersdealing with recent archaeological research in Ontario.

Please submit paper and poster abstracts (100 words) by May I, 1991 to:

Programme Committee1991 O.A.S. Symposium

P.O. Box # 4939 Station EOttawa, Ontario

KIS SJl

For further information, please contact Kathi McAinsh during office hoursat: (613) 566-3731

ID~SCOVfEIRY ANID fE)(CAVA 'f~ONS A l' 'flHlfEfOOlfE-IROSfEOSSUAIRY

,by HEA THER MCKILLOP and LA WRENCE JACKSON

The Poole-Rose ossuary was accidentally dis-covered during house renovations in the summerof 1990 by building contractors who weredigging a trench for footings to an additionseveral meters from the back door of a nine-teenth century farmhouse. The skeletal remainswere reported to the police, who immediatelycontacted Chief Nora Bothwell of AldervilleFirst Nation, who asked the authors to accom-pany her to the property to evaluate the site andsuggest courses of action. Under the currentCemeteries Act of Ontario, the site clearlyrepresents a cemetery since more than oneindividual was buried (Cemeteries Act;McKillop 1989, McKillop and Bothwell 1989).

The owners of the property--a family renovatingan old derelict house in the country for theirhome--were faced with a dilemma: It wasinappropriate to have a registered cemetery acouple of meters from their back door. Theywere made aware of the significance that thelarge burial site held for the First Nations'peoples, and the fact that they, as owners of theproperty, were legally and financially respon-sible for closing the cemetery and having thehuman remains removed, if that became anoption. Alderville First Nation people knew thatcultural and biological information aboutAmerindians can be obtained from the study ofskeletal remains and that archaeologists andosteobiologists can often provide informationabout the age at death, sex, lifeways, and healthof the people from their bones. Alderville hasonly accepted native skeletal remains for burialif the remains have been studied with respect toage, sex, and health status.

The property owners made an agreement withAlderville to have the ossuary archaeologicallyexcavated and the skeletal remains studied withfinal reburial at Alderville, with attempts to

recover the costs of the excavation from govern-ment and other agencies. The Registrar of theCemeteries Branch of the Ministry of Consumerand Commercial Relations requested a "SiteDisposition Agreement"--a requirement of thenew Cemeteries Act which is not yet in forcebecause the Regulations to the Act have not beenfinalized. The landowners complied with thisrequest. Another section of the new CemeteriesAct states that when the investigation of a burialsite causes undue financial hardship on thelandowners--which this Poole-Rose Ossuaryclearly did--the Registrar of the Act wouldundertake the investigation. All appeals made tothe Registrar for financial assistance have beenrefused to date, on the basis that the new Cem-eteries Act is not yet in place. However, effortswill continue to provide financial compensationto the landowners for their attention to theheritage value of the ossuary and their respectfor the First Nation's views on disinterment.

Background

Fieldwork consisted of two phases: an initialinvestigation to determine the nature, size, andcultural identity of the remains; and a secondaryphase consisting of complete excavation of thesite. The site was deeply buried and had beenlargely preserved until recently (except for pipesto the barn and the well) under an old additionto the farmhouse. However it was not untilskeletal remains were exposed in the trench dugby building contractors in 1990 for footings toan addition that the site's existence becameknown. The trench exposed skeletal remains intwo small areas, giving the false impression ofa very small burial event. In fact, the policereport suggested that two bundle burials wererepresented. Our subsequent initial investigationrevealed that the site was a major ossuary ofgreat significance both to archaeologists and tothe First Nation's peoples in eastern Ontario.

The term "ossuary"--meaning burial pit--hasbeen used in the Northeast to refer to a varietyof multiple burial practices. These includearticulated human interments in one or moreburial pits, such as at the Grimsby Site (Kenyon1982), disarticulated human skeletal remains ina large burial pit, such as at Uxbridge (Pfeiffer1980), Fairty (Anderson 1963), Ossossane (Kidd1953), among others, or both articulated,bundle, and disarticulated burials, such as atIndian Neck (McManamon et al. 1986) and thePoole-Rose ossuary.The practice of ossuary burial emerged as acommon burial type during the Middle OntarioIroquois stage of the Late Woodland Period(Molto 1983: 51), but was present also in theMiddle Woodland Period, for example at theKipp Island Site in New York State (Ritchie andFunk 1973: Figure 16). In Ontario, there are anumber of Late Woodland and early historicossuaries geographically concentrated in south-central Ontario between Lake Erie and LakeHuron (Figure 1: Molto 1983: Table 2.1, Figure2.2, Table AI).

FieldworkOur initial investigation consisted of delimitingthe horiwntal extent of the burials and theirdepth. We discovered that the site is approxi-mately 2.5 meters in diameter and denselypacked with human skeletal remains. The top ofthe ossuary is some 2.5 meters below the pres-ent ground surface, which has been modifiedduring the last century. The maximum depth ofthe ossuary is about 1.5 meters.

In excavating the ossuary we devised ways ofexposing, recording, and excavating the remainsquickly and effectively. A grid network consist-ing of one meter units was established over theossuary area and related to a permanent datumlocated adjacent to the house. The grid was asemi-permanent wood frame that was leveled sothat depth measurements could be taken fromthe frame. Additionally, the grid supportedportable string-grid frames used for drawingplan views and taking photographs of theskeletal remains.

The ossuary was excavated in one by one meterunits. A bone layer was exposed and each bonein that layer was identified and labeled on a

drawing or photograph and removed into aseparate paper bag with a number correspondingto the number on the drawing or photo. Proxi-mal and distal ends of long bones and depthmeasurements were also recorded for individualbones. The latter part of the excavation wasconducted in 20 cm levels since it was clearfrom the disarticulated nature of the remains thatnothing could be gained from continuing toexpose each bone layer and record each bone insitu.

Description and SignificanceThe ossuary consisted of the disarticulatedremains of several hundred individuals and threearticulated, flexed burials of adults. The condi-tion of the skeletal remains was excellent. Theskeletal samples appear to represent a naturalpopulation, with a wide range of ages frominfants to the elderly, and both males andfemales.

With no associated artifacts to date the site, wewere fortunate that Alderville agreed toradiocarbon dating of a bone sample to deter-mine the age of the ossuary. A late prehistoricage is indicated by the radiocarbon date of A.D.1550 +/- 50 years--indicating there is a 68%probability that the age is somewhere betweenA.D. 1500 and 1600 (Beta-39029).

The study of burials represents a valuable opp-ortunity to learn of peoples' past Iifeways.Unlike the secondary deposits of middens,burials represent the material remains of arecognizable activity or event: Archaeologicalexcavation at the Poole-Rose ossuary clearlyindicates that the human skeletal remains weredeposited as a single event, since the matrix ofthe bone deposit lacks soil fill or soil layersseparating bone layers. Certainly the patterningof the human skeletal remains from the Poole-Rose ossuary fits the description of the "Feast ofthe Dead" ceremony witnessed by the Jesuitmissionary Father Brebeuf in 1636 of a Huronburial ceremony. The ceremony evidentlyincluded the people who had died in the previ-ous 10 years (Trigger 1969; Tooker 1964). KenKidd (1953) has convincingly argued that theOssossane ossuary near Midland in Huronia thathe excavated in 1946 was the remains of theFeast of the Dead ceremony witnessed by

Brebeuf. Some 680 individuals were excavatedfrom the Ossossane ossuary.

Various researchers have suggested that ossuarysamples may not represent such a representativecross-section of the community as is implied bythe historic accounts (Sutton 1988; Katzenberg1984; Molto 1983, among others). Certainly atleast some infants who were buried insidevillages were not disinterred (Kapches 1976;Saunders and Spence 1986; Fitzgerald 1979:Knight and Melbye 1983; Williamson 1978).Others, including warriors, suicides, and drown-ing victims were evidently not buried inossuaries (Sutton 1988). However, valuabledemographic and cultural information has beenobtained from analyses of ossuaries in Ontarioand elsewhere in the Northeast. Analysis of thePoole-Rose ossuary remains will provide a rareglimpse into Late Woodland cultural and bio-logical adaptations in eastern Ontario.

Acknowledgements

The initial investigation and subsequent excava-tion was funded by the landowners, which hascaused them financial hardship. Chief NoraBothwell and others from Alderville encouragedand supported the project in many ways. Thecapable and energetic field team consisted ofDiane Poirier, Bev Bly, Sean Watts, MartinBetcherman, Kevin Armstrong, Cathy Ysinga,and Nicole Ough. Barbara Poole, DavidCrowe, Julie Bothwell, Lorelyn Giese, MarianClark, Bev and Thomas Boyce, and JulieCormier also assisted in the excavations.

References Cited

Anderson, J. E.

1963 The People of Fairty: An OsteologicalAnalysis of an Iroquois OssuarY. Dept. ofNorthern Affairs and Natural Resources, PaperNo.2, Ottawa.

Fitzgerald, W. R.

1979 "The Hood Site: Longhouse Burials in anHistoric Neutral Village." Ontario Archaeology32: 43-60.

Kapches, M.B.

1976 "The Interment of Infants of the OntarioIroquois." Ontario Archaeology 27: 29-39.

Katzenberg, M.A.

1984 Chemical Analysis of Prehistoric HumanBone From Five Temporally Distinct Popula-tions in Southern Ontario. Archaeological Sur-vev of Canada. Mercury Series. Paper 129,National Museum of Canada, Ottawa.

Kenyon, W.A.

1982 The Grimsby Site: A Historic NeutralCemetery. Royal Ontario Museum.

Kidd, K. E.

1953 "The Excavation and Historical Identifica-tion of a Huron Ossuary." American Antiquitv18: 359-379.McKillop, H.

1989 "Act Now Before It's Too Late: Com-ments on Bill 31, An Act to Revise the Cem-eteries Act." Newsletter of the Association ofProfessional Archaeologists 1(1): 4-8.

1990 "Emergency Excavation of a Native Cem-etery in Northumberland County: The WilliamsOssuary." Ms. on file, Dept. of Geography andAnthropology, Louisiana State University, BatonRouge.

McKillop, H. and N. Bothwell

1989 Issues and Concerns About UnmarkedBurials and Bill 31: An Act to Revise theCemeteries Act. Paper presented in the Session"Native Peoples in Archaeology" at the OntarioArchaeological Society Annual Symposium,London.

McManamon, F.P., J.W. Bradley, and A.L.Magennis

1986 The Indian Neck OssuarY. U.S. Depart-ment of the Interior: Cultural Resource Man-agement Study No. 17.

Molto, J.E.

1983 Biological Relationships of SouthernOntario Woodland Peoples: The Evidence ofDiscontinuous Cranial Morphology. Archae-ological Survey of Canada Mercury Series Paper117, National Museum of Canada, Ottawa.

Pfeiffer, S.

1983 "Demographic Parameters of the UxbridgeOssuary Population." Ontario Archaeology 40:9-14.

Saunders, S.R. and M. W. Spence

1986 "Dental and Skeletal Age Determinationsof Ontario Iroquois Infant Burials." OntarioArchaeology 45: 45-54. ~

Sutton, R.E.

1988 "Palaeodemography and Late IroquoianOssuary Samples." Ontario Archaeology 48:42-50.

Ritchie, W. and R. Funk

1973 Aboriginal Settlement Patterns in theNortheast. New York State Museum andScience Service Memoir 20, Albany.

Tooker, E.

