PEKING November 25, 1958

39

R E V l EW

A

New U.S.- Japanese War Plots Condemned

1--Foreign Minister Chen Yi's s tatement on revision of the Japanese-U.S. "Securi ty Trea ty" (p. 10).

2 - - Japan ' s Way Forward (p. 4).

3- -Kishi Teaches the Japanese People by Negative Example (p. 11).

Anniversary of the of Communist and

Moscow Meetings Workers' Parties

Renmin Ribao editorial on the new development in international situation during the past year (p. 7).

Schools Run Factories How the policy of combining education with productive labour is being implemented in China's educational institutions (p. 14).

Everybody Produces Electric Power

Round the Week, Foreign Trade Notes and Other Features

A W E E K L Y M A G A Z I N E O F C H I N E S E N E W S A N D V I E W S

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PEKING REVI EW

(BEIJING Z H O U BA O )

A WEEKLY MAGAZINE OF CHINESE NEWS AND VIEWS

November 25, 1958 Vol. I No. 39

CONTENTS

E D I T O R I A L S Welcome the Envoy of People 's Korea 3

Japan ' s Way Forward 4

ROUND THE WEEK 5 Steel Goal in Sight; Now for the Rolling

Mills; New Stage of Development ; Industr ia l izat ion --: The Mass Way; Copper Drive; Unravel l ing the Soil's Secrets; Communes in the Pas tu re - land; Month of a Million Songs; Accent on Speed

A R T I C L E S A New Stage in the In ternat ional Com-

mun i s t Movement 7

S ta tement on the Revis ion of the Japanese-U.S. "Securi ty Trea ty" 10

Kishi Teaches the J apanese People by Negat ive Example - - Chuang Tao 11

Schools Run Factories - - Ling Yang 14

Everybody Produces Electricity 17

CHINA A N D THE W O R L D 18 Premier Kim I1 Sung in Peking; China

Backs G.D.R. Proposals; Gift f rom Soviet Communist Party; Aid to Mon- golia; Sino-Bulgarian Protocol; Pre- mier Sekou Toure's Message; Algerian Delegation to China; Greetings to Morocco; On Yemen's National Day; Visitors

FOREIGN TRADE NOTES 19

CHINESE PRESS OPINION 20

The Soviet Seven-Year Plan; Solving the German Question; The Pass ing Show

ART EDUCATION, SPORTS 21

WHAT'S ON IN PEKING 22

Published every Tuesday by PEKING REVIEW, Pal Wan Chuang, Peking (37), China

Cable Address: PEKING 6170

Post Office Registration No. 2-521

Printed in the People's Republic of China

Welcome the Envoy of People s Korea

O UR hear ty welcome to the Korean Government Delegation headed by Premier Kim I1 Sung! The state visit of this

delegation marks another milestone in the growth of friendly relations between our two countries.

The friendship be tween .the Chinese and Korean peoples has been consecrated by blood shed in a common cause and tested in the flames of war. In the most difficult days of the Chinese revolution some of the finest sons and daughters of the heroic Korean people fought shoulder to shoulder with the Chinese people. This long-standing friendship was further s trengthened when men and women of our two countries fought together to repel U.S. aggression. The victory of the courageous Korean people in the struggle not only safeguarded their own independence and freedom but also contributed to China's security.

In recent years Sino-Korean friendly relations have develop- ed in every way. The signing this year of the 1959-1962 long- term trade agreement and two other agreements covering Chinese loans to Korea indicates that economic relations between the two countries have entered a new stage of long-range planning and co-operation. Mutual visits by delegations of the Chinese and Korean Governments and people's organizations have considerably reinforced fr iendly co-operation between our two countries in the sphere of politics and culture. The con- t inued strengthening of Sino-Korean co-operation helps socialist construction in both countries and adds to the strength of the socialist camp headed by the Soviet Union.

The brilliant success of the Korean people in post-war rehabili tation commands our interest and admiration. The heavy destruction and losses caused by the U.S. invasion did not daunt the Korean people. They set to work right away to rebuild their homeland almost f rom scratch. People's Korea emerges like a phoenix, more beautiful and stronger than before. The Korean people are now going all out to fulfil their First Five-Year Plan for development of the national economy.

The peace-loving Korean people fervent ly desire to bring about the unification of their motherland and live in peace, free from foreign interference. To promote the peaceful unification of Korea, the Chinese People 's Volunteers have already com- pleted their wi thdrawal f rom Korea. But the troops of the U.S. and its satellites still hold on in south Korea. The peoples can see for themselves who is blocking peaceful set t lement of the Korean quest ion.

The Chinese people stand wholehear tedly behind the Korean people in their batt le for the peaceful unification of their home- land. We are firmly convinced that their righteous struggle will t r iumph in the end.

The present visit to China by the Korean Government Delegation will certainly wri te another glorious page in the history of Sino-Korean friendly relations and contribute towards victory in their common fight against plots and provocations of U.S. imperialism which still occupies south Korea and Taiwan.

Japan's Way Forward S INISTER mystery shrouds the talks now in progress

between the Kishi government of Japan and the U.S. Government on revision of the Japan-U.S. Security Treaty. Both Washington and Tokyo keep their mouths discreetly shut on this subject. But in- formation so far available more or less rounds out a general picture of the tricks Mr. Kishi and his U.S. wire-pullers are up to. They are negotiating a mili tary alliance under pretence of revising the security treaty.

U.S. imperialism is trying to tighten its grip on Japan in the hope of turning that country into a bet ter tool of U.S. aggression in Asia and realizing its long- cherished dream of using Asians to f ight Asians. The Kishi government, representing latent Japanese im- perialism, also has its game to play. By making a new mili tary deal with the U.S., it seeks to revive Japanese militarism and imperialism to put itself into a better position to crack down on the partisans of democracy and peace at home and to carry out the expansionist designs of Japanese monopoly capital against Taiwan and Southeast Asia.

This plot, if allowed to succeed, would pose a serious threat to the security of China and peace in Asia. Foreign Minister Chen Yi's s tatement expresses the grave concern and opinions of the Chinese people.

As matters now stand, the Japanese people need independence, peace and democracy above all else. The reasons are not difficult to understand.

Since the end of World War II, Japan has been in a state of semi-occupation by U.S. imperialism.

_Through the Japan-U.S. Securi ty Treaty and other unequal treaties, the United States controls Japan politically, militarily and economically. The presence of U.S. armed forces and mil i tary bases on Japanese soil is a constant r e m i n d e r to the Japanese people that their independence and sovereignty are seriously jeopardized. Twice in recent y e a r s - - o n c e in the Korean war and again in the current U.S. armed provocations in the Taiwan S t r a i t s - Japan has been used as a staging area and supply base for U.S. troops engaged in naked aggression. The fact is that Japan is being drawn dangerously near to the brink of a nuclear war of U.S. making.

T h e Japanese people are natural ly putting up a resolute fight to defend their national independence. The popular demand for abrogation of the Japan-U.S. Security Treaty, the wi thdrawal of U.S. troops and the dismantling of U.S.. ,mili tary bases grows more insistent with each passing day. U.S. imperialism and the Kishi government are at tempting to exploit these sentiments by talking about "revision" of the Japan- U.S. Security Treaty while they have quite other ends in view.

Washington is playing a deep game. U.S. impe- rialism, under the cloak of mutual defence and certain

nominal "concessions," is actually asking Japan to help defend U.S. mil i tary bases and to dispatch Japanese troops, whenever and wherever necessary, to areas in the West Pacific for use as U.S. cannon-fodder.

