News• http://www.boston.com/news/world/africa/articles/2009/09/10/kenyas_elephants_dying_amid_dro

ught/• http://www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2009/09/09/

newly_fixed_hubbles_initial_photos_again_amaze/• http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/09/09/biologists_tag_

three_more_great_white_sharks_off_chatham/• http://www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2009/09/08/north_korea_explains_fat

al_flood_in_south/• http://www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2009/09/04/study_links_humans_to_wa

rming_in_the_arctic/• http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/08/27/critics_say_rus

h_for_stimulus_money_puts_watershed_at_risk/• http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/green/articles/2009/09/06/one_mans_action_renews_

interest_in_dedhams_mother_brook/• http://www.reuters.com/article/email/idUSTRE5810XZ20090902• http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090810/ap_on_re_as/as_himalayas_new_species• http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/08/21/world_sets_record_for_hottes

t_ocean_temperature/

New Lab Section

• A Fourth Section (04L) to the EEOS 121 lab course.  This section meets on Thursdays from 2:30 to 5:00

• william.robinson@umb.edu

Homework

• Please photocopy your ID card photo and write your name, major, and hometown on a 8 ½ x 11” sheet of paper.

• (I would like to attempt to learn all of your names and faces)

Index Card

• Name 3 ways land affects coastal waters

• Name 3 ways the ocean affects the land

• Name 3 ways you affect the environment

• Name 3 ways the environment affects you

Environmental, Earth and Ocean Sciences (EEOS)

• EEOS is an interdisciplinary department that integrates the natural and social sciences to generate and apply new knowledge about the quality of our environment and the sustainable use of its resources. It focuses on promoting integrated science, planning, policy, and education for understanding earth-system processes and managing the impacts of urbanization on linked watershed and coastal marine systems

EEOS 120 Policies

• Text

• Exams

• Participation

• Paper

• Honesty

• BlackBoard

Physical Framework

• What is an estuary?– Ice Ages

• How deep?– Shipping Channels

• Tides– Tidal Volume

• Mixing– http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/o

perations/modeling/index.html#boston

– http://www.harbor2.umb.edu/massbay/results.htm

Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

News• http://www.global-risks.com/• http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/11/science/earth/11passage.html?

_r=1&hp• http://www.ted.com/talks/

james_balog_time_lapse_proof_of_extreme_ice_loss.html• http://www.chegg.com/ecofriendly/• http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/

2009/09/15/minots_ledge_and_other_lighthouse_fixer_uppers_are_not_for_the_faint_of_heart/

• http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/09/15/scientists_hope_manatee_off_cape_cod_hurries_home/

• http://news.yahoo.com/s/space/20090911/sc_space/agreatweektoseethemilkyway

Reading

• www.mwra.com

• Harbor and Bay

• Boston Harbor

• State of the Harbor Report (2002)

Scientific Method

• Boston Harbor Observation-Problems

• Question?

• Hypothesis

• Testing the hypothesis

• New hypothesisexperiment

• Result

• Conclusion

“Boston Harbor is the Dirtiest Estuary in the United States”

(1988)

• Observation (measurement)

• Why? Hypothesis.

• Test hypothesis. Experiment, more measurements.

QuestionsHow do we make improvements?

Biological Processes

• Photosynthesis• Spring Bloom• Nutrients• Benthos

Image courtesy of MWRA

Chemical

• Contaminants– Oil– Metals– PCBs

• Dissolved Oxygen– Fish kills

• BacteriaImage courtesy of MWRA

Image courtesy of MWRA

Solutions

• Removal of sludge

• Improvement of sewage system (secondary)

• Relocation of outfall

Human Impact-Sewage

• 2.5 million people served• 890,000 households served• 5,500 businesses served • 230 million gallons per day of water supplied

(average)• 350 million gallons per day of sewage treated

(average)• 43 sewerage communities• 50 water communities • 61 communities collectively

Image courtesy of MWRA

Case Study

• Interdisciplinary

• Mankind Environment

• Land Ocean

• Boston Harbor– $4.8 billion– Largest estuarine recovery project in the

world

Homework

• Please photocopy your ID card photo and write your name, major, and hometown on a 8 ½ x 11” sheet of paper.

• (I would like to learn all of your names and faces)