1964 An Ethnography of the Huron Indians.1615-1649. Bureau of American Ethnology,Bulletin 190: 1-183.

Trigger, B.

1969 Farmers of the North. Case studies inCultural Anthropology, Holt, Rinehart, andWinston, New York.

Williamson, R.

1978 "Preliminary Report on the Human Inter-ment Patterns at the Draper Site." CanadianJournal of Archaeology 2: 117-121.

. 1989 Bill 31: An Act to Revise the CemeteriesAct, Province of Ontario .•

Figure 1.

Location of Selected Ossuaries in SouthernOntario (after Molto 1983: Fig 2.2 and TableAI)1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.

22.23.24.25.26.

Poole-RoseWilliamsUxbridgeGarlandFairtyTabor HillKefferKleinburgGlen WilliamsCartonMiddleportOrchidOssossaneMauriceSyersBosomworthInnisfilNottawasagaMilneWentworthAaron MainDorchesterHumberstoneSherk'sClearvilleGrimsby

continued from page 16ONE BEAR OR TWO TOO

Sagard, Gabriel1866 Histoire du Canada (page refs. to diction-ary) Paris, Edwin Tross1939 The Long Journey to the Country of the~, Toronto, The Champlain SocietyPotier, Pierre1920 The Fifteenth Report of the Bureau ofArchives for the Province of Ontario, 1918-1919Toronto, Clarkson W. JamesSteckley, John L.1984 "Whe were the Kontrande,enronnon7" inArch Notes 84-3:33-35, Ontario ArchaeologicalSociety

1990 "One Bear or Two" in Arch Notes 90-6:29-33, Ontario Archaeological SocietyThwaites, Reuben G. (JR)1896-1901 The Jesuit Relations and AlliedDocuments 73 vols., Cleveland, the BurrowsBrothers.

LakeHuron

OPEN HOUSEat the

Meet your Executive ...Browse the library ....See where it allhappens !l!

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Sunday, February 24Noon to 4.00pm.

at 126 Willowdale Ave.,Willowdale, Ontario(416) 730-0797

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In a recent edition of Arch Notes I contendedthat "there existed a dialect and hence an ethnicdistinction within the Bear tribes (sic) of theHuron. " (Steckley 1990:29). My evidencecame from a three-fold distinction of -!!ll≪/-!l!!!!ll!:-/-!ID!:- sound sequences in the Huronlanguage sources of the 17th and 18th centuries.The first-named sequence appeared in JesuitFather Jean de Brebeufs Ledesma Catechismand the early (up to 1641) Jesuit Relations. Thesecond sound sequence could be found in theworks of Recollect Brother Gabriel Sagard andin a minority of examples in the French-Hurondictionaries. The third variant appeared in thelater Jesuit Relations (Le., after 1641), in theHuron-French dictionaries (which were designedlater than the French-Huron ones) and a distinctm~ority of examples in the French-Hurondictionaries. For my hypothesis the most im-portant distinction was between the first twosound sequences, as they both came fromwriters recording the speech of members of theBear tribe. My claim was that as Brebeuf andthe other early Jesuit writers were living invillages in the northern part of Bear territory,and as those villages were acting independentlyat that time in key political matters, then the -!!Ww- form recorded there represented a north-ern Bear dialect. Further, I asserted that asSagard (and Le Caron, who supplied him withmuch of his linguistic material) lived in moresoutherly villages, then the -m!!!!l!:- recordedwas a feature of a southern Bear dialect. Ad-mittedly, that is a lot to claim based merely onone feature. Since that time, however, I haveapplied the hypothesis of a southern/northerndialect split in the language of the Bear toreanalyse other distinctions that arise in theHuron linguistic sources of the 17th and 18thcenturies, and have come across supportingevidence: the -!£I-/-ll;- distinction.

The -kr-/tr- Distinction

In the Huron language sources of the 17th and18th centuries a distinction emerges betweensources containing words with -!i!;- and those

by JOHN STECKLEYthat have words with -tt- in cognate terms.

'Sources bearing -~- words are virtually ident-ical to those with -!!:U&!ll:-. These words appearin the Ledesma Catechism and in the early JesuitRelations, differing only from -~- words inthat they appear until slightly later in the JesuitRelations. There are nothing but -Jg:- forms(appearing as -!9l-, -!s!ll:- and -Jg:-) from 1635 to1640 (JR:115, JRlO:72, 204, 206, JR13:48, 104and 212, and JRI8:232). In a prayer of 1641(JR21 :254-260) there are a good number of -Jg:-words, but, in the name of an Algonkian group,"Tontthrataronon" (JR20:246), we find a wordwith a -tt- in it, a name that appears in 1643,again with a -tt- ("Atontrataronnons"; JR27:36).In 1645, the last -Jg:- word appears, in the name"Tokhrahenehiaron" (JR27:252). From 1646 onin the Jesuit Relations we get nothing but -t!;-words (see "Andotraaon" and "otrih8re" in1646; JR30:22 and JR28:230 respectively).1646 seems to have been a year of dialect shiftin the writing of the Jesuit Relations, as we alsohave the first Huron word recorded with thenon-Bear feature -,- (Le., "hou,oucsta", JR28:1-58).

The -tt- words appear not only in the later JesuitRelations, but, as with -m!!!!l!:- words, in Sag-ard's works and the French-Huron and Huron-French dictionaries. I propose from this that the-t!;- form was a feature of the southern Bear andnon-Bear dialects.

A competing hypothesis could be proposed,however, stating that as more than one dialect ofHuron appears in Sagard' s dictionary, wordswith -tt- in them merely provide further evi-dence that non-Bear words appear in Sagard,something already known. (1) Not findingsomething does not necessarily mean that it isnot there. The absence of words with -Jg:- inthem in Sagard's dictionary does not necessarilymean that -~- was missing from my proposedsouthern Bear dialect, unless you can demon-strate that -tt- occurs with features identifying aword as being Bear. Otherwise, the -tt- wordsmight just be non-Bear words. There is evi-

dence that can disprove this counter hypothesis,that demonstrates that -11;- is a southern Bearfeature. It comes from the following two entriesfrom Sagard' s dictionary; both of which containwords that have both -11;- and -~- (appearing as-~-in the first example -mli- in the second), thelatter a feature of both southern and northernBear (2):

"Assieds-toy, retire-toy plus de lacontre Ie bordo

"Sakiathraha." (Sagard 1866:128; see Potier1920:331 #7 "Satiatra8a ... retire toi. .. (with thenon-Bear -1:£-) ")"Nous allons combattre contre les N. Onnenondathrio haquiey N." (Sagard 1866:67; the"haguiey" is a Bear version of the -(h)atie-progressive suffix described in Potier 1920:60-1"De verbis Motus et Continuationis")

Examples

The following are five different verbs taking -lg;-/-11;- forms. They illustrate the forms taken byNorthern Bear (i.e., the material recorded byBrebeuf and the other early Jesuits), SouthernBear (i.e., the material collected by Sagard) andnon-Bear (i.e., the material appearing in thelater Jesuit Relations and the Huron-French andFrench-Huron dictionaries):

1) -~- (semireflexive prefix -.i!1- plus the verbroot -!!:lli2- 'to fight, kill'; Potier 1920:269-270#37)

a) Northern Bear - "nonakhriochaens ... auxennemis" (Brebeuf 1830:14, lines 37-38)

b) Southern Bear - "lis s'entrebattent, ils s'ent-retuent. Ondathrio, Yathrio." (Sagard 1866:67)

c) Non-Bear - "Atrio ... se battre, ond/aie/ d'a8at-rioch. Nos Ennemis" (FHI697:22)

2) -,entron- (verb root 'dwell, stay'; Potier1920:392 #17)

a) Northern Bear - "ihenkhon" (Brebeuf 1830-:14, lines 8-9) "que ie n'y fusses present. de teikhontak" (JR21:254, 1641)

b) Southern Bear - "II est dans Ie nid, il est a T.pI. T. iheintchon. " (Sagard 1866:35) "Iedemeure, demeurayie. Gyachontaque." (Sagard1866:49)

c) Non-Bear "demeurer ... ,entron"(FHI697:50)

3) -atrihote- (verb root 'to listen'; Potier1920:203 #47)a) Northern Bear - "escoutez sakhrihote'(JRlO:68, 1636)

b) Southern Bear - "Entend son admonition,entend, escoute ce que i'ay a te remonstrer.Satchiotey, Satthriotey." (Sagard 1866:57)

c) Non-Bear- "Ecouter. ..Atrihote" (FHl697:59)

4) -atri.en- (verb root 'be a lover', Potier1920:203-204 #43)

a) Northern Bear - "teechiakhroande ... Luxurieuxpoint ne seras" (Brebeuf 1830:9, Line 28)

b) Southern Bear - "Vas-tu point faire I'amour?Techthrouandet." (Sagard 1866:82)

c) Non-Bear - "Atro,en ... faire I'amour"(HF62:42)

5) -atrande,en- (semireflexive prefIX, emptynoun root, plus verb root 'to join' (see Steckley1984)

a) Northern Bear - "Conkhandeenrhonons"(JR8: 115, 1635) "Konkhandeenhronon"(JRI8:237, 1640)

b) Southern Bear - "Onthrandeen " (Sagard1939:53 and 231)

c) Non-Bear - "Kontrande,en" (JR30:165, 1647)

FOOTNOTES

1 - see John Steckley "Toanche: Not WhereChamplain Landed", Arch Notes March/April1987, pp29-33

2 - see John Steckley "The Early Map"Nouvelle France": A Linguistic Analysis",Ontario Archaeology No. 51, p19.

REFERENCES CITED

Brebeuf, Jean de

1830 "Doctrine Chrestienne, dv R.P. Ledesmede la Compagnie de Iesvs," in Samuel deChamplain, Voyages: ou journal des descouver-tes de la Nouvelle France, tomes I-III, Paris1830

FH1697 French-Huron dictionary, ms., c1697

HF62 Huron-French dictionary, ms.

A UTTUE ~NOWINl COMIPOS~T~ON[BY THE IFOUNDE~ OIFTHIE ONT A~~O ARCHAIEOlOG~CAl SOC~ETY

In light of the reponse to Helen Devereux'sreminiscences in her October Ridley Lecture atthe O.A.S. annual symposium I thought theSociety membership might find the following ofinterest.

Last month Dr. William E. Taylor Jr. kindlysent me a section of Dr. Henry B. Collins'excavation log for the 1955 field season whenhis crew consisted of Dr. J. Norman Emerson,Dr. William E. Taylor Jr. and myself. Theportion of the log deals with the excavations onWalrus Island, a small island 50km southeast ofthe south coast of Southampton Island in thenorth end of Hudson Bay, N.W.T. During ourexcavation of a Dorset culture site on this tinyisland a horrendous storm struck with snow andocean spray and winds so intense that the seathreatened to flow over the gravel isthmuscontaining our camp. With some considerableeffort we managed to re-establish our camp upin the rocks away from the sea and against acliff that gave some protection from the howlingwinds and snow. Everything was cold and wetincluding us. Mikituk and Naleruk were helpedin moving their tent beside ours and while BillTaylor prepared dinner with the very pregnantMrs. Wilmar, the wife of the Disney cameramanon the island taking footage for the movie ArcticWilderness, the rest of us moved the Wilmartent up out of reach of the sea. With everyonelaying about in the tent after dinner trying tothaw-out Norm Emerson picked up his guitarand played the following song for which he hadcomposed the lyrics. The song is sung to thetune of "Pagan Love Song" (the oldsters canhum a few bars for the youngsters to get themstarted).