The Kishi government is prepared to make fur- ther sacrifices of Japan 's national interest in t~m hope of getting U.S. support for its aggressive schemes of re-establishing the "Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere" as a w a y out of Japan's economic crisis. As discussed elsewhere in this issue, this is wishful think- ing, pure and simple. The main reason is that things today are not what they were twenty years ago. The Japanese reactionaries today face in Asia a united and mighty New China, and a group of socialist countries, and nationally-independent countries.

The last aggressive war waged by Japanese im- perialism brought untold suffering and humiliation to the Japanese people. It led to the exclusion of Japan from the communi ty of peace-loving Asian nations. Now, with U.S. imperialism on its last legs, any ex- pansionist adventure undertaken by such accomplices and henchmen of Washington as Kishi and Co. will lead to yet more disastrous results.

As the world situation now stands, Japan cannot hope for a bright fu ture unless it becomes an inde- pendent, democratic and peace-loving neutral nation living at peace with all the countries of the world, and first and foremost with the Asian countries. To do so, Japan must free itself from U.S. domination and become master in its own house. Only an independent Japan can maintain democracy at home and follow a peaceful neutral policy in foreign relations.

The Chinese people have long hoped to have a peace-loving, independent and democratic Japan as a friendly next-door neighbour.

For Japan to keep friendly contacts with China and other Asian countries in no w a y rules out Japan's maintaining similar relations with the U.S.A. on t h e basis of complete equality. Nor do we take issue with an independent, democratic and peace-loving Japan having its own armed forces for self-defence purposes. This kind of mili tary power will contribute to the safe- guarding of Japan's independence.

The Chinese people have long held that Japan, as an Asian nation, should enjoy economic relations with China and other Asian nations on a footing of equality and mutual benefit. Japan is highly industrialized and relies heavily on exports to keep its national economy in good shape. Once Japan becomes an independent, democratic and peace-loving country and renounces its ambitions of economic expansion it will have full scope to work together with other Asian nations for a common economic progress on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.

The Japanese people still have a long, hard road to travel in their struggle for peace, independence and democracy. But we are confident that they will march along that road to final victory.

ROUND THE WEEK

Steel Goal in Sight China ' s steel o u t p u t ha s pas sed t h e

8-mi l l ion- ton m a r k . On N o v e m b e r 11 the g r a n d to ta l s tood at 8.2 mi l l ion tons, w h i c h is ove r 75 pe r cen t of t he r ev i sed 1958 na t i ona l p lan. T h e r a t e of i n c r e a s e has con t inued to c l imb s tead i ly in t he las t few weeks , t h o u g h m a n y s m e l t e r s a re be ing o v e r h a u l e d a n d qu i t e a n u m b e r of the 60 mi l l ion p e a s a n t s w h o t u r n e d s t ee l -worke r s for a t ime h a v e r e t u r n e d to t h e i r jobs on t h e fa rms .

How fas t t he i n d u s t r y ha s g r o w n can be gauged by t h e f igures jus t r e l ea sed by t he M i n i s t r y of Me ta l l u rg i ca l I n d u s - try. In t he f i rs t t en days of N o v e m b e r , 789,000 tons of s teel w e r e p roduced . Th i s r e p r e s e n t e d an i nc r ea se of 151.6 pe r c en t in da i ly a v e r a g e o u t p u t com- p a r e d to the s a m e pe r iod in October . T h e Oc tober f igure w a s a l r e a d y 91.7 p e r cen t g r ea t e r t h a n t he S e p t e m b e r f igure. A t th i s ra te , t he w h o l e n a t i o n looks conf ident ly to r ea l i za t ion of the goal of 10.7 mi l l ion tons th is year .

Now for the Rolling Mills W i t h o u t p u t assured , t h e b a t t l e fo r

s teel n o w c e n t r e s on s tee l - ro l l ing . Th i s wil l be t h e cen t r a l t a sk for i n d u s t r i a l p roduc t ion in t he i m m e d i a t e m o n t h s ahead . W h e n t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y a t the end of A u g u s t ca l led on t h e n a t i o n to doub le 1957's s teel output , t h e m a i n p r o b l e m con f ron t ing t h e n a t i o n t h e n w a s lack of p ig iron. A m a s s m o v e m e n t w a s l aunched to p roduce pig iron. T h e n came t he p rob l em of t e m p e r i n g i n to steel the vas t a m o u n t of p ig i ron b e i n g produced in al l p a r t s of the coun t ry . A n o t h e r m a s s m o v e m e n t was l a u n c h e d . For w e e k s the who le n a t i o n w e n t s tee l - m ak i n g . T h e p r o b l e m of s teel p roduc - t ion is m o r e or less so lved for t h e t i m e being. T h e big p r o b l e m now is t h e m a k i n g of ro l led steel.

By the end of kthe y e a r C h i n a ' s a n n u a l s t e e l - m a k i n g capac i ty wil l r e a c h some- t h ing l ike 30 mi l l ion tons, e x c l u d i n g s t ee l - sme l t i ng b y t r a d i t i o n a l me thods . S tee l - ro l l ing capaci ty , howeve r , looked as if i t wou ld not exceed 20 mi l l ion tons. Th i s d i s c r epancy is be ing m a d e good by a sh i f t in e m p h a s i s in t h e en g i n ee r i ng indus t ry , f r om m a k i n g i ron- smel t ing and s t e e l - m a k i n g e q u i p m e n t to s teeNrol l ing e q u i p m e n t . Along w i t h t h e l a rge r and m o r e compl i ca t ed types coming off m o d e r n a s s e m b l y lines, a mass m o v e m e n t has b e e n se t in mo t ion

in all p a r t s of t he c o u n t r y to m a k e ro l l ing e q u i p m e n t of the n a t i v e k i n d a n d in the n a t i v e way.

New Stage of Development W h i l e the c e n t r e of the s tage is n o w

occupied by s t ee l - ro l l ing and the m a n u - f a c t u r e of m o r e s t ee l - ro l l ing e q u i p m e n t , t he m a s s m o v e m e n t for s t e e l - m a k i n g has e n t e r e d a n e w s t age of d e v e l o p m e n t in t h e r u r a l areas . W i t h m y r i a d s of smal l , loca l - s ty le f u r n a c e s o p e r a t i n g r e g u l a r l y a n d well , s teps a re now be ing t a k e n to a m a l g a m a t e a n d t u r n t h e m in to local i ron a n d s tee l i n d u s t r y n e t w o r k s . T h e m o r e success fu l loca l - s ty le f u r n a c e s h a v e b e e n chosen as mode ls for popu la r i - zat ion. M a n y a r e t he ingen ious i m p r o - v i sa t ions of the peasan t s . T h e r e is a m a r k e d i m p r o v e m e n t in m e t h o d s of ope ra t i on ; m e c h a n i z a t i o n is on t h e way.

