Newest country Southern Sudan

Early Civilizations of the Nile Valley

Egypt

I. Religion

-played a major role in daily life

-polytheistic

-God’s controlled forces of nature

-life after death

-priests and pyramids

-pharaoh

ruler of Ancient Egypt considered a god

II. Economic Activities

-farming

-trade

III. Achievements

-hieroglyphics

-365 day calendar

-math

-medicine

-art

Kush

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Kush

I. Achievements

- 750BC

- King Kastha conquers Nile Valley for short time

-Meroe: capital city

-adapted hieroglyphics

II. Historical Importance

-Egyptian Influence

-polytheistic

-grew rich and powerful from iron industry (learned from Assyrians)

-traded with Egypt and Mediterranean world

-weakened by invasion and internal rivalries

Meroe Pyramids

Axum

I. Achievements

- 350 AD

-King Ezana conquered Kush

-sacred writing (geez)

-controlled port cities (ivory trade)

II. Historical Importance

-present day Ethiopia

-center of trade

-Ethiopic Church (one of the oldest forms of Christianity)

-lost power to Muslim empires

Closure

What were the results of the interaction between civilization?

•exchange of knowledge and ideas– diffusion

Africa: Geography and Early History

Open-Ended Questions

What is a key factor in differentiating between Africa’s

climates because temperatures do not vary greatly from place to

place?

• Amount of Rainfall

List 5 types of societies of Africa

• Hunting and gathering

• Farming

• Fishing

• Herding

• Urban

Factors that influences where people live in Africa.

• Environment

• Climate

• Geography

• Availability of water and resources

• Tropical Wet– Hard to settle because of leaching, insects,

disease, mold and rot• Tropical Wet and Dry

– Unpredictable/unreliable rainfall difficult on farmers/herders, desertification caused by people but still home to most Africans

• Desert– Few areas have grasses to support herding, not

enough rain for farming• Mediterranean

– Supports farming and herding=large population

Identify Africa’s climate regions and describe ways in which that climate has affected the ways of life

of the African people.

Describe ancient Egypt in terms in terms of religion, economy

activities, and achievements.• Religion

– polytheistic, connected to nature, life after death, Pharaoh

• Economic Activities– trade, farming

• Achievements – hieroglyphics, 365 day calendar, math,

medicine, art, architecture

Bonus Info:Civilization of the Nile Valley

• Kush– Rich from iron industry– Meroe: capital city, center of trade

• Axum– King Ezana convert to Christianity– Ethiopic Church – Center for trade