Come with me where breakersPound the boulder shoreAnd the ancient TunitWalk the rocks no more.Deep and jagged ridgesGround by ice and snowHaul - up place of walrus,Barren above, - below.

This is Walrus IslandBlack and gray and drearWhere no moonlight glistensAnd no moonbeams peer.Land of ancient TunitsHouse rocks fallen inLichen covered relicsOf a life that's been.

Land where Nanuk wandersSeas where Ivik dwellsWhere great silence settlesAs the tide just swells.Stinking, bug-filled waterFills your cup of teaCome with me to WalrusIf Dorset you would see.

~Dorset - Late Palaeo-Indian cultureTunit - Inuktitut for the people who had

settled the Arctic beforethem i.e. the Palaeo-Eskimos

Nanuk - polar bearIvik (Aivik) - walrus .•

Dr. Peter G. Ramsden, 43 Monacurragh, Carlow, Ireland. Tel 42935

14 November 1990

Here as promised is an epistle from Ireland. Idon't know if you are familiar with the EmeraldIsle at all, but if not, it's pretty much the wayyou probably picture it: very green, often dampand cool, and teeming with history, in stone andtradition.

Carol and I have rented a house on the semi-rural outskirts of Carlow, a town of about 12000people on the River Barrow, just over an hour'sdrive southwest of Dublin. The town itself isn'treally much to write home about, although it toohas its interesting aspects. The countryside,however, is very scenic gently rolling greenfarmland nestled among a series of higher hills.The Barrow at this point winds between theKilleshin ridge on the west (part of the Castle-comer Plateau), and the outliers of the Black-stairs and Wicklow mountains on the east. Itmakes for quite breathtaking vistas from certainpoints in the valley, with scattered villages and

. hamlets and the lush green fields and hedges onthe valley floor contrasting quite starkly with thedarkly wooded or barren hilltops.

The weather so far has been pretty kind to us.September was gorgeous, October a bit dullerand wetter but still mild, and November so fara mixture of brisk sunny days and mild cloudyones. Due mainly to the cost, we decided not tobuy a car (insurance rates for first time buyersare astronomical), but to rent one when we needit for going on trips, etc. Instead, we boughttwo second-hand bikes, and use those for everyday transport. We have done a couple of (forus) major trips on them: one foray to thevillage of Baltinglass about 15 miles away (up inthe hills!), to track down my grandparents in theparish register. Not having been on a bike sinceI was 11 years old, I was initially a bit hesitant,but like they say, once you learn ...

Turning to archaeology: The archaeologicalteam I am working with consists of MarekZvelebil from U. of Sheffield, Stan Green fromU. of South Carolina, and a geomorphologist,

Mark Macklin, from U. of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Marek and Stan started a project yearsago, looking for Mesolithic occupation (ca 9000B.P.). They found lots of Mesolithic surfacescatters by field walking, which represented amajor contribution since prior to that there wasno solid evidence for Mesolithic occupation insoutheastern Ireland. However, they didn't findthe kind of preserved, excavatable deposits theywere hoping for, and decided to move theproject upstream to the middle Barrow valley,where they had reason to believe that early siteswould have been preserved by extensive alluv-iation. This is the point at which I joined theproject (more or less by historical accident).

The whole team got together at our house forabout a week back in September for someexploratory work. We motored around theBarrow valley, getting familiar with the land-scape, and giving Mark a chance to size up theriver's history, and get some idea of what kindof sedimentation has gone on here in the past10,000 years. We also checked out a fewlocations that we knew had produced Mesolithicartifacts. We didn't uncover anything news-worthy, of course, but the outcome was quitepositive. Mark was confident that the valleyfloor history is one that is conducive to thepreservation of occupation sites, and that itwould be relatively easy to figure out wherethey should be. Actually getting at them mightbe another story, but I suppose we'll tackle thatproblem when it arises.

I am currently the resident project member,since the others are now all back at their teach-ing jobs (poor sods). My role over the winter isto examine the records and collections at theNational Museum in Dublin, and to build a fileof information on locations in the valley thathave produced Mesolithic/Early Neolithicmaterials, as well as to do some field walkingwhen the opportunity presents itself. After thespring ploughing is done in March, the whole

team will re-convene, with whatever other helpwe can muster, and do some serious surfacesurvey of likely locations, as well as sometrenching to obtain stratigraphic sections throughthe valley alluvium. If things go well (whichseems to happen about 30% of the time), weshould have a site or two that would repay someinitial excavation in the summer. If things don'tgo well, I suppose we'll all be looking for work.

Avocational archaeologists seem to be less inevidence here than in Canada, in some ways.Prehistoric archaeology is a relatively unknownfield here, and not very prominent in the publicawareness. So it is relatively uncommon to findpeople who are keen on going out to find prehis-toric sites, or to collect from them, althoughthere are a few. On the other hand, local his-tory and heritage, and Irish heritage in general,are very prominent themes everywhere. Justabout every county and most towns have at leastone historical society or archaeological society.These are most concerned with visible builtheritage, and with recent history and genealogy.Carlow town has two societies: the Old CarlowSociety, and the Carlow Historical Society,which have something of a rivalry goingbetween them since, of course, support fundsand memberships are limited. Most of the townand county societies publish journals, some ofwhich, like the Kerry and Kilkenny journals,have become historical/archaeological journalsof high academic repute, with national andinternational circulation.

I am scheduled to give a few talks to localsocieties over the next several months. Initiallythey seem keen to hear about archaeology inCanada, but eventually I think they will be mostinterested in hearing about archaeological newsfrom Carlow area, once I have something toreport. The situation is not too different fromthat in Canada: people are fascinated to hearabout the prehistoric past, but generally they areunaware of it, except for the obvious existenceof ring forts and dolmens scattered around thecountry. There have been a few spectaculardiscoveries in different parts of Ireland over thepast couple of months: a hoard of Iron Agegold objects discovered in quarrying operationsin Wexford, and a complete system of Neolithicto Bronze Age settlements and fields preserved

beneath a peat bog in Sligo, covering severalsquare miles. These both received pretty goodpress coverage, and stirred up a fair bit ofinterest. Of course, as in Canada, the broad-casting of such amazing discoveries makes ourfriends wonder why we're not doing news-~orthy stuff like this, instead of grubbingaround looking for bits of broken flint. "Whyare you wasting your time here in Carlow. Youshould be up in Sligo; there's lots of ... " etc.

This coming weekend we are going to theautumn meeting of the Irish Association ofProfessional Archaeologists (yes, even in Ire-land ... ) to take in a session on current fieldwork, spend lots of money on books, and gen-erally mingle. Hopefully, some newsworthyitems of interest to an Ontario audience willemerge from that.

Anyway, that's the news from Carlow. Sorry tohave taken so long to write, but I actuallystarted on this letter about a month ago, believeit or not. Further bulletins will undoubtedlyfollow. Give our best to the OAS.

Sincerely,

Peter.

The a.A.S. Endowment Fund

guarantees your immortality!

Invest now in Archaeology's

future ... phone (416) 730-{)797

INTRODUCTION

When you start out to try to try to write up yourtrip to Egypt, you soon find out it's hard toremember in detail most of what happened andwhen. You can't just say: on Monday we wentto see the pyramids. It's got to be more thanjust your itinerary: you've got to try to make itinteresting. The answer, of course, is to keep aconscientious journal. However, out of nineteenof us on the trip, I only heard of one whomanaged to do this.

When you get to Egypt, it's not easy the firstweek as you feel exhausted from getting readyfor the trip, light-headed from jet lag, and hyperprobably because everything is so different.The second week, you are bound to get thetrots, etc. and are tired anyway from too muchsun, too many late nights and all the rest of theusual sins. So there's only one other wayaround the problem of writing up your trip, andthat's just to haphazardly write up what youhappen to remember! That's what I've donehere. Of course, there's no guarantee you getthe facts right or that anybody else agrees withwhat you happen to write. After all, it's justyour idea of what went on. If they want toargue, just tell them to write up their ownversion!

Now you may think that maybe we ought tohave gone somewhere else a bit more politicallysettled. However, these places are gettingharder and harder to find, especially if they areworth going to. Because of politics, I believeour party got smaller and smaller as the yearwent by. By November 3, only nineteen endedup going.

It is my opinion that the people in the group goa long way to making it a great trip or a rottenone. There are two things you might like toknow about this particular group. Firstly, only

two of us (Violet and I) were the ones who hadTilley hats, or anything else Tilley for thatmatter. This was a big let down, as every otherO.A.S. overseas group has had its picture pastedup in Alex Tilley's emporium with everyone onthe trip wearing something they bought atTilleys.

The second unusual thing about our group wasthat there were eighteen women and one man(other than our travel agent). Our ages rangedall the way from about thirty to into ourseventies. The average age must have been overfifty. What a great group we had! All kinds ofskills and tempered experience were freelyshared both in good times and when the chipswere down (fever of 102 etc.). I can onlybelieve that if we all ever got together to workon an archaeological site, that expedition wouldbe close to perfect!

Now there are a million simply fascinatingthings in Egypt that it would be great to writeabout. But lots of them are no total surprise aswe've most of us lived with pictures of them allour lives. The pyramids are very huge and verytriangular, the desert is very yellow and empty,and the feluccas slide down the Nile in thegolden sunset just as the calendars show. Thecamels are enchanting, but have very foulbreath, and most of the temples are massivewith rows of pillars and hieroglyphs that go onand on and on. It's no use my attempting toadd to what you already picture. What I'vedone is to talk about the small moments that fillin the cracks: about dead camels, kinship,haggling, pelicans and so forth. To find outwhat the big things are really like, you have togo there yourself.

SPEAKING OF ARABIC

It is comparatively easy for a Canadian to getalong in Egypt because Egypt struck me as

being really bilingual--at least in any place atourist is likely to want to carry on a conversa-tion. In fact, the Nile Valley has probably beenso overrun by tourists from allover the world,that it is not uncommon to find a number oflocal people with at least a smattering of anumber of languages which they are willing totry out on you.

As an instance, take the monumental complex ofKarnak which fairly boggles one's mind. Ourparty had made its way through the ruins, andwere sitting near the sacred lake drinking bottledpop before the long, hot trudge back to the bus.

Now Egyptian ruins are usually fraught with anumber of individuals trying to make a littlebaksheesh off the rich tourists (me? surely not!)who come to ogle the architecture. Many ofthese individuals are young, often politelyaggressive fellows peddling souvenirs: scarab(dung) beetle of stone or ceramics, stone cats,cheap beads, and of course the ubiquitous papy-rus paintings, of which I take this opportunity tolet you into a few secrets.

These "papyrus" paintings are of two kinds:those made of banana leaves with the picturestamped on, and then there are the legit onesmade of the papyrus plant with handpaintedpictures. You can easily distinguish these, ifyou have a little nerve. The banana leaf oneswill crack noticeably if you roll them up. Onthe true papyrus ones, the paint will smear ifyou spit on the end of a sly finger and give it alittle rub.

Another type who tries to make a little bak-sheesh on archaeological sites are usually oldermen wearing dusty galabeya's and a selection oftowels for a hat. They lurk behind pillars andbeckon with a curled forefinger, saying in a loudwhisper: "Come with me and I'll show youthings you never saw before!" You then photo-graph this rarity and hand over a few Egyptianpounds for the privilege. Since I'm not aninstamatic user, I was frequently in the rear ofmy group, (in fact definitely well behind),looking for the right shot, twiddling with thefocus of my camera and changing lenses. Andso I was not uncommonly approached by somegallant with curling finger and promises ofKarshean content. Now the message 'I would

see something I hadn't seen before' didn't washwith me as I hadn't seen any of it before. So Ilearned to deter these temple denizens politelyand take the pictures I wanted to take withoutdoling out my Egyptian pound.

, Now to get back on track to our group relaxingaround the sacred lake (you didn't need to be St.Peter to walk on this lake!). One of the enter-prising fellows above described approached ourgroup and struck up a conversation. He wasparticularly proud of his linguistic accomplish-ments. He chatted easily in Italian with Louisaand Maria, and in a bit of Spanish and a bit ofFrench with some of the others. All this besideshis excellent English, of course. As we heededthe call to begin our straggle back to the bus, Iwas of course in the rear as usual, since I hadsomehow also managed to be in the rear of thelineup at the pop stand. Our polyglot, seizing alast opportunity to amaze another tourist with hislinguistic ability, asked me if I spoke any Ara-bic.

"I only know one word" I said, desperatelytrying to recall any of the half dozen I hadcarefully memorized the month before from myBlue Guide to Egypt.

"And what word is that?" he asked interested inpursuing the matter.

Now I might stress that no matter how badgeredI was by the locals, I always endeavoured to beas politel as possible. Egyptians are probablyone of the most polite peoples I have so far runinto. At the same time, my mind was busytrying to fathom how this fellow was going tomake any baksheesh out of this conversation.So, caught up in the situation, I launched forthinto my only Arabic word (I hoped) which I gotout of an Introductory Physical Anthropologytextbook some thirty or so years ago.

"B-i-l-h-a-r-z-i-a", I intoned slowly and distinct-ly in case a few of my phonemes were not up toscratch.

He looked thoughtful for a moment and I couldalmost hear him roll the sound around on hisversatile tongue, trying to make sense of it.

"And what is the meaning of that?" he finallyenquired politely.

"It is an incurable liver disease that one getsfrom snails that live in the Nile" I confidedinformatively.

"That's not very nice" he replied somewhattaken aback.

"No, it's terrible" I agreed.

He regarded me quizzically for a split second,and as he turned on his heel, threw me a final,doubtful glance out of the corner of his eye. Igalloped off after Violet who was quickly disap-pearing behind a long column of gigantic pillars.

That was my first and last conversation inArabic. It had turned out to be a dismal flop.However, I really couldn't see that it was all myfault, as all I was trying to do was to be politewith a stranger.

KINSHIP TERMINOWGY

When I was an undergraduate in Anthropology,I studied one aspect called "kinship terminol-ogy". I took this to mean that kinship terms,such as mother, brother, cousin, for example,are more than just labels. Each term signifieshow a person with a particular label is to betreated. The term therefore has a behaviouralrequirement which acts as a blueprint with

. which both parties are familiar and base theirexpectations.

By keeping my ears open in Egypt, I began todetect this mechanism in operation. As a matterof fact, I got caught up in it myself, although itwas all pretty one-sided.

The first instance that rang a bell for me wasconnected with the guide we had in Luxor. Thisyoung man, who allowed he had a PhD, had thejob of taking us through Luxor Temple andKarnak. He was a short, sturdy young manwith obvious Nubian ancestry. He wore ahospital-green shirt and pants, and white base-ball cap always. He seemed to take pride in thefact that he always carried his favourite flyswatter. This was made up of a short piece ofhorse's tail, set in a turned wooden handle, andhaving a rawhide loop through the end of thehandle. I never saw him without his fly swatterand whenever he launched forth upon his spe-cialty (hieroglyphs and ancient social organiz-ation he flailed away with his swatter. Heexplained to us that it was also useful as an air

conditioner as well as flailing at flies. Myself,I ran into barely any flies in Egypt, perhapsbecause it was winter. However, I can see insummer it might have been pretty handy. Iguess the habit had set in and he swung it overhis head no matter what the season.

At one point, in the hypostyle at Karnak, hetook the trouble to explain the swatter repre-sented a woman: the knob on the handle wasthe head, the turned handle the trunk, the cordloop was the arms and the horse tail part theskirt. I thought this was stretching the point abit. It was also not very flattering as the sym-bolic woman was turned upsidedown most of thetime. I guess I missed his point somewhere.

To get back to the subject of kinship, it wasapparently very important to our guide. Whenhe first met us, he began by introducing hislineage as we got information about his grandfa-ther and his father. Then he organized hisworld by designating our one male member as"king" and the rest of us as "queens". Now ourone male member protested loudly that hesimply didn't want to be a king. Not deterredby this denial, our guide began to move aroundour circle, ceremoniously swinging his flyswatter over each head in turn and proclaiming:"you are Queen Violet, you are QueenCatherine, you are Queen Louisa," and so ondown the line. "You are all my queens" hebeamed happily. This seemed to me like abackhand way of proclaiming himself king.And, if we were all to be elevated to such socialheights, I certainly hoped for some pretty highclass treatment.

Now this bit has nothing I can see to do withkinship, but it all seemed to be part of thescene. Our guide stated he had decided to callour group "moonlight". When we heard himholler "moonlight" we were all to come flockingfrom whatever part of some ruin we had inad-vertently (or advertently) strayed.

Needless to say, the "moonlight" and royalty bitwent over like a lead balloon as our group wasmainly made up of mature, professional women.Eventually someone took him quietly aside andtold him he would get a better response if hecalled us "O.A.S." and that none of us whatso-ever had any ambition to ascend any throne,

imaginative, symbolic or real. Eventually hegot the point and we were summoned by thecall: "O.A.S., O.A.S.," instead of "moonlight,moonlight" . He also substituted "sisters" for"queens". He assured us at the beginning ofeach meeting, and several times in between,"You are my sisters". This was a compromisemost of us seemed willing to go along with forthe duration of our stay in Cairo.

The second instance in which kinship reared itssocial head occurred at our hotel, the SheratonLuxor. This is a very nice hotel. Now eitherbecause of the political situation in the NearEast, or whether it was just a matter of keepingyoung unemployed men off the streets, or a bitof both, there were lots of Egyptian soldiersaround urban centres. They stood around forhours on end in front of embassies, politicianshouses, large hotels and there were two or threeat every intersection of any size. In addition,down sidestreets, under big shady trees, oneoften saw army trucks with six or eight soldierssitting around drinking pop under the canvas-covered back of the truck. As well as havingsoldiers keeping an eye on the place, the Luxoralso had a young man sitting outside the frontdoor. He sat at a desk which sported a largeregister and a single rose in a bud vase. He wasformally dressed in western business suit andtie. He seemed to watch people coming andgoing out of the main entrance to the hotel. Igathered he could ask anyone to let him peerthrough their shopping bag or purse. Althoughhe eyed my bulging purse the first time I passedhim, he apparently thought better of it, a rare bitof wisdom on his part.

Now this young man was a very pleasant youngman, as are most Egyptian young men. As Icame and went, I would nod politely at him andhe would nod back. I gathered that even thisnodding was somewhat of a break in his dull jobfor I never saw him do anything but nod.

One morning as I headed out the front door ofthe Luxor and into the little mall that was partof the Luxor enclave of buildings, he lookedexpectantly at me and I could say he had some-thing to say:

"You are my mother" he said with a certaindecisiveness.

That brought me skidding to a halt, and beingsuddenly very conscious of his jet black visage,and wondering whether this meant I would haveto send him to college, I answered with morepuzzlement and surprise that social acumen:

, "How can that be?"

"Well" he said patiently, "You are forty aren'tyou?"

"Closer to double that" I said ruefully.

His face fell a bit, and he seemed disappointed."Oh well," he said, "good morning anyway".

And that, I guess, was the end of that relation-ship. I don't remember seeing him again withhis big register and rose. Maybe sometimes itis better to go along with something when youare not sure what it's all about. That doesn't gofor everything, of course.

I guess the moral to all this is that if you go toEgypt, and according to my Introductory Anth-ropology book lots of other places, you canexpect to develop a lot of new relatives--but forthe duration only.

HIGH FINANCE

Shopping in Egypt for the Canadian tourist canbe an exhausting business. Polite and pleasantas Egyptians are, when it comes to business witha tourist, he's out for blood! The only comfort-able place for tourists to shop is in a governmentstore where there are fixed prices on signs. Butgovernment stores seemed few and far betweenand ninety-nine per cent of the time you are upagainst shops, stalls and peddlers.Consequently, if you are going to arrive homewith any sort of genuine Egyptian loot, you'vegot to get into a big argument every time!

Now there are a couple of things that soon occurto you as you are embroiled in these hassles:first, you know that you are rank amateur at thisand "they" are skilled professionals. Second,are you really going to try to weasel a few morepounds or piasters out of these none too privi-leged hucksters? And three, do you really wantto display your inept behaviour to all and sundrywho may gather to watch the fray? None of theabove imbue you with any kind of burst ofconfidence when your covetous eye falls upon asequinned galabeo you would kill for, or a

plaster statue of a dung beetle (scarab) thatevery tourist must acquire for the folks backhome.

But by personal misadventure or by being partof the self-same audience mentioned above, Imanaged to come up with a few rules for shop-ping in Egypt in nongovernment places. Thefirst rule is that you can't win by starting toolow. If you do, the fellow (I don't rememberany women selling) will stop smiling, his facewill drop a foot, his mustache will twitch withannoyance, and he will throw up both handswell over his head (unless, of course, he'sclutching the prize you've got your eye on).The looks in the eyes of any Egyptian presentwill reduce you to a pulp. You are not playingaccording to the rules! Best thing to do is togather your shattered dignity about you, andmanage to convey that you have an imminentspeaking engagement, or the bus is going toleave without you, and make for the nearestdoor or whatever constitutes out.

A second rule is: unless you know exactly whatyou are about to haggle about, you are highlylikely to find you have made an unwilling dona-tion to somebody or other. For example, if youdon't want to end up swanking around in a blueplastic necklace at lapis lazuli prices, you'dbetter be able to tell them apart. A third rule isto be sure you have the same thing in the bagthat you bought. When you finally manage tobuy something, you don't want to get to yourhotel and find you have something else in thebag. My fourth rule is that haggling is not overtill you hit the sidewalk. Only when you arepractically out of sight down the street will yoube sure a last offer will not come ringing inyour ears.

Now nobody ever tells you these rules the firstday you step off the plane. It took me twoweeks of bumbling about to find out. Oh yes,there's one more rule (number five) I shouldpass on: never be surprised at what turns up inone of these deals that seems at first to beentirely irrelevant. This rule bolsters my confi-dence no end in the current Theory of Chaos.I have to be careful I don't apply this to nearlyeverything that happens. If you haven't run intothis theory yet, do rush off to your nearest

library and bone up on it--it's a whole lot betterthan most science.

However, to get back to trying to buy somethingin Egypt, let me just illustrate almost everythingI've said above with a few things that happenedto me.

You know what it's like the last day of a trip.Just one more person on your list you've setyour heart on. You've just got to find them agenuine Egyptian souvenir of your trip. Now Ifound it hard to shop in Egypt for nephews,uncles, brothers, and such. As my eye wan-dered over the vast array of stuff, Ijust couldn'tsee them doing anything with any of it exceptput it on the mantel for two weeks and thenrelegate it to the garage. So I ended up with alot of key rings with various things dangling thatwere very Egyptian: ankhs, pyramids, donkeys,beetles, etc. Except of course for the T-shirt formy nephew that had emblazoned on the front abright yellow picture of a package of camelcigarettes. You will remember it has a verylarge camel, a bit of desert and I think a palmtree or two. At the top of the picture are thewords, in black print: NINE OUT OF TENMEN WHO TRIED CAMELS, and at thebottom of the picture: PREFERRED WOMEN.This shirt was a big hit here in Toronto and Ishould have picked up a dozen of them insteadof the key rings. But that's so much water overthe dam now.

To get on with my last minute shopping, Idashed down to one of the little shops in thehotel, the old British colonial hotel in Cairocalled "Shepheards". For an old hotel, it'sreally quite swish, although not quite so swishas the Pullman Cataract at Aswan. Now you'dthink that Shepheards would have rather classyshops and that shopping in them would have acertain air of refinement about it. But, as I saidin rule number five above, you should never besurprised at anything here.

This little shop was not at all classy and down abit of a back hall off the main lobby. I alreadyknew some of our group had managed to comeoff with some real bargains in T-shirts. I alsoknew the shop had some key rings made with(old?) Egyptian coins, and that I had managed toget rid of most of my Egyptian money as

nobody else seems to want it. It was my inten-tion to make a quick purchase of a key ring andbe gone. However, the fellow behind thecounter put the kibosh on that. He was a large,pale, elderly man who, after the fact, I couldsee was like a spider waiting for a fly and thatfly was me in a hurry. The price of the keyring I pointed to, he said was such and such.Now I'm no expert on Egyptian coins, but thisone smacked of aluminum and not that old. Itwas not worth anything near what he asked. Ihad also realized that a woman shopping aloneis especially easy prey. (This is actually rulenumber six which I forgot to put in earlier). SoI offered him less than what I thought it wasworth to me. He got irritated at this, and kepton insisting on a price that was too high for thekeyring and for what Egyptian money I had left.

"I haven't go that much Egyptian money left"said I betraying my hand. "And my planeleaves this afternoon".

"Then you must have some American money"he said, eyeing my purse. "How much haveyou got?"

I thought this more than a little nervy. "This isall I've got" I insisted. "If you are interested,fme, if not, I'll have to go elsewhere". And Istarted for the door. (Remember the rule aboutthe door?)

"Why are you so hard to do business with", heshouted after me impatiently. Then, surprising-ly, "Have you got any gum in your purse?".

That stopped me up and I hesitated. Now I'mnot a gum chewer being trained in my youth(the forties and fifties) that it is not ladylike, atleast in public. I guess the idea has stuck withme."No, I have no gum" I said puzzled.

"Well, have you got any candy in your purse. "

It was more of a demand than a question andwithout thinking I obediently stepped back in thestore. I dug into the bowels of my purse, whichhad gathered stratigraphically over the twoweeks in the streets and deserts of Egypt. Ithad, and still held a variety of stuff. At times ithad included breakfast rolls with cheese whichI would deliver to the odd, particularly skinnybeggar kid who came around with grubby little

paw upraised and fly-blown misery in his eyes.I found about a half a roll of Lifesavers, whichI held out. He grabbed it and laid it downbeside the keyring on the counter.

"Is that all you've got" he demanded, stilleyeing my purse.

Still puzzled, but by now engrossed in my task,I rooted around some more. I came up with anew roll of Hall's honey cough drops. Hegrabbed that too and laid it out beside theLifesavers.

By now it had dinged on me that this was notjust a friendly request for a cough drop or stickof gum. While he looked on expectantly, I cameup with a plastic strip with three pink lozengesembedded in it.

"That's all I have" I said, dangling them beforehim. He must have thought they were pepper-mints or something. I laid them down alongsidethe rest of the stuff. And I added the last of myEgyptian pounds and piaster notes. He lookedat his "take": on one side the keyring, and onthe other the stuff from the bottom of my purseand the money. I could see him carefullyweighing things out in his mind. What anexciting moment! I almost caught the idea ofhaggling, but not quite. Finally, he shoved thekeyring toward me and with a disgusted lookstuffed the candy in his pocket and went over toput the money in the till.

Now I really hated to part with my PeptobismalTablets as they were all I had left. The thirteenhour, nonstop flight to New York, by way ofIceland and Greenland and the Labrador, couldhave been awful if I had had an upset stomachwhich I can quite easily do.

If you want my opinion, I'd rather go out to thedrugstore and plonk down a certain amount fora keyring, or for a roll of cough drops, than gothrough the kind of thing I've described above.The alternative of course, is to get to know allthe ropes and like a card-sharp, know that youcan take advantage of any poor soul who hap-pens to come along. I guess it all depends onwhat you are used to!

HOW EVELYN WAS PELICANNED

There are lots of dangerous things in Egyptwhich your travel agent, and others, will warn

you about: don't eat the lettuce; don't goupstairs or downstairs in the Khan Al KaliliMarket; don't even put so much as a toe in theNile because of disease; don't get bitten by acamel as they have extremely dirty teeth, and soon, ad infinitum. However, there are lots ofthings nobody thinks to mention. When one ofthese things happens, you just have to not makethe same mistake twice--if you survive!

While we were in Luxor, we were lucky enoughthat the tourist trade was down some sixty percent. So luckily we were "bumped up" andended up staying at the Sheraton Luxor. It is avery fancy hotel. Now the Sheraton Luxor isnot just a multistorey building. It has its ownriverfront compound that really is a terracedpark with small buildings stuck here and thereamong the palms and vines, and lots of windingpaths.

Violet and I found ourselves staying in whatlooked like a little, white mausoleum, with itsown dome, sitting right on the waterfront. Wehad a front porch with a big window with thoseromantic, lacy shutters made of wood. If youleaned over our balcony, you could have spit inthe Nile if the wind were right.

Now there were a number of small restaurantsin the hotel grounds. Probably our favouritewas a small, outdoor, Italian one with the usualred check tablecloths. It was called "LaMamma". This restaurant was made up of onepart of a little circular mall on the grounds. Inthe centre of the mall was a small swamp (allpublic Egyptian waters end up as swamps, eventhe Sacred Lake at Karnak). In the swamp weresome pools of dirty water and some littleislands. Here and there were date palms hungaround with various exotic vines of one sort oranother. The swamp was kept in by a two foothigh little picket fence.

This little swamp was made more interesting bya number of different kinds of birds: first, therewas what seemed to me to be a large Muskovydrake with about a dozen, white ducks. Thedrake did a lot of honking and grabbed off mostof the dinner rolls chucked in by diners in thelittle restaurants. Then there were severalflamingoes of the Florida variety, who steppedaround prying into the mucky bottom of the

dirty water looking for whatever flamingoesthink is great stuff. Then, there were two of thebiggest pelicans I have ever seen. They neverdid anything but blink, and rarely, took a fewtortured, waddling steps in the mud. I have asuspicion they were the ones who smelled.They were afraid of nothing and loafed along-side the low fence near the restaurant.

Violet and I often chose La Mamma to eatlunch, or have an afternoon snack if we werehandy. They had a great Egyptian beer called"Stella" (in both regular and export). I swear Imanaged to escape the Finger of Pharaoh aslong as I did by swigging a Stella export asoften as practicable. In fact, someone askedVera to tote a bottle of it back to Sudbury hewas so made for it. I don't know whether shemanaged to or not; the bottles being so big andVera so tiny. But it does beat any beer I'vetried on this side.

One day Violet and I made our way to LaMamma for lunch. Some of our party werealready there, sitting at a table alongside thefence. They made room for us and I sat at oneend of the table. This meant that, even with oneeye on my soup bowl, I could still see one bigflabby pelican just on the other side of the fencewith the same eye.

Next to me, her back to the fence, sat Evelyn,halfway through her pasta. Now the pelicanswere not news to us, so we ignored them,including Evelyn who couldn't see them anywayas she had her back to them. Evelyn, who hadbeen to Egypt before, and being the most fear-less one of us, managed to get into a lot of placesmost of us never saw . We were always anxiousto hear where she had been, as the rest of usalways went to the same places together. Whileshe told us about the Valley of the Queens, andsipped her drink, she hooked her elbow over theback of her chair. Now Evelyn is a blue-eyed,fair-haired lady. She has a pink and whitecomplexion, which of course, extends down pasther elbows.

Unbeknownst to any of us, the biggest pelicanmust have spent some time examining Evelyn'selbow which hung over the back of her chair,and over the little fence. It was plump and pinkand must have looked rather good to the pelican.

Without any sort of warning, probably thinkinghe had a giant shrimp, he opened up his giganticbeak and snapped shut on Evelyn's elbow. Thiswas a very sudden surprise to all of us, and notthe least to Evelyn, who by accident flipped aforkful of spaghetti somewhere in the directionof my nose. Now if you take a few moments ofyour time, you will notice that on the end of apelican's beak, there is a separate little piecewhich curves down into a very sharp hook.Besides this, the inside of a pelican's fishy oldbeak is very revolting. Evelyn came off lucky,as the pelican's aim was a bit off, and the skinon her elbow was not broken. Now Evelyn is avery bright and energetic lady and not includedto take sass from anybody or anything. For amoment, I thought that pelican was, as PierreTrudeau would have put it, •in dire straits·.However, that bird was lucky as Evelyn merelyglared and waved an unmaimed arm at thestupid thing which just blinked and sat back abit. Nursing her reddened elbow, Evelyn res-cued her fork, went back to her drink and we allgot involved again in this and that.

Moments later Evelyn once again had herinjured arm carelessly hooked over the back ofher chair. Before I could do anything, I sawthat big pelican open his maw unbelievably wide(that's how I know how revolting it is inside)and once again, but with better aim, snap shuton the selfsame elbow, practically up to hershoulder!

Well! That did it! Evelyn jumped up with ashout. A waiter rushed over and flapped adishtowel wildly at the pelican, while shoutingsomething which was probably in cursive. Thepelicans backed off about six feet, and settleddown on their haunches, probably to wait for thenext lot of tourists to sit d()wn at this nicepoolside table.

Well, that was the end of lunch that day. Weall shuffled off to prowl another ruin, withEvelyn rubbing the pelican spit off her poorelbow.

The moral of this story is: never, NEVER trusta pelican if you have nice elbows.

This piece is, in the main, about camels, and inparticular, about a dead camel. Along withcamels, which I had always found pretty inter-esting, another animal that took my attentionwas the dog. As I saw no real dung beetles(scarab beetles) in Egypt whatsoever, I reallycan't say anything about them.

I went to Egypt really looking forward to seeingsome camels. But before I get to them (and it)there were some things about dogs in Egypt thatsurprised me. In the first place, our first day inEgypt we went to the Cairo Museum. We sawthe Tut collection languishing in the dust inthere, and also a lot of big stone statues andcoffins. When we had covered those, our guidetook us to a gallery which he told us was full ofmummies. We were all pretty played out bythen, but this perked everyone up considerably.However, when we got there, it turned out allthe mummies were cats, crocodiles, birds andother assorted animals. As I peered around atthese old, dried up, brown bundles, my eyehappened to fall on an unmummified, driedyellow dog. It had no wrappings and still hadmost of its fur. It was lying down and lookedsomewhat lifelike. The label, I believe, said itwas 4,500 years old (according to our variousguides almost everything archaeological in Egyptis 4,500 years old except Philae and a few otherPtolemaic and Roman ruins). Now that's apretty old dog in any country and I somehowwonder, in that antiquated gallery with noatmospheric control, whether even a dried dogwould last that long. However, even so it'sprobably a pretty old, dried dog simply becausenothing in that gallery, including the labels, hadbeen put in there since the turn of the century.I didn't think much more about the dog at thetime, being taken up pretty much with gettingout of that terribly hot, airless building andgetting some lunch.

Some days later, when we were chuggingaround various ruins out on the edges of urbanareas, I began to notice exactly the same yellowdog in the flesh. They seemed to belong tonobody. They wandered around paying noattention to anybody, or simply flaked out in thesearing sun or in any scrap of shade they couldfind. Some of them were so flaked out I was

sure they were dead, but no flies buzzed around,so I guess they weren't. As we went south afew with some black, or totally black coatsappeared. But most were the same, mediumsized, yellow, short-haired kind, exactly thesame colour as the desert itself.

The next thing that struck me was that I havethe impression that I did not see a single dog inany of the cities! Thinking this over, andthinking about the number of very poor people,living in the worst squalor with no way to makea living that I could see, I wonder if the citydogs hadn't all ended up as fricassee or howeverdog tastes best in Egypt.

Putting it all together, maybe dogs don't do toowell in any desert (except the Arctic where theyall look the same too) and maybe there's beenjust this one kind that has managed to keepgoing over hundreds of years. Anyway, I founddogdom not at all what I've been brought up toexpect, and hardly know what to make of it.

While I have had dogs of my own, my educationabout camels comes mainly from NationalGeographic and the film Lawrence of Arabia.Camels, according to a recent article, are be-coming scarce. The author of this article had tohunt far and wide before he found any workingcamels being used as they have since goodnessknows when. Most camels today, he says, areused in the tourist trade, which is, of course,where I ran into them in Egypt.

The first lot I saw were being ridden by youngmen who, for effect, just generally whoopedaround the pyramids of Giza. Or, they wouldpose on top of a nearby ridge. Although I knewthis was just a put-up job, it still left me slack-jawed.

Now the question everyone asks when you gethome from Egypt is: did you ride a camel? Itis a crushing disappointment to me that, oncamel-riding day for my party, my only goal inlife was to be within five paces of a washroom.There is simply no point in being up on a camel,plodding across the treeless desert wastes tosome isolated ruin, at a time like this. And so,my chance of a lifetime passed me by forever,and I, alas, have had to do my camel watchingfrom afar.

I had another chance to see camels on our tripfrom Aswan to Abu Simbel, and this is wherethe dead camel comes in. One day, we boardedour hermetically sealed bus and sped along our150 mile route southward across the emptyyellow desert. There is simply nothing out therebut the narrow, black ribbon of the highway.The only thrill is when you try to pass a busgoing the other way and you wonder whetheranother six inches in width of the road wouldjust about make this possible. There is no doubtthat real estate out there must be pretty cheap,and one could get a small acreage for practicallynothing.

We had travelled for some time when we saw acamel train milling about an isolated, old mudbuilding several hundred feet to one side of theroad. Shrieks of "stop, stop" brought the bus toa stop. We all piled out in hopes of gettingpictures of this rare scene. Some of our moreintrepid (but not me, or Violet) went boundingacross the yellow sands to try to get betterpictures. They got all the way there, and evenmanaged to "talk" by sign language I believe, tothe camel driver. They found out that he hadcome up from Nubia and was taking the camelsto Cairo to sell. He was a tall, pleasant man,dressed in shapeless flapping garments, andcarrying a simply huge knife in a very fancyholder around his waist.

Some paces from the main herd, I could see alumpy mass spread on the ground. Vultureswere picking away at it. The camel driver, whocame over to the bus, managed to tell us that itwas the remains of a sick camel that he had hadto do in with his big knife. It was a puzzle tome where the vultures came from, unless ofcourse every camel train has its own flock thattravels along with it to tidy up the desert. Iwould have liked to try to find this out fromhim, but on a trip like this, you are alwayshaving to get aboard the bus in case it leaveswithout you.

While I was standing by the side of the road, itstruck me that this dead camel was a greatopportunity. I could only think of how pleasedHoward S. would be to add a very completecamel skeleton to his osteological collection! Itseemed a great waste to leave the bones lyinguselessly in the desert. With those vultures

picking away, that camel skeleton would bepicked clean probably in short order. At leastthat's what happens to dead animals in Africanfilms I have seen. That camel could be worthits weight in academic gold if only it could begotten back to Toronto. And, it wouldn't be thefirst time I had gotten some carcass back to thelab in a green garbage bag. And so I begansome quick reckoning as the bus rolled on itsway. At the moment I saw it, that camel was inno shape to put aboard a bus, especially with nogreen garbage bags handy. Because camels tendto be so long and narrow in legs and neck, itwould have to come all apart. Otherwise itsimply would not go into any sort of suitcase.And I was also aware that rubbery tendons tendto really stick to big knobby joints even after allthe rest of the thing has all come apart.

It all depended upon how fast the vulturesworked. I figured we had another hour and ahalf to Abu Simbel, two hours at Abu Simbel,and another hour and a half back to the deadcamel, a total of five hours. There were threevultures busy dining. How much can a vultureeat at a sitting? How much would the bones

smell? What would the customs man say?There were a lot of questions that occurred tome and very few answers.

At this point, I obliquely broached the subject toViolet (who was not feeling all that chipper).But the look of total disbelief on her face dis-couraged me from going on. Now Violet is aClassicist and they just don't get into this sort ofthing, ever. She didn't even want a picture ofthat camel with vultures. In fact, I think shewas not totally taken by any sort of camel--muchless a dead one. And so my dreams of addingto the osteological collection began to fade asthe bus rolled into Abu Simbel. And that sitewas so mind-boggling, it even took my mind offthe camel.

I did not see the camel train on the trip back toCairo, but wondered if the camel driver hadhappened to lose another one much closer totown. And now, when I handle my little camel-bone carving of a camel, I can envision, outthere on the empty desert, the white rib-cage ofthe real camel, gleaming in the moonlight. Apearly monument to my admirable self-restraint(and lack of gumption) .•

"You go ahead. We Classicistspre~er to read about them:"

THE CHAMPLAIN SOCIETYThe Champlain Society is open for membershipand has some excellent back issues for sale.Important to the Ontario archaeological frater-nity are:Kilinck and Talman "The Journal of Major JohnNorton 1816"Fenton and Moore "Lafiteau's Customs of theAmerican Indians" 2 volsThese are available at $30 each ($60 for theLafiteau set). Future issues are available bymembership in The Champlain Society, P.O.Box 592, Postal Station "R", Toronto, OntarioM4G 4El. Annual Canadian fees for $40individuals, $60 libraries.

TORONTO HISTORICAL BOARDANNOUNCES

APPOINTMENT OF NEW CHAIRThe Toronto Historical Board is pleased toannounce the appointment of Mr. David Burn-side to the post of Chairman, Toronto HistoricalBoard, effective December 13, 1990.Mr. Burnside replaces former chair Mrs.Christine Caroppo Clarence and brings with himmany years of experience in the heritage field.He has served as a member of the TorontoHistorical Board since 1989 and is the formerChairman of the North York Historical Boardand Local Architectural Conservation AdvisoryCommittee (LACAC.) In addition, Mr. Burn-side is senior legal counsel for the Rent ReviewHearings Board - Ontario Ministry of Housing,and maintains active memberships with RoyalOntario Museum, and Art Gallery of Ontario.Established in 1960, the Toronto HistoricalBoard is a 17-member body composed of twoCity Council members and 15 local residents.It advises council on heritage matters and main-tains and operates five city-owned historic sitemuseums; Historic Fort York, The MarineMuseum of Upper Canada, Colborne Lodge,Mackenzie House, and Spadina. The board also

acts as the City of Toronto's heritage authorityin accordance with the Ontario Heritage Act asLocal Architectural Conservation AdvisoryCommittee (LACAC.)

TORONTO HISTORICAL BOARDANNOUNCES APPOINTMENT OF 1991

BOARD MEMBERSThe Toronto Historical Board is pleased toannounce the appointment of four new membersto its 17-member board. The new members areMr. David Eckler, Dr. Katherine Lochnan, Mr.Glen Loo, and Ms. Barbara Millar. Theyreplace four outgoing members and will begintheir three-year term on December 13, 1990.The new members bring with them a wide rangeof diverse experience in the heritage field.Mr. David Eckler is a practising architect andpresently the job captain for One FinancialPlace. He is also involved in the retrofit of theCanada Post Office and the campaign to restoreJacques Carlu's Eaton Auditorium. Mr. Ecklerhas had a research paper published in Societyfor the Study of Architecture in Canada Journaland has completed the interior renovation of a1930s palazzo in Spain.Dr. Katherine Lochnan is currently the curatorof prints and drawings at the Art Gallery ofOntario, and has had 21 years of curatorialexperience. She has written several articles forpublication and has worked with the TorontoHistorical Board researching the streetscapelisting of Mackenzie Crescent. Dr. Lochnan isa founding member of both the SydenhamTownship Local Architectural ConservationAdvisory Committee (LACAC) and WilliamMorris Society of Canada. She is also a mem-ber of the Grey Association for Better Planningand London House Association of Canada.Mr. Glen Loo is a senior consultant with thefirm of Ernst and Young, and has workedextensively in community development. He hasimplemented campaigns for heritage preservation

and is both the former vice-president of HeritageCanada and publisher of Canadian Heritagemagazine. Mr. 1.00 is also a member of theNorth York Symphony Orchestra Board ofDirectors.Ms. Barbara Millar has been an observer atToronto Historical Preservation Committeemeetings since 1989, and is a member of theRoncesvalleslMacdonell Residents' Associationand Toronto Region Architectural Conservancy.Ms. Millar is also the recipient of a 1989Toronto Historical Board Award of Merit.

ONE HUNDRED YEARS OFYESTERDAY'S NEWS

2-DAY'S HISTORYSelected & Compiled by Raymond CrinklawEdited by Olgo B. BishopIllustrated by George P. RickardByron - Pioneer Days in Westminster, whichcovers the Glen Meyer Culture 1100-1300 A.D.and settlement until 1840. Contains 200 pagesincluding formats, 9 sketches an author title andsubject index of approximately 700 entries.Hard Cover - $20.00The North Talbot Road - Westminster (1811-1930)This hard cover book contains a wealth ofinformation on building a community and thepeople involved. It includes the history ofchurches, schools with the record of students,agricultural fairs with their prize winners;fraternities; traction-line railroad; family picnics;musical festivals; and a few tragedies. It con-tains 295 pages including 17 illustrations, 6maps, 24 appendices and the index of over2,000 items.Hard Cover - $55.00Glanworth 1821-1930This hard cover book also contains a wealth ofinformation on building a community and thepeople involved. It includes history of churches,schools; agricultural fairs; the building ofchurches; family picnics; biographical sketchesand a list of inhabitants taken from the 1851-52census. The book contains 290 pages including18 illustrations, 5 maps, 21 appendices and anindex of over 2,000 items.Hard Cover - $49.95Westminster Township, South East or theThames 1800-1930

This fourth book on Westminster Township(new the Town of Westminster) tells the story ofthe activities of the early settlers and theirdescendants from 1800 to 1930 in the hamlets ofByron, Derwent, Glendale, Hubrey, Nilestown,Odells, Pond Mills, White Oak and WiltonGrove. Included also are extracts from theJournals of the House of Assembly, WestminsterMunicipal Records, Census records and direc-tories of London and Middlesex County. Thebeautiful pen and ink sketches by George P.Rickard of churches, homes, schools, toll-houses, London and Port Stanley railway sta-tions, hotels and taverns which bring to lifenineteenth century rural life are from theRaymond Crinklaw Art Collection. Maps of thearea form the end leaves.This book which is dedicated to James Arms-trong, M.P., contains information on agricul-tural fairs, school examinations, patentees,family reunions, post offices, building ofchurches, building of the London and PortStanley Railway, festivities at Springbank Park,biographical sketches, industries, as well astragedies, trials and tribulations. The book alsocontains 5 maps, 22 appendices and an index ofapproximately 5,000 names.Hard Cover - $85.95Any of the above collector's books may bepurchased from CRINKLAW PRESS, R. R. 4,London, Ontario N6A 4B8

ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OFAMERICA

TORONTO SOCIETYFeb. 7, 6:15 p.m.: University of Toronto,University College 140. Professor Ellen Davis(New York), first J. W. Graham Lecturer, on"Minoan Painting and its Relation to Egypt."(Jointly sponsored by the J. W. Graham Fund,the AlA Toronto Society and the Fine ArtDepartment).Feb. 13, 5:15 p.m.: Dietmar Hagel, Queen'sUniversity, "Athens before Theseus: ThePolitical and Social Organization of Attica in the16th and 15th Centuries BC in Light of theExcavations of Kiapha Thiti".March 6, 5:15 p.m.: Michael Ryan, NationalMuseum of Ireland, Dublin, "Fine Metalwork,Economy and Society in Early Medieval Ire-land".

April 3, 5:15 p.m.: William Biers, Universityof Missouri - Columbia, "Lost Scents" Can weidentify Perfumes in Ancient Greek Vases?"The above 3 lectures to be held in the lectureroom of the McLaughlin Planetarium (R.O.M.)Admission is free and non-members are mostwelcome.For further information, telephone (416) 925-7829 or 978-3290.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OFAMERICA

NIAGARA PENINSULA SOCIETYSunday, February 3, 1991: 3:00 p.m. TH245"Mosaics of Aphrodisias in Caria"Dr. Sheila CampbellPontificial Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Uni-versity of TorontoSunday, March 10, 1991: 3:00 p.m. TH245"Recent Excavations in Neolithic Jordan--A NewJericho?"Dr. Alan H. SimmonsDesert Research Institute, Reno, NevadaSunday, April 7, 1991: 3:00 p.m. TH245"Pytheos, Priene & Pergamon: Early Hellen-istic Sculpture in Asia Minor".Prof. Joseph C. Carter

. Department of Classics, University of Texas atAustinThe lecture room is located at Brock University,St. Catharines (TH245) in the Thistle complexadjoining the Tower (ample parking spaceavailable nearby).

TORONTO CHAPTER AND ARC1991 SYMPOSIUM

On Saturday, April 6th, 1991, the TorontoChapter of the O.A.S. with the ArchaeologicalResource Centre, will host a one day Sympo-sium. It will be held at the Board of EducationAuditorium, 155 College Street. It looks good -raised seating, large screen, the whole bit!

This day will start at 9:00 a.m. and conclude at4:00 p.m., and will include a hot lunch in thecafeteria.

HERITAGE SHOWCASE 1991Saturday, February 16

On Saturday, February 16 The Ontario Histori-cal Society is pleased to present HERITAGESHOWCASE 1991!

Museums, historical societies, Local Architec-tural Conservation Advisory Committees(LACAC's), cultural groups and many otherheritage organizations and institutions will jointogether in six communities across northernOntario to showcase how they contribute tointerpreting and preserving this province's richand diverse history.Take this unique opportunity to exploreOntario's history. Admission is free!BRUCE MINES: Community HaIl, 56 TaylorStreet, 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.COCHRANE: Cochrane Public Library, 143Third Street, 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.DRYDEN: Dryden and District Museum, 15Van Horne Avenue, 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.KENORA: Kenora Shopper's MaIl, ParkStreet, 9:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.NEW LISKEARD: Timiskaming Square,Highway lIB, 9:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.TIMMINS: Timmins Square Shopping Centre,1500 Riverside Drive, 9:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.Heritage Showcase 1991 launches the celebra-tion of Heritage Day, Monday, February 18and Heritage Week, the third week in Febru-ary.JOIN IN THE DISCOVERY AT A LOCAnONNEAR YOU!For further information, please contact:Lois Chipper, Heritage Showcase Co-ordinator,The Ontario Historical Society, 5151 YongeStreet, Willowdale, Ontario M2N 5P5 (416)226-9011, Fax (416)226-2740

VICTUALS AND VALUESAn Evening of Food, Fantasy

and FunPresented by

The Ontario Historical Societyat

Black Creek Pioneer VillageFriday, March 22, 1991

7:00 p.m.The DINNER will feature 19th century recipesand each guest will receive a sweetmeat basketof confections to take home.The AUCTION will feature antiques andcollectibles donated by several generous Ontarioresidents and institutions.This evening to remember is yours for $50.00per person and includes dinner, admission to the

auction, a catalogue of items, lucky draws andtickets for door prizes.All proceeds will support The Ontario HistoricalSociety's "History to Go", an outreach pro-gramme serving residents of nursing homes, thedisabled, hospital patients, seniors and otherswith special needs. Come and enjoy Victualsand Values and support a worthy cause!For further information and to order tickets,please contact The Ontario Historical Society,5151 Yonge Street, Willowdale, Ontario M2N5P5, (416)226-9011 or Fax (416)226-2740.Make your cheques payable to The OntarioHistorical Society.

TENTH ANNUALARCHAEOLOGY OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR

BASIS (AND UPPER MID-CONTINENT)1991 WORKSHOP

MARCH 15/16, KENORAThis year's Symposium will be held at theMinistry of Culture & Communications labora-tory in Kenora, and will be co-sponsored by theMinistry and the Ontario Rock Art ConservationAssociation (ORACA). The Ministry has alsokindly offered to host a wine and cheese partyon Saturday night.BACK TO BASICS: IS YOUR WEIRD ANDWONDERFUL MATERIAL SOMEONEELSE'S BREAD AND BUTTER? (or is it~ weird?)Plus of course our "bread and butter", i.e.,CURRENT RESEARCH. Please bring arti-facts, slides, videos, displays or just good oldideas and curiosity. Remember no formalpapers please. Full details will be sent in theNew Year. If you have any queries contact:Paddy Reid, Staff ArchaeologistMinistry of Culture & Communications2nd Floor, 227 Second Street South, Kenora,Ontario, Canada P9N IGI(807) 468-2854Fax: 468-2934

ANTICHITAIonian Argosy '91

This summer we sail along the varied shores ofthe Saronic and Corinthian Gulfs and among thegreen islands of the Ionian Sea. The cruise onthe MIS Nikolas A' will offer our modern'Argonauts' a wide variety of archaeological,cultural, and recreational delights. FormerArgonauts have liked this balance of "work andfun" so much that in the five years we havebeen organizing the Argosies almost 50% ofthem have come back for at least a secondcruise.In addition to showing our Argonauts throughthe sites and museums we visit, I also giveinformal lectures during the cruise on archaeol-ogy, in general, and the archaeology and art ofthe regions of Greece we are visiting, in particu-lar. My wide experiences and reading enableme to provide the Argonauts with the localknowledge and appreciation of a locale's charac-ter and significance. Further, my wife, Libby,who is a Classicist with expertise in Graeco-Roman mythology and literature, elaborates onthe meaning of the places that we visit. Thus,one does not have to be an 'expert' in Greekand Roman archaeology and art to benefit fromand to enjoy the informal, relaxed educationalexperience we have carefully crafted for ourArgonauts. Moreover, we firmly believe inproviding time for individual interests and theflexibility to appreciate the serendipitous adven-tures we inevitably encounter along the way. Ifone does not want to participate in a particularexcursion the Nikolas A' and its 'sea toys' arealways available to the Argonauts. It will be avacation that you never forget!Few other small cruises with an archaeologicaltheme offer such great value, standard featuresand attention to detail. There are no hidden,'essential extras' here that you have to pay foron the spot. Further details: David W. Rupp,President, Antichita, P. O. Box 156, St.Catharines, Ontario L2R 6S4, (416) 682-8124 .•

WINTER/SPRING 1991 UPCOMINGSPEAKERS

Eliza Jones: A First Hand Perspective onNative Women in Early 19th CenturyOntario.

Join us for Heritage Month as M.A. studentJennifer Lund will enlighten us on the hardshipsthat faced Native women in Early 19th CenturyOntario. Jennifer's research is based on diariesleft by Eliza Jones, a pioneer white woman whomarried into an Ojibwa family.

Death Amongst The Dunes: PalaeoEpidemiology of a Population at DakhlehOasis, Egypt

Dr. EI Molto plans on sharing his findings andexperiences concerning the research he hasconducted at the 'Ein Tirghi cemetery located atthe Dakhleh Oasis in Egypt's Western Desert.This talk should satisfy the Howard Carter andElizabeth Peters in all of us. For all of youkeeners out there, read the September/October1987 edition of Equinox.

It's not a Woody Allen movie, but BillFitzgerald's presentation will focus on the

effects that climatic change, disease, migration,etc. had on the Native population during theContact Period. Data collected from the Zap(Haynes) Site as well as one other site wi1l bediscussed.

Has Clouseau Met His Match? Excavationsin the Dordogne and Perigord Region inSouth Western France

Just in time to get our archaeological juicesflowing for the upcoming field season, MarilynMacKellar plans on presenting an interesting talkconcerning current research being conducted ona Palaeo lithic rock shelter site in south westernFrance. Marilyn wi1l also be emphasising thedifferences between European and North Ameri-can archaeology, especially in the areas ofexcavation techniques and theoretical percep-tions.

When: 8:00 p.m.Third Wednesday of every month (except June

to August)

Where: Room 561ASidney Smith Hall, University of Toronto100 St. George Street, Toronto

* * NOTE: Changes to the list of speakersand/or topics are apt to occur from time to timedue to circumstances beyond our control.

The O.A.S Toronto Chapter meetings are opento any individuals who share a common interestin the study of Archaeology, whether they aredirt and paper pushing professionals or simplyeasy-chair National Geographic dreamers.Come on out and bring a friend or two. Hopeto see you soon! •

f~(Q)M uH~ (Q),A,5),(Q)ff~C~Charles Garrad

GRAND OFFER !!! INDEX ARCHNOTES AND GET A FREE SET !!!

ARCH NOTES has been indexed to 1977 andfrom 1989. Now it remains to index the 1978-1988 issues. A complete run of ARCH NOTESfor the period is offered to anyone who willindex them. If you are looking for a 1991project and have a pc, can use Word Perfect ordBASE, and would like to create a SpecialPublication for the Society please contact theoffice.

RESULTS OF REFERENDUM ON THECONSTITUTION

Nine amendments to the Society's Constitutionwere proposed and approved in principle at theAnnual Business Meeting last October. AReferendum was enclosed to the entire member-ship in the subsequent issue of ARCH NOTESto enable the required mail-in assent. Thereturned slips were tabulated by a speciallyappointed Committee of three. The report ofthe Committee was that 74 slips were received,examined and recorded as follows:

Proposed Assent Reject Void PercentageAmendment no. for

1 72 0 2 97%2 74 0 0 100%3 64 8 2 86%4 71 0 3 96%5 68 4 2 92%6 70 2 2 95%7 72 0 2 97%8 70 2 2 95%9 70 2 2 95%

As the percentage of assenting returnsexceed the required minimum of 66% for eachof the nine amendments, all are carried and nowin effect. The 1991 Revised Constitution isavailable at the office for the price of copyingand will be included in a later issue of ARCHNOTES. Thanks go to scrutineers Ella, Mariaand Tony.

The following Officers are elected for 1991:PRESIDENT: Christine L. CaroppoSECRETARY: Ellen BlaubergsTREASURER: Michael W. KirbyDIRECTORS-AT-LARGE: Arthur F. Howey,Lawrence J. Jackson, Bruce Welsh. There isone vacancy because the candidate had to with-draw. One of the first orders-of-business for the

new Executive will be to decide how to resolvethis problem under the amended Constitution.

The following Officers are appointed for 1991:EDITOR AN: Michael W. KirbyEDITOR MOA4: Christopher EllisEDITOR OA: Peter ReidCURATRIX: Martha LattaADMINISTRATOR & LIBRARIAN: CharlesGarrad

The 1990 OAS group just returned from Egypthas reported that everything is normal thereexcept for concern for reduced tourism.Because of the reduced tourism our groupreceived upgraded hotels, plenty of space andmuch, perhaps excessive, attention. This fortu-nate situation will probably terminate suddenlyif and when the possibility of future war in theMiddle East is resolved. There seems nothingto gain by waiting for normal conditions to berestored and then attempting to make reserva-tions for 1991.

Therefore we are negotiating for reservationsand arrangements with the Egyptian operatorsnow, under" fail-safe" conditions which allow usto go ahead if the situation improves but to backout without penalty should it not. We intend toleave Toronto Saturday November 2, 1991 witha basic two week package to November 16, anda variety of third week options which mightconceivably include Petra and Jerash in Jordanif international events sufficiently improve.

The itinerary will be the same as in 1990, butbecause November air fares are not yet availablewe are unable to quote the 1991 package cost.You are asked at this time only to record yourinterest without obligation. A slip is enclosedfor this. An Application Form will be mailed toyou later and no payments will be required untilafter the war threat is sufficiently diminishedthat it is safe to make the trip. We are advisingyou now so that you may consider if you areinterested and begin your planning, saving andreading, especially guide books.

CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR GREET-1NGs RECEIVED

A special note of thanks to all those who sentGreetings Cards and other wishes of goodwillinto the office at Christmas and during renewaltime. The ingenious messages squeezed onto anumber of membership renewal reminder slipswere all noted and, as they were all positive andcomplimentary, very much appreciated.

ARCH NOTES 90-6 sent to the following goodpeople have been returned by the Post Officemarked "moved". Can anyone help find them?Please contact the office.BELL, Mary Jane, was at WindsorELVIDGE, Francine, was at TorontoHILLYARD, Rhonda, was at Thunder Bay

OPEN HOUSE IS FEBRUARY 24 -BLAME THE STICKY KEYBOARD

Our computer keyboard wasn't actually "sticky"but was acting like it. An increasing number ofkeys were ceasing to work in normal usage.The lower number keys were particularlyaffected and despite our vigilance mistakes gotby undetected. We apologise to CatherineFrances for sending her AN to #24 instead of#243, and to everyone for making the Presidentannounce the Open House as February 4thinstead of 24th in her last President's Commu-nique. We have now replaced the keyboard.

Membership at the end of 1990 reached 835.558 of these lapsed December 31 1990 and weresent renewal reminders in the last ARCHNOTES. If you have renewed your receipt istucked into this issue of ARCH NOTES. If youhaven't here's another (and last) reminder.Please attend to this right away. If you didn'tget a reminder to renew it is because you arenot due to, check your last receipt for the datesof your membership year.

The terse headline is to draw your attention tothe fact that our very own President also servedin 1990 as Chairperson of the Toronto HistoricalBoard. Her hard year is over and she hassurvived! Congratulations to you, Christine !One aspect of her THB term expiring is that theFAX machine on which we have been able toreach Christine at home, at (416)392-0377, andthe separate line that serviced it, have beenremoved, because it was the property of/paid forby the THB. Having enjoyed the use of thisservice to the degree that now we can't dowithout it the OAS decided to copy the THBprecedent and applied to MCC for a grant for asecond FAX machine with the intention oftransferring the used one which we have in theoffice, and which operates on a single line, intosuccessive Presidents' homes. MCC in itswisdom ruled our request 'ineligible' so we hadto buy and install our own "President's" single-line machine. The result? To send a FAX toChristine you now dial her telephone number(416)466-0460.

A repeat of the successful trip to the two Ste.Maries held ten years ago is planned for June 23this year. Full details will appear in the nextissue of ARCH NOTES .•

CALVIN & HOBBES By Bill Watterson~I<C~"£(JI.OG\STS01<;SI.()t,Ilj Ei'C.1-\ Roc.K I-\t>.s \Q BE~~ CARHUlL~, USING sw.u. PMNS\t>.\(\"Gl~ BR\l5\.\'cD

OElICJ\1E 1m1..':>. I\i-IO 5(RP-~D S0 NC5T\.\lllGI':> \',\l()\(EN OR MISSE.D.

, /

and lots of cookies and baked goods. Comeout, bring the family, friends and neighboursand visit our office in Willowdale, browse ourever-growing library, ask those questions you'vealways wanted to ask the Executive and meetyour friends. You can also bring along yourmystery artifacts and ask our experts: DenaDoroszenko and Roberta O'Brien, plus others,to help with identification.There are still copies of our very successful 40thAnniversary Book, The Presidents Remember,for only $5.00 plus $1.00 shipping. If youhaven't yet read it, you don't know what you'remissing! •

~CH NO!!!J~p~blishedwiiliili~

.\·.·.•.i••·•••••••·.·.··I71.~.~stance..ofm~.·••i ..·...·i.Ontario Government.19p9h~eMihi~a9L

<;:Ulllii¢ilrid.Comrrlt@§ip.ops

Murder901 Lawrence Ave. W. (Lawrence & Dufferin)

Toronto

er person• mystery & tax receipt

SUPPORT THE OAS ENDOWMENT FUNDe infrmation contact Jane Saccheni at 789-701l, ext. 208

Information Technologyat its fi nest

••. Word and Data Processing••. RESUMESlLaser Print••. Graphs/Figures Camera Ready••. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS••. FAST••. PROFESSIONAL REFERENCES

GRAND RlVERIWATERLOO President: Henry Ford (519) 821-1572Vice-Presidents: Marcia Redmond, Ken Oldridge Treasurer: Jack RedmondSecretary: Eva McFadden, 402 Lakeview Dr., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 4Z6Newsletter: THE BIRDSTONE - Editor: John D. A. MacDonaldFees: Individual $7 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 3rd Wednesdayof the month, except June - August, at the Adult Recreation Centre, 185King Street W., Waterloo.

LONDON President: Megan Cook (519) 64l-{)520Vice-President: Pat Weatherhead Treasurer: Mahillah RafekSecretary: Bev Morrison, P.O. Box 2574, Station B, London, N6A 409Newsletter: KEWA - Editor: Tom ArnoldFees: Individual $15 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 2nd Thursdayof the month, except June - August, at the Museum of Indian Archaeology.

NIAGARA President: Jim Pengelly (416) 834-7802Vice Presidents: Mary Joan Hale, Bill Parkins Treasurer/Secretary: Dave Briggs, PO Box 571, Niagara Falls, Ontario, L2E 6V2Newsletter: THE THUNDERER - Editor: Jim PengellyFees: Individual $10 Meetings: Usually at 7.3Opm on the 3rd Friday ofthe month at Room H313, Science Complex, Brock University, St. Catharines.

OTI AWA President: Helen Armstrong (613) 592-5534Vice-President: Clive Carruthers Treasurer: Jim MontgomerySecretary: Rachel Perkins-Hacket 239 Craig Henry Dr. #313, Nepean, K2G 5VlNewsletter: THE OTTAWA ARCHAEOLOGIST - Editor: Peggy A. SmythFees: Individual $15 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 2nd Wednesdayof the month, except June - August, at the Victoria Memorial Building,Metcalfe & McLeod Streets, Ottawa.

THUNDER BAY President: Frances Duke (807) 683-5375Vice-President: George Holbome Treasurer:Secretary: 331 Hallam St., Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7A IL9Newsletter: WANIKAN - Editor: A. HinshelwoodFees: Individual $5 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the lastWednesday of the month, except June - August, in the Board Room, M.C.C.,1825 East Arthur Street, Thunder Bay.

TORONTO President: Tony Stapells (416) 962-1136Vice-President: Duncan Scherberger Treasurer: Greg PurmalSecretary: Annie Gould, 74 Carsbrooke Rd., Etobicoke, Ontario, M9C 3C6Newsletter: PROFILE - Editor: Valerie SonstenesFees: Individual $8 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 3rd Wednesdayof the month, except June - August, at Room 561A, Sidney Smith Hall,St. George Street, Toronto.

WINDSOR President: Rosemarie Denunzio (519) 253-1977Vice-President: Suzanne Gero Treasurer: Norman VincentSecretary: Garth Rumble, 454 Tecumseh Rd., R.R.I, Tecumseh, Ont., N8N 2L9Newsletter: SQUIRREL COUNTY GAZETTE - Editor: Peter ReidFees: Individual $5 Meetings: Usually at 7.3Opm on the 2nd Tuesday ofthe month, except June - August, at the Public Library, 850 Ouellette, Windsor.

126 Willowdale Ave., Willowdale. Ontario M2N 4Y2Phone. Fax or Modem - (4161730-0797

Mr. Michael W. Kirby1225 Avenue RoadToronto, Ontario

M5N2G5(416) 484-9358

Ms CHRISTINE CAROPPO

142 GLEBEHOLME BLVD.

TORONTO. ONTARIO

M4J 156(4161 466-0460

Mr. Lawrie J. JacksonP.O. Box 493

Port Hope, OntarioLlA 3Z4

(416) 342-3250

Mr. Arthur E. HoweyR.R. #1

Brantford, OntarioN3T 5L4

(519) 752-9069

Mr. Michael W. Kirby1225 Avenue RoadToronto, Ontario

M5N 2G5(416) 484-9358

Dr. Chris 1. EllisUniversity of Waterloo

Waterloo, OntarioN2L 3Gl

(519) 578-2786

Mr. Charles Garrad103 Anndale Drive

Willowdale, OntarioM2N 2X3

(416) 223-2752

Scientific Journal: ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGYNewsleUer: ARCH NOTES

Monographs:MONOGRAPHSIN ONTARIOARCHAEOLOGY

SpecialPublications:(As advertised)

Ms Ellen Blaubergs77 Quebec Ave. #1233

Toronto, OntarioM6P 2T4

(416) 767-2393

Dr. Bruce Welsh33 Harbour Sq. #2037

Toronto, OntarioM5J 2G2

(416) 868-6313

Dr. Peter ReidUniversity of Windsor

Windsor, OntarioN9B 3P4

(519) 253-4232

Individual: $25Family: $30

Institutional: $50Life: $400

Chapter Fees Extra