Before t h e c u r r e n t s teel d r ive m a n y p r o v i n c e s h a d h a r d l y any i ron a n d s tee l i n d u s t r y to s p e a k of. The a d v e n t of t h o u s a n d s upon t h o u s a n d s of these small , t r ad i t i ona l - s t y l e sme l t i ng f u r n a c e s do t t i ng t h e coun t rys ide , and t h e i r a m a l g a m a t i o n in to c o m b i n e d i ron and s tee l works , is c h a n g i n g t he i n d u s t r i a l m a p of m a n y regions. They fo rm the b a c k b o n e of new p rov inc ia l m e t a l l u r g i c a l cen t res .

industrialization m The Mass Way T h e s igni f icance of success in t h e

b a t t l e for s teel goes f a r beyond doub l ing l a s t y e a r ' s ou tpu t , a l t h o u g h th i s by i tself wi l l b e i m p r e s s i v e enough. The g rea t s ign i f icance of the c u r r e n t n a t i o n a l d r ive for s tee l l ies in t he fac t t h a t C h i n a ha s found in th i s mass m e t h o d t h e co r r ec t w a y to deve lop i n d u s t r y a t h i g h speed. Th i s was po in ted ou t w i t h specia l e m p h a s i s by t he n a t i o n a l confe r - ence of sec re ta r i e s of the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y ' s p rov inc i a l commi t t ee s in c h a r g e of i n d u s t r y w h i c h h a d j u s t ended in Pek ing . F r o m n o w on the i ndus t r i a l i z a - t ion of C h i n a wi l l be o rgan i zed on t he l ines of a n a t i o n w i d e mass m o v e m e n t .

T h e mass l ine in i n d u s t r i a l cons t ruc - t ion m a k e s i t poss ible to d ives t i n d u s t r y of m u c h of t h a t m y s t e r i o u s a u r a w h i c h m a d e i t s eem as if i t could only. b e r u n by exper t s . I t m a k e s i t poss ib le to end t h e l a s t ves t iges of pa s s iv i t y t o w a r d s i n d u s t r i a l d e v e l o p m e n t a n d f i rmly e s t ab - l i sh a "pos i t i ve e q u i l i b r i u m " w i t h s teel- m a k i n g as t h e pivot . In t e m p e r i n g s teel t h e m a s s m o v e m e n t ha s t e m p e r e d people

too. Wi th i n d u s t r y comlng to the m o u n t a i n a reas a n d vi l lages , the peasan t s h a v e b e g u n to t ake i n d u s t r y in t h e i r s tr ide. A n d th i s goes a long w a y to n a r r o w i n g down, and u l t i m a t e l y des t roying , the d i f fe rences b e t w e e n i n d u s t r y and agr i - cu l tu re , and b e t w e e n t o w n a n d coun t ry - side. T h e c o n f e r e n c e c h a r a c t e r i z e d the d e v e l o p m e n t of th i s m a s s w a y of bu i ld - ing i n d u s t r y as a g r e a t v i c to ry ach ieved by t he C o m m u n i s t P a r t y on t h e indus- t r i a l f r o n t c o r r e s p o n d i n g to the g rea t v ic to ry ach i eved by the mass move- m e n t s in ag r i cu l tu re .

Copper Drive A m a s s c a m p a i g n to p roduce copper

by t r ad i t i ona l m e t h o d s is to be l a u n c h e d t h r o u g h o u t China . Th i s was dec ided b y a na t iona l , o n : t h e - s p o t confe rence on c o p p e r - s m e l t i n g r ecen t l y he ld in Y u n n a n P r o v i n c e u n d e r t h e ausp ices of the M i n i s t r y of M e t a l l u r g i c a l I ndus t ry .

C o p p e r o u t p u t has s t ead i ly inc reased in r e c e n t m o n t h s , b u t i t is s t i l l f a r f r om a d e q u a t e to sa t i s fy fas t g rowing needs. T h e p inch was p a r t i c u l a r l y fe l t d u r i n g t he big leap in t he i ron a n d s teel indus - t ry w h e n the n a t i o n a l s tee l d r ive gave a terr i f ic fi l l ip to t h e e x p a n s i o n of m a n y indus t r i e s , a n d t h e e n g i n e e r i n g and p o w e r i n d u s t r i e s in pa r t i cu la r . T h e ques t ion of t h e supp ly of copper ha s become so i m p o r t a n t t h a t un less i t is solved, i t wi l l s low d o w n social is t con- s t r u c t i o n in China . H e n c e the mass m o v e m e n t fo r c o p p e r - s m e l t i n g w i t h e m p h a s i s on local m e t h o d s wh ich in- vo lve no compl i ca t ed opera t ions .

C h i n a ha s r i ch copper resources s c a t t e r e d in mos t p rov inces and au ton - omous regions . T h e w a y the deposi ts a r e d i s t r i b u t e d m a k e s i t f eas ib le to use local m e t h o d s of smel t ing . Y u n n a n P rov ince , w h i c h a b o u n d s in copper, n o w has m o r e t h a n a mi l l ion m e n and w o m e n w o r k i n g on t he copper f ront .

Unravelling the Soil's Secrsts A mass s u r v e y of t h e soil wi l l be

conduc t ed t h r o u g h o u t C h i n a in the n e x t f ew m o n t h s to e n a b l e t h e people ' s com- m u n e s to d r a w up ove ra l l p l ans to use t h e i r l and m o r e p ro f i t ab ly and ra t iona l ly a n d ach i eve h i g h e r y ie lds on sma l l e r areas . Th i s was dec ided at a n a t i o n a l soil s u r v e y c o n f e r e n c e j u s t conc luded in K w a n g t u n g P rov ince , s o u t h China , w h e r e th is type of w o r k ha s been done mos t

successful ly .

A s po in t ed o u t in the r e c e n t d i r ec t ive on deep p lough ing a n d soil i m p r o v e m e n t i ssued by the C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e of the Ch inese C o m m u n i s t Pa r ty , soil c a r e is t he h e a r t of a set of m e a s u r e s for in - c reas ing a g r i c u l t u r a l p roduct ion . To

ra ise f a r m outputs , i t is n e c e s s a r y f i rs t of a l l to i m p r o v e the soil, and no im- p r o v e m e n t can be m a d e w i t h o u t a n in- t i m a t e k n o w l e d g e of t h e soil i tself .

Soil su rveys t h u s a s s u m e p a r t i c u l a r impor tance , the m o r e so because t h r o u g h - out Ch ina t h e p e a s a n t s a r e p r e p a r i n g for a g r ea t r evo lu t ion in a g r i c u l t u r e - - t he i n t roduc t ion of w h a t is p o p u l a r l y k n o w n as t h e " t h r e e - t h r e e sys tem." T h a t is to say, o n e - t h i r d of the f a r m l a n d wi l l be sown to crops, w h i l e a n o t h e r t h i r d wi l l l ie fa l low a n d t h e r e s t wi l l be t u r n e d in to p a s t u r a g e and p l a n t e d w i t h t rees. S ince a sma l l e r a r ea of l a n d m u s t be cu l t i va t ed to yie ld more , i t is u r g e n t to p robe the sec re t s of t he soil and m a k e tl~e l and y ie ld to t he wi l l a n d f a n c y o i man.

K w a n g t u n g ' s e x p e r i e n c e s h o w s t h a t da ta go t f r o m a n i n t e n s i v e s u r v e y of the land is mos t use fu l in p l a n n i n g p roduc - t ion targets , a n d dec id ing on s u i t a b l e m e a s u r e s for deep p lough ing , a p p l y i n g m a n u r e , improv ing soil fer t i l i ty , a d a p t i n g soil to m e c h a n i z e d f a rming , r e n o v a t i n g i r r iga t ion a n d d r a i n a g e sys tems , etc. Th i s expe r i ence was ca r e fu l l y s tud ied by t he exper t s , professors , r e s e a r c h w o r k e r s a n d g o v e r n m e n t cadres who a t t e n d e d t h e conference .

In c a r r y i n g out i ts gene ra l soil su rvey , w h i c h was comple ted in s ix m o n t h s in- s tead of the 11 yea r s p r e v i o u s l y e s t ima ted , K w a n g t u n g P r o v i n c e t r a i n e d n e a r l y 100,000 p e a s a n t s in t he use of soil science. These f a r m e r s a r e n o w equ ipped w i t h th e k n o w l e d g e a n d t e c h n i q u e n e e d e d to a s c e r t a i n in a scient i f ic w a y t he acid, a lka l ine , n i t rogenous , p h o s p h o r o u s or p o t a s s i u m con t en t of t h e soil. T h e y h a v e l e a r ned h o w to i m p r o v e soil f e r t i l i t y a t t h e s a m e t ime. A m a s s soil s u r v e y on a n a t i o n a l sca le wi l l m e a n t h a t mi l l ions of p e a s a n t s wi l l get s u c h t r a in ing . I t wil l f o r m a n i m p o r t a n t p a r t of C h i n a ' s a m b i t i o u s s chemes for t he con t ro l a n d t r a n s f o r m a t i o n of n a t u r e .

Communes in the Pastureland The c a m p a i g n to se t u p people ' s com-

m u n e s has s p r e a d to Ch ina ' s p a s t o r a l areas. T h e h e r d s m e n of I n n e r Mongol i a h a v e se t a b o u t o rgan iz ing c o m m u n e s w i th e v e n g r e a t e r e n t h u s i a s m t h a n they o rgan ized t h e f i rs t l i ves tock co-operat ive.s in 1952. So f a r m o r e t h a n 39,000 h e r d s m e n househo lds h a v e se t up 93 people ' s com- munes . M a n y l ives tock co -ope ra t ives ar~ m a k i n g p r e p a r a t i o n s to s w i t c h to t h e n e w f o r m of o rgan iza t ion .

In as m u c h as t h e c o m m u n e s c o m b i n e ag r i cu l t u r e a n d a n i m a l h u s b a n d r y w i t h indus t ry , commerce , c u l t u r e a n d educa - t ion, a n d m i l i t a r y affairs , m o s t of t h e m d i v e r t p a r t of t h e i r m a n p o w e r and resources to m a k i n g i ron a n d steel. C reamer i e s , h ide a n d f u r p rocess ing

workshops , w o o d w o r k i n g factor ies , t a i lo r - ing shops, v e t e r i n a r y s ta t ions , cl inics, n u r s e r i e s a n d creches , p r i m a r y schools a n d " r e d a n d e x p e r t " col leges w e r e also opened , b r i n g i n g g r e a t e r p rospe r i t y to the a u t o n o m o u s region.

T h e e m e r g e n c e of t h e people ' s com- m u n e s in I n n e r Mongo l i a r e su l t ed f rom the r ap id d e v e l o p m e n t of a n i m a l h u s b a n d r y a n d a h e i g h t e n e d pol i t ica l u n d e r s t a n d i n g a m o n g t h e h e r d s m e n . This y e a r 84 p e r cen t of t h e reg ion ' s m a r e s a n d ewes foa led a n d l ambed , a r ecord in the h i s to ry of I n n e r Mongol ia . Then , pol i t i - cally, t h e g r e a t e r soc ia l i s t u n d e r s t a n d i n g of t he h e r d s m e n e n a b l e d t h e m to see m o r e a n d m o r e c l ea r ly t he a d v a n t a g e s of f o r m i n g t h e m s e l v e s in to m o r e closely k n i t col lect ives.

In C h i n g h a i a n d K a ~ s u in n o r t h w e s t C h i n a too, m o s t of t he p a s t o r a l a r ea s h a v e o r g a n i z e d people ' s c o m m u n e s . Th i s h a s b r o u g h t a b o u t e v e n m o r e f a r - r e a c h i n g changes in t h e people ' s w a y of l i fe t h a n t h e co-op ranches . In c o m m u n e s , a n i m a l h u s b a n d r y goes h a ~ d in h a n d w i t h t he d e v e l o p m e n t of ag r i cu l tu re , i n d u s t r y a n d o t h e r economic act ivi t ies . Th i s has in tens i f i ed t h e t r e n d for the h e r d s m e n to " se t t l e d o w n " a n d end t h e i r age-old h a b i t s of n o m a d i c life. A l r e a d y t h e h e r d s m e n a n d t h e i r f ami l i es a r e bu i ld ing p r o s p e r o u s s e t t l e m e n t s to l ive in and h a v e b e g u n to t a k e a d v a n t a g e of t h e i r new oppor tun i t i e s for s tudy ing , c u l t u r a l ac t iv i - t ies and t he g r e a t e r scope for p r o d u c t i v e w o r k w h i c h t h e c o m m u n e s give.

Month of a Million Songs T h e " m o ~ t h of a mi l l ion fo lk songs"

s t a r t e d on N o v e m b e r 18 in I n n e r M o n - gol ia gives some idea of the new v i g o u r

Mongolian girls feeding lambs Patnttnff in oil by Kao Ti

of the people of the s t eppe lands in ano th - e r c r e a t i v e field. Long k n o w n as the " l a n d of songs a n d poe t ry ," I n n e r Mon- gol ia is ho ld ing a nove l e x h i b i t i o n at w h i c h t he ve r se a n d mus ic of ove r a mi l l ion of t h e bes t folk songs a re on display. T h e a u t o n o m o u s reg ion ' s top- no t ch a r t i s t s a r e t h e r e to rece ive vis i tors a n d de l igh t t h e m w i t h choice se lect ions f r o m the exh ib i t ion . A song fest ival , poe t ry rec i t a l s a n d b r o a d c a s t p r o g r a m m e s a r e be ing he ld d u r i n g t h e m o n t h .

Wr i te r s , fo lk- lor is ts , and journa l i s t s a re busy col lec t ing a n d pub l ic iz ing the pop- u l a r songs composed a n d sung by the peop le of I n n e r Mongol ia . These days the h e r d s m e n a n d the i r col leagues i,n o t h e r w a l k s of l i fe a r e s ing ing e loquen t ly of t h e "Big L e a p " a n d the good t imes at hand . One song m a k i n g the r o u n d s of the p a s t u r e l a n d goes l ike this :

It's a happy song the people sing Ol bulging granaries met mile after

mile, O] the joys that rivers ol steel

And millions of cattle bring.

Aooont on Speed In Pek ing , a fou r - s to rey bu i ld ing con-

s i s t ing of 1,700 s q u a r e m e t r e s of floor space was r ecen t l y bu i l t i n e igh t days, comple t e a n d r e a d y fo r occupat ion . This is ,no i so la ted e x a m p l e . In m a n y par t s of the c o u n t r y a r e v o l u t i o n is going on in t he bu i ld ing i n d u s t r y to speed up erec-

t ion of houses a n d factories . Hopei

P r o v i n c e in n o r t h C h i n a a lone has 800 p ro jec t s be ing b u i l t t h i s way. Speed is of s u p r e m e i m p o r t a n c e i,n these days of

the big leap.

T h e m o v e m e n t b e g a n in H a r b i n , no r th - eas t Ch ina , l a s t M a r c h w h e n t h e No.1 C o n s t r u c t i o n C o m p a n y p u t up a t h ree - s to rey bu i ld ing in 18 days, a record in t h e count ry . S ince t h e n Pek ing , S h a n g - hai , S h e n y a n g a n d o t h e r ci t ies h a v e foN lowed H a r b i n ' s e x a m p l e in h i g h speed cons t ruc t ion . P ro j ec t s w h i c h be fo re took t h r e e to f ive yea r s a r e now comple ted in a y e a r or two, or e v e n less.

A n a t i o n a l c o n f e r e n c e on h igh speed c o n s t r u c t i o n ha s s u m m e d up ex- pe r i ence a n d checked u p on the qua l i ty of houses a n d e n t e r p r i s e s bu i l t in th is way. I t m e t success ive ly in Pao tow, Ta iyuan , a n d Pek ing , a n d he ld i ts f inal sessions in T ien t s in . I t c o n f i r m e d t h e op in ion t h a t h igh speed c o n s t r u c t i o n en t i r e ly conforms to t he p r i n c i p l e of bu i l d ing more, faster , b e t t e r a n d m o r e economica l ly for social- ist cons t ruc t ion .

High speed cons t ruc t i on m e t h o d s wi l l be used m o r e e x t e n s i v e l y in the coming y e a r w h e n i n v e s t m e n t s in cap i ta l con- s t ruc t i on wi l l b e g r e a t e r t h a n d u r i n g the e n t i r e F i r s t F i v e - Y e a r P l a n period.

A x ./f, RENMIN RIBAO

A New Stage in the International Communist Movement

On the First Anniversary of the Moscow Meetings and the Declarations of the Communist and Workers' Parties of the World

The lol lowing is a translat ion of an editorial publ ished in "Renmin Ribao" (People's Daily) on Novemb er 19, 1958. ~ Ed.

I N November last year, the representat ives of the Com- munist and Workers ' Part ies of the world gathered in

Moscow to celebrate the fort ieth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution. On the init iative of the Communis t Pa r ty of the Soviet Union, representat ives of the Communis t and Workers ' Par t ies of twelve socialist countries met f rom November 14 to 16 and represent- atives of 64 Communis t and Workers ' Part ies met f rom November 16 to 19. These two meetings of great historic significance adopted two declarations of great historic importance.

A year has now passed since these meetings were held and the documents were issued in Moscow. The Declara- tion of the Communis t and Workers ' Part ies of the twelve socialist countries has, in fact, become the p rog ramme of the international communis t movemen t for the coming period, because it sums up the experiences of the interna- tional communist movement in the past hundred years, and part icularly in the recent for ty years, and because it has been later approved by the Communis t Par t ies in the cap- italist countries. The Peace Manifesto of the 64 Com- munist and Workers ' Part ies has become a clarion call for unity and solidarity of the people of the world in the s t rug- gle to halt war and defend peace, because it reflects the firm will of the people the world over to safeguard peace.

Now that a year has passed since then, people see more clearly that the Moscow meetings of the Communis t and Workers ' Par t ies of the w o r l d - - t h e most broadly- representat ive conferences ever held since the dissolution of the Communis t I n t e r n a t i o n a l - - h a v e actually ushered the international communis t movemen t into a new stage, because those meetings laid a new ideological and political basis for the solidarity of the internat ional communis t movement .

p ARTICULARLY striking, in the past year, has been the contrast between the flourishing socialist camp

and the withering imperialist camp. No mat te r how much the imperialists and the modern revisionists m a y allege that capitalism can aver t crisis, the torrent ial wave of a serious periodic economic crisis is again sweeping through the major capitalist countries. No mat t e r how much the imperialists and modern revisionists mock at the planned economy and revolut ionary fervour of the people in the socialist countries, the whole socialist camp is growing in prosperity and moving forward at top speed.

The total industrial o u t p u t of the United States, in the first six months of this year, dropped 10.8 per cent compared with the same period last year; while that of the Soviet Union increased 10.5 per cent. Britain 's in- dustrial production continues to decline af ter three years of stagnation while China's keeps soaring. In the same period, the industrial production of the socialist countries rose 13 per cent on the average, while that of the U.S., Britain, France, West G e r m a n y and J a p a n dropped 4.6 per cent. The proport ion of the world 's total industrial output produced by the socialist countries has increased f rom about 33 per cent last year to 38-40 per cent this year. A gigantic leap forward in agricul ture was made this year by both the Soviet Union and China. The Soviet Union reaped an unprecedented bumper grain harvest while China per formed a miracle unknown in past his- tory by doubling its output of both grain and cotton.

In the field of science and technology, the Soviet Union has a l ready outstr ipped the United States and this trend will continue. The third colossal artificial ear th satellite launched by the Soviet U n i o n - - a veri table automatic laboratory of cosmic s c i e n c e - - i s still circling the globe. The second single-stage geophysical rocket launched by the Soviet Union this year re turned accurately to the suecified place af ter reaching a height of 450 kilometres. The United States could only look up to "outer space" and languish.

All these phenomena indicate that in the peaceful competition, the socialist camp will undoubtedly vanquish the imperialist camp.

D URING the past year, the camp of socialism headed by the Soviet Union has won t remendous victories in its

struggle to safeguard world peace and support the na- tional independence movements , while the aggressive ex- pansionist and "b r ink-of -war" policies pursued by the im- perialist bloc, and by U.S. imperial ism in particular, have suffered severe blows. The national independence move- m e n t s - in Asia, Africa and Latin A m e r i c a - are surging forward as never before and are turning the former "estates" of the imperialists into volcanoes under their feet.

The predicaments in which the aggressive imperialist forces find themselves in the two areas in the eastern part of the w o r l d - West Asia and the Taiwan S t r a i t s - show even more dlcarly their fatal weakness: they have too little strength for their too great ambitions,

The victory of I raq 's national revolution has broken the imperialist chains around West Asia. U.S.-British im- perialism has failed again and again in its interventionist schemes and subversive activities directed against the Iraqi Republic, and there is nothing .it can do about it. The armed forces of the United States and Britain, which landed in Lebanon and Jordan in such a swashbuckling fashion, had to get out again in ut ter disgrace.

The mil i tary threats and war provocations by U.S. imperialism in the Taiwan Straits area, instead of cowing the Chinese people, have had the opposite effect of mobilizing the Chinese people, and have put the United States itself in a position of unparallel led political and moral isolation.

The course of the struggle in the past year has dem- onstrated that, by pursuing its policy of aggression and war everywhere, U.S. imperial ism is mere ly sticking its neck into nooses everywhere and cannot pull it out. In the face of the might of the world 's peoples, it has shown itself to be a paper tiger, outwardly strong but inwardly brittle, and the No. 1 teacher of the people of the whole world by its negative example.

U NITY within and among the Communis t and Workers ' Part ies of the various countries and solidarity among the

socialist countries, as the Moscow Declaration pointed out, form the nucleus of all broader unity. 0 n l y by s t rengthen- ing the solidarity within the camp of socialism headed by the Soviet Union and the solidarity within the in terna- tional communist movement led by the Communis t Pa r ty of the Soviet Union, can all working people and progres- sive mant~ind and all f reedom-loving and peace-loving forces throughout the world be successfully united. Since the Moscow meetings, there has been marked progress in the solidarity among the Communis t and Workers '

Part ies of various countries and among the socialist coun- tries both in their struggle for t he common cause of peac.e, sociaIism and Marxism-Leninism, and in increasing close contact, mutual understanding and exchange of ex- periences.

In the past year, leading members of the Communis t Part ies and governments of the socialist countries have visited each other and held talks and meet ings on a broad scale. Representat ives of the Communis t and Workers ' Par t ies of the m em ber nations of the Mutual Economic Assistance Counci l met in Moscow last May and studied the expansion of economic co-operation and mutua l aid among the socialist countries. In June, representat ives of the Communis t and Workers ' Par t ies of fifteen Euro- pean countries met in Berlin and discussed the questions of joint struggles against the imperialist war policy, for European collective security and world peace, etc. August saw the first issue of the theoretical and informat ive journal of the Communis t and Workers ' Parties, Problems of Peace and Socialism. In the same month, Comrades Mao Tse-tung and N. S. Khrushchov held their talks in Peking. These talks and the subsequent communique were a heavy blow to the aggressive imperialist forces and a new source of high inspiration for the people of the world who cherish the eause of peace and social progress.

In February this year, a Chinese Governmen t Delega- tion led by Comrade Chou En-lai visited Korea. I n March, a Ru.raanian ~ov~r~nent Delegation led: by Cora:

rade Chivu Stoica visited China, Korea, Viet-nam, and Mongolia. In April, a Soviet Government and Commu- nist Pa r ty Delegation led by Comrade N. S. Khrushchov visited Hungary and Comrade Klement E. Voroshilov visited Poland. In May, a Polish Government and United Workers ' Pa r ty Delegation led by Comrade Wladyslaw Gomulka visited Bulgaria, Hunga ry and Rumania. In July, a Czechoslovak Government and Communis t Par ty Delega- tion led by Comrade Antonin Novotny visited the Soviet Union. In October, a Polish Government and United Workers ' Pa r ty Delegation led by Comrade Gomulka visited the Soviet Union.

T HE Communis t and Workers ' Parties of all countries have worked tirelessly in the past year to swell the

tide of the international communist movement . The Communis t Pa r ty of the Soviet Union has made great achievements in leading the Soviet people in communist construction, and it has made outstanding contributions to uniting peace-loving forces throughout the world to clear away the clouds of war. Anti-Soviet slanders by the modern revisionists can never ha rm the great Com- munist Par ty of the Soviet U n i o n - - t h e centre of unity of the international communis t movement . On the con- trary, its prestige is mount ing among the working people the world over. The for thcoming Twenty- f i r s t Congress of the Communis t Pa r ty of the Soviet Union, now being actively prepared, and the inspiring targets of the 1959- 1965 plan of economic development to be adopted at the Congress, will be an impor tant l andmark in speeding communist construction in the Soviet Union.

The Communis t Par ty of China, which has led the Chinese people through the rectification campaign and anti-r ightist struggle, has t r iumphan t ly carried out the socialist revolution on the political and ideological fronts. The Second Session of the Eighth National Congress of the Chinese Communis t Par ty in May formula ted the general line for the building of socialism by exert ing the utmost efforts and pressing ahead consistently to achieve greater, faster, bet ter and more economical results. I l luminated by this general line, the whole country is being swept by the surging tide of communis t emancipa- tion of the mind, great forward leaps in industrial and agricultural production, the movements to organize people's communes, to enlist every citizen into the militia forces and to combine education with productive labour.

The peoples of the other socialist countries led by their Communis t Part ies have also achieved great suc- cesses in the economic, political and cultural fields. Congresses of the People's Revolut ionary Par ty of Mon- golia, the Communis t Part ies of Bulgaria and Czechoslova- kia and the Socialist Unity Par ty of Germany, held this year, have become the motive force in rallying and mobilizing their peoples to step up the building of socialism.

The Communis t Part ies of the Asian, African and Latin American countries are becoming the core of national unity in the struggles of these lands for national independence.

The Communis t Part ies of the major capitalist coun- tries have s t rengthened their uni ty and will in their arduous struggles against onslaughta by the reactionaries and sabotage l~y the revisionists~ The~ French .Com~

munist Par ty is rallying and educating the French people to oppose de Gaulle 's dictatorial rule and defend the republican system in France. The Ital ian Communis t Par ty scored a bril l iant victory in the elections last May. After the Finnish pa r l i amenta ry elections, the Finnish Communist Party, with its allies, became the biggest group in parl iament. The Japanese Communis t Par ty is uniting the Japanese people to launch an immense move- ment against the Kishi government ' s subservience to the aggressive policy of the United States and against the revival of Japanese militarism, and to fight for Japan ' s independence, democracy and peace. The Communis t Par ty of the United States has regained its mil i tancy after expelling John Gates and other revisionists f rom its ranks. After the repudiat ion of the revisionist Larsen clique and the expulsion of Larsen f rom the Danish Com- munis t Party, af ter the expulsion of the renegade Wagenaar-Brandsen f rom the Dutch Communis t Par ty, the ranks of the two Part ies have become purer and their strength has increased.

T HE strengthening of the solidarity among the rank and file of the communists in the world has found

expression not only in their unanimous approval of the Moscow Declaration and Manifesto, bu t also in their joint efforts in the struggle to repudiate modern revisionism. Prior to the Moscow meetings, the Communis t Part ies of var ious countries had beaten back successive ant i - communist waves stirred up by imperial ism and by the reactionaries of various countries before and af ter the Hungar ian events. After that, when modern revisionism in Yugoslavia madly at tacked the internat ional com- munist movement , the Communis t Part ies of various countries unanimously denounced and opposed modern revisionism in Yugoslavia and in the workers ' movemen t elsewhere. These two batt les have tempered the rank and file of the Communis t Part ies of various countries politically and ideologically, ensuring greater pur i ty among them and making them stronger.

The revisionist elements, like the imperialists and the reactionaries in various countries, are teachers by negative example for the communists. In the service of imperialism, and par t icular ly U.S. imperialism, the Yugoslav modern revisionists vainly a t tempted to under- mine the monolithic uni ty of the socialist camp and of the ranks of the international communis t movement as demonstrated at the Moscow meetings. They tried vainly to challenge the ideological weapon with which the Moscow Declaration and Manifesto a rmed the working class, the labouring people and all p rogress ive mankind. Just as the policies of aggression and war of the U.S. im- perialists had a resul t opposite to what they wished, so the Yugoslav modern revisionists, in their scheme to raise the white flag of revisionism inside the international communist movement , also achieved resu l t s that were the opposite of what they wished. Because the leading group in Yugoslavia has fully exposed itself as a renegade to the working class, it has failed to carry out its decep- tion within the internat ional communis t movement . In the struggle against revisionism, the Communis t Part ies of various countries have s t rengthened their ideological work and their f ighting capacity as well as consolidated the ~olida~ity within their ranks and _with,~ne another ,

I MPERIALISM will not last long. Inspired by the pro- g ramme for peace, democracy, national liberation and

socialism proclaimed by the Moscow meetings, the revolut ionary proletar ia t and labouring people of all countries have become increasingly ma tu re in their per- severance and far-s ightedness in the cause of revolution. In the struggle between aggression and anti-aggression, between oppression and anti-oppression, between im- perial ism and the reactionaries on the one side and the peoples of various countries on the other, the imperialist and react ionary side always disrupts, fails, disrupts again, fails again till it meets its doom. I t will never go against this logic. The people 's side in various countries always struggles, fails, struggles again till victory is achieved. This is the logic of history.

In history, the new-born forces have invariably grown f rom small to large and finally achieved a dominant position; while the decaying forces have invar iably shrunk f rom large to small, till they finally met their fate which is des{ruction. In the course of historical development, the backward movement of the decaying forces towards death is absolute; while certain advances which they manifes t in their ferocity are t ran- sient, and therefore relative. With regard to the new-born forces, on the contrary, the forward movement they manifest in their growth is absolute, while certain reverses they encounter in their setbacks are transient, and there- fore relative. The occasional forward movements of the decaying forces and the occasional backward movements of the new-born forces are mere twists and turns in his- torical development. These twists and turns are often unavoidable. Within these twists and turns, the forward movements of the decaying forces contain the seeds of their grea ter retreats while the occasional backward movements of the new-born forces are preparat ions for their grea ter advance.

That the ruling classes in France and some other countries have recently taken to the path of mil i tary dictatorship is a demonstrat ion of this tortuous path of history. In these countries, the react ionary ruling classes gain the upper hand merely for a while. Their mil i tary dictatorial rule serves only to declare the bankruptcy of bourgeois democracy. The mil i tary dictatorship that replaces bourgeois democracy will certainly lead to the ut ter defeat of the reactionaries. Through these events, the people of the countries concerned, apar t f rom receiv- ing positive education f rom the communists, have the mil i tary dictators for their teachers by negative example. The people of these countries will be tempered and educated, will be able to draw a clear line between them- selves and the enemy, and will come ever closer to the pa th of revolution.

T HE common law of the communis t movement , as summed up in the great Moscow declarations, carries

forward Marxism-Leninism and enriches the t r e a s u r y of communis t theory. The facts of the past y e a r have proved that precisely because the Communist Parties of the world have mastered this theoretical weapon, the international communis t movement is growing vigorously and the ranks o f the communists are becoming ever more firmly united. Similarly, precisely because the Communist Part ies of various countries have mastered this theoretical weapon, they have been able to unite as one and unfold t h e s t r u g g l e to cxpos~ and repudiate modern revisionism.

Marxist-Leninist theory is invincible because R originates f rom revolut ionary practice, serves revolu- t ionary practice and is continuously enriched and developed in the course of r evo lu t i ona ry practice, That is why it has been able to reflect and guide the ever- changing new practice that arises in history, and has be- come the universal truth.

The Moscow meet ings of the Communis t and Workers ' Part ies of the various countries marked the beginning of a new stage of ever increasing prosperi ty for the international communis t movemen t and a great turn- ing point in the internat ional political situation in which the East wind prevails over the West wind. Peace and socialism will certainly continue to score new victories.

STATEMENT ON THE REVISION OF THE JAPANESE-U.S. "SECURITY TREATY"

The ]ollowing statement was issued by Chert ¥i, Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China, on November 19, 1 9 5 8 . - - Ed.

The Kishi government of J apan is now negotiating with the United States Government for the revision of the Japanese-U.S. "Securi ty Treaty ." Surely with no good intentions, the United States is anxious to get J apan involved and turn it into a tool for U.S. aggression in Asia. The Kishi government of Japan, on its part , is willing to enter into, the service of the United States and tie J apan more tightly to the American war chariot so as to pursue its policy of continued hostility to China and of expansion in the direction of Southeast Asia.

The Chinese people are suffering f rom U.S. aggres- sion. Their memory of the Japanese mili tarists ' crimes of aggression is still fresh. The Chinese Government and people cannot help being gravely concerned over the hostile plot against the Chinese people concocted by the Kishi government of J apan in collusion with the United States, and express their great indignation.

The Japanese--U.S. "Securi ty Trea ty" is a unilateral, unequal t reaty by which U.S. imperial ism enslaves the Japanese nation. Through this t rea ty Japan has been brought nearer and nearer the br ink of war created by the United States. In recent years, in order to shake .off U.S. control and gain national independence, the Japanese people have constantly demanded the abrogation of the Japanese-U.S. "Securi ty Treaty ," the removal of all U.S.

mil i tary bases and wi thdrawal of all U:S. a rmed forces f rom Japanese soil including Okinawa and the Ogasawara Islands. The Chinese people ful ly sympathize with the just aspirations of the Japanese people and support them, and would like to see them realized through the abroga- tion of the Japanese-U.S. "Securi ty Trea ty" or the con- clusion of a t ruly equal t rea ty between J apan and the United States.

The revisions which the United States and Kishi are planning to make in the Japanese-U.S. "Securi ty Treaty ," however, are diametrical ly opposed to the aspirations of the Japanese people. Taking advantage of the Japanese people's desire for independence and sovereignty, the U.S. is trying, in a f raudulent way, to modi fy this t rea ty into one which is even more unequal for Japan. According to information already disclosed, this t ime the United States may make cer ta in-nominal concessions i n exchange

for even greater Japanese sacrifices in the U.S. interest. The. plan of the United States is obvious. The first step is to make Japan assume the obligation of defending U.S. mil i tary bases under the name of mutua l defence. The second step is to extend the mutua l defence area to the West Pacific. The third step is to involve Japan in a nuclear war when the occasion arises, and make it pull the chestnuts out of the f ire for the United States. In this: way, the Americans can turn Japan into their per- manent mil i tary base; they can stay on in Japan and lord it over the Japanese, ordering them t o d o this and that and depriving Japan of its independent position for ever.

The Chinese people have never objected to an inde- pendent, peace-loving and democrat ic Japan having armed forces f o r self-defence to safeguard its own independence. The United States, however, intends that the Japanese armed forces should not be used for self-defence, but to guard U.S. bases and serve as cannon-fodder for U.S. aggression. Under the name of "mutua l defence," the United Sta tes .could dispatch Japanese troops to China's Taiwan and to. any place in the West Pacific, whenever it deems necessary, to serve as accomplices in U.S. mili- ta ry aggression.

It is by no means accidental that the United States has agreed to revise %he Japanese-U.S. "Securi ty Treaty" at this moment . Having suffered successive defeats recently af ter taking the field itself in the Near and Middle East, and par t icular ly in the Taiwan Straits area, the United States is now anxious to find a capable helper in the Far East to bear the b run t on its behalf, so as to realize its plot of using Asians to fight Asians. Nor is it a t ' a l l strange that Kishi should be willing to follow the United States into deep water. The Kishi government, whicl~ is the concentrated expression of la tent imperialism in Japan, imagines tha t by fur ther collaborating with the United States it will b e able to revive Japanese militarism, suppress the dissatisfaction and resistance of the Japanese people, save Japan f rom its e v e r more serious economic crisis and realize the ambit ions of Japanese monopoly capital to have a f inger in Taiwan and to expand in the direction of Southeast Asia. But Kishi has totally mis- calculated. The world of today is by no means the world of 20 years ago. The m i g h t y Soviet Union and China are impregnable. The a t tempt of Japanese: monopoly capital to carry on economic, political and mil i tary expansion in Southeast Asia by means of fu r ther mil i tary collusion wi th the United St~.te~ is' also sure to be frustrated. The

10

awakened peoples of the Southeast Asian co.tmtries definitely will not tolerate plunder, by Japan. Japanese expansion can have no other result but to arouse the res- olute opposition of the peoples of these countries, and thus fail in the end. If Kishi refuses to come to his senses and persists in 'playing the accomplice inthe United States aggression against China and the rest of 'Asia, he will be "lifting a rock only to have his own toes squashed.'"

Japan is a nation with a tradition of independence. The Japanese people are industrious, talented and brave. The Japanese people cannot possibly allow the United States to lord it over them for~, long. They resolutely demand an end to the state of U.S. occupation of Japan, the abrogation of unequal treaties between the United States and Japan, and the establishment of equal relations, as between two independent states, between Japan and the United States. The Chinese people have always sup- ported the Japanese people in their struggle for inde- pendence,~peace and democracy. They :heartily wish that Japan will become a country of peace and neutrality. The only bright future for the Japanese people lies in an independent, democratic, peace-loving and neutral Japan which has equal and mutually beneficial economic

relations with other countries of the world, first of all with Asian countries, and together with them makes progress, enjoys prosperity and lives in peace.

Kishi's policy of leading the Japanese people to a dead end has evoked the ever stronger resistance of the Japanese people of all social strata. In order to deprive the Japanese people of democratic freedoms and pave the way for the revision of the Japanese-U.S. "Security Treaty," the Kishi government is trying to force through the "Police Duties Law Revision Bill." The Japanese people have launched a powerful mass movement, unprec- edented in its scale, to oppose this bill, the new military c011usion between the U.S. and the Japanese reactionaries and the Kishi government's policy of antagonizing China. Sensible people in the Liberal-Democratic Party are also expressing ever greater discontent with Kishi's reactionary policy. The Chinese people have sincere sympathy for and support the Japanese people in their just struggle to attain independence and safeguard democracy. Although the struggle will be long and the path tortuous, the U.S. imperialists and their accomplices will certainly suffer final defeat and the Japanese people will certainly win ultimate victory.

Reviving Militarism

Kishi Teaches the Japanese By Negative Example

People

by CHUANG TAO

Nobusuke Kishi has come out into the open in his true colours as an outright militarist and imperialist. What impels him to do so? And what 'does the future hold in store for him and his reactionary clique?

T HE whole of Japan is astir. Popular opposition to the Kishi government is mounting steadily. Millions of

people have joined in strikes and mass meetings and pro- tested in other forms against the domestic and foreign policies of the Japanese reactionary forces represented by Kishi, the man who is apparently trying to take up where Hideki Tojo left off when.his career came to its abrupt end.

Kishi Sheds the Mask

On October 9, Kishi gave an interview to Cecil Brown, a correspondent of the American Nationai Broadcasting Company, which, when broadcast, sparked 'a nationwide uproar in Japan: Japan's Prime" Minister had bluntly stated that the "time has come for Japan to abrogate Article 9 of the Constitution." And the said Article provides that Japan shall not send its troops abr0ad and shall renounce war.

This provision was written into the Japanese Constitu- tion only after the people of many lands shed rivers of

btood in defeating Japanese militarism in World War II. In the post-war years, the Japanese people have made strenuous efforts to uphold this provision because they know that it is aimed to block the resurgence of Japanese militarism and to prevent Japan from again unleashing an aggressive war. Kishi's declaration was tantamount to an open announcement that he is determined to follow the United States a~d send Japanese troops abroad for fresh aggressions.

In this same interview, Kishi also vented his bitter hostility to tl~e Chinese people. He slandered China, calling her the "aggressor" in Korea in the pas t and the "aggressor" agaL,~st Quemoy and Matsu now. He ranted ojh that "Japan must do everything possible to prevent FormoSa [Taiwan] and Korea from being taken over by the COmmunists. That must never happen for the sake of Japan's security." Kishi, in fact, has already become a c~ief, accomplice in the aggressive activities and war pr0vocations carried out by the United States in the Taiwan S~raits area against China. But he wants to ,give still greater service to U.S. imperialist aggression against China and Asia. He indicated in this radio interview that he was also ready to forge a northeast Asia anti-communist military alliance with the Chiang Kai-shek .and Syngman Rhee cliques.

11

Kishi has given the Japanese people m a n y more nega- tive lessons in recent weeks. An outstanding one is the "Police Duties Law Revision Bill." In accordance with this ' bill, which his cabinet tabled in the ex t raord inary Diet session on October 8, the police author i ty in Japan is to be greatly strengthened. Such measures as "prevent ive arrests," "spot checks" and "bodily searches," forbidden since the end of the war, are to be revived. As a large section of Japanese public opinion has pointed out, this bill is designed to turn Japan once more into a police state.

Still another negative lesson f rom Kishi is t h e p r o j - ected revision of the Japan-US. "Securi ty Treaty." The Japanese people are anxious to abrogate this treaty, but press reports f rom Japan reveal that in the negotiations between the Kishi government and the United States on revision of the treaty, agreement "in principle" has already been reached on m a n y questions.

What will this revision mean for the people of Japan? Press reports disclose that the new " t rea ty" will in effect accord the United States the legal r ight to control J apan militarily. The two part ies have agreed to a clause ex- pressly stipulating "the obligation of the United States to defend Japan."

In view of the fact that the Kishi government has steered Japan fur ther onto the course of war and fascism and become a more compliant tool for U.S. aggression, Washington is reported to have agreed to two changes in the treaty. The first is the deletion f rom the present t rea ty of the clause that U.S. a rmed forces can be used to suppress "riots and disturbances," i.e., democrat ic movements in Japan. The second is that J apan will be

Tojo: "You've taken everything else

from me. Don't forget the noose ! "

By Wang Lo- t t en

consulted in advance concerning the mil i tary operations of U.S. forces in Japan.

The former revision shows that in the eyes of the U.S. rulers, the Kishi government can now be trusted to suppress the Japanese people itself. The lat ter provision is, in fact, a hoax. Japanese public opinion has been quick to point out that it is impossible for the United States to conduct any consultations with Japan before it plunges, in a n emergency, into aggressive mil i tary adventures. ¥oneo Sakai, TokyO Shimbun correspondent in Washing- ton, writes, for instance, that "it would be impracticable for the United States to consult the Japanese Government in advance regarding the deployment of its forces in time of emergency." On the other hand, the "consultation" provided for in the revised t rea ty may w e l l be used by the United Sta tes to drag J apan into its aggressive acts as an accomplice. The latest dispatches f rom Tokyo and Washington disclose that the United States is prepared, by vir tue of the ~revised treaty, to extend the Japan-U.S~ "joint defence a rea" to cover not only Okinawa and the Ogasawara Islands, but the whole western Pacific.

Thus the talks on the Japan-U.S. "Securi ty Treaty" are running entirely counter to popular aspirations in Japan. For they are aimed at turning the present "Security Trea ty" into a bilateral Japan-U.S. mil i tary alliance of the "mutua l defence pact" type. J apan will be assigned the role of a tool and a ca t ' s -paw in Washington's scheme to "make Asians fight Asians."

Mounting Opposition

These negative lessons have enabled the Japanese people to recognize the Kishi government more clearly for wha t it is. The Yomiuri Shimbun, for example, stated in a commenta ry on October 17 that Kishi 's s tatements had proved the correctness of the Chinese people's opinion of his cabinet. I t is under these circumstances that in recent weeks the popular movement against the Kishi government has been surging forward. In specific terms, it is centred around the following four major issues:

1. Opposition to Kishi 's announced intention of amending the Cons t i tu t ion and scrapping its provision re- nouncing war, to his a t tempts to clear the way for sending Japanese troops abroad, build up nuclear a rmamen t s and lead Japan once more onto the pa th of war.

2. Opposition to Kishi 's tailing behind the United States and his open hostility towards the People's Republic of China, to his scheme to enter into a northeast Asia ant i -communis t mi l i ta ry alliance with Chiang Kai-shek and Syngman Rhee and set up a Japan-U.S. military alliance under the cloak of revising the Japan-U.S. "Securi ty Treaty ."

3. Opposition to the "efficiency rat ing system" insti- t u t ed by the Kishi government for Japanese teachers, an a t t empt to whip teachers into line so as to indoctrinate