Newman Goddard Space Flight Center 1 SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) Paul A....
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Transcript of Newman Goddard Space Flight Center 1 SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) Paul A....
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Newman
GoddardSpaceFlightCenter
SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE)
Paul A. Newman
NASA/GSFC
Code 916
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Main Players• NASA HQ – UARP, ACMAP, AEAP
– ER-2 - P. Newman, J. Anderson– DC-8 - B. Toon, M. Schoeberl– Balloon - B. Brune– Ground based instruments (e.g. IRF)
• International - Theseo-2000 – DLR Falcon - H. Flentje– Swiss Lear Jet - D. Feist– French ARAT - C. David– Esrange balloons
• GSFC– Project scientists – P. Newman, M. Schoeberl– Arotel – J. Burris, T. McGee, L. Twigg, G. Sumnicht, W. Hoegy, D.
Silbert– 910.3 – S. Strahan, A. Ledvina, A. Conaty, S. Pawson, D. Lamich, R.
Lucchesi, etc.– 916 – L. Lait, R. Kawa, E. Nash, D. Gent, J. Pierson, S. Steenrod, etc.
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PurposeWhat are the processes and variables that control ozone concentrations over
the course of the winter (e.g., temperature, water, HNO3, halogens, aerosols, etc.)? Polar ozone loss - its predictibility in the Northern Hemisphere
• Observed Changes in High-Latitude Winter Ozone– The origin and composition of air comprising the Arctic polar vortex in
early winter– Uncertainties associated with conventional techniques for calculating
chemically driven ozone losses– Polar ozone loss during midwinter
• Processes that Extract and Insert Nitrogen and Chlorine Compounds into Reservoir Species and the Distinction between Liquid and Solid Phases
– Chlorine activation and denitrification– Chlorine deactivation and ozone loss
• Properties of Cold Aerosols and Polar Stratospheric Clouds
• SAGE III Validation
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Polar ozone losses
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Polar Ozone & Temperatures
Low ozone events are associated with cold temperatures, but only in later years
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Mission StrategyEarly Winter
Set up of the polar vortex
DC-8Balloon
Mid Winter
Coldest temperatures - most PSCs
Chlorine activated
Platforms
ER-2DC-8Balloon
Late Winter
Maximum ozone loss rate
Shut down of ozone loss system
ER-2DC-8Balloon
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Kiruna, Sweden• Excellent proximity to Polar vortex & cold temperatures• Excellent support facillity at Arena Arctica & Esrange• Good flying weather• Large town with plentiful housing
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ER-2
DC-8
Balloon
SOLVE Platforms
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SOLVE DC-8 Configuration
MTP
LASEH2O
DIALO3, Aerosol
AROTEL LidarO3, Aerosol, T
FTIR
In situOH, HO2
ClO, BrOO3
NO,NOy
N2OCly
HNO3
COCO2
CH4
CNH2O
AerosolsParticles
MicrowaveRadiometerClO, HNO3
HCl, N2O, O3
Photolyzing Radiation
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SOLVE ER-2 Configuration
In situH2O,OH, HO2
BrOO3
NO, NO2, HNO3 NOy
ClO,Cl2O2, Cly
CO, CO2
N2O, CH4, SF6
ClONO2, HClAerosols & CN (0.01 - 50)
UV-Vis RadiationU,V,T,p
MicrowaveTemperatur
eProfiler
.
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Balloon Configuration
OMS In Situ Payload
CH4, HCl, N2O, F11, F12, F113, H1211, CCl4, O3,
SF6, CO,CO2
Remote Payload
JPL - FTIR
JPL - SLS
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Temperature History
USA surface area
Phase I Phase 2 Phase 3
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SOLVE Flights
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
DC-8
ER-2
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GSFC AROTEL temperatures
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Large O3 loss was observed in the polar vortex:between 50% and 70% locally.
Addition of SOLVE/THESEO data allows O3 loss by rate-limiting radicals to be determined up to 90N.
Observed O3 loss exceeds model predictions (by up to 30%) (constrained by Clx) The chlorine budget does not add up correctly: In situ measurement of all major inorganic
Cl species (ClO, ClOOCl, ClONO2, HCl). Cl: Total Organic Cl peaked in troposphere (1992-93), stratosphere at peak due to
CH3CCl3, but F12, and HCFC’s are still rising.
Clarification of the stratospheric Bry budget (50-80% BrO).
Nitrogen chemistry: cannot consistently reproduce NOx and NOy
H2O and climate coupling: Tropospheric influence on “lowest-most” stratosphere directly observed
Apparent trend from 1979 (in March only) in all measures of vortex strength. Widespread, severe denitrification Discovery of NAT rocks (15 microns) Observations suggest NAT formation above Tice, possibly by heterogeneous nucleation.
SOLVE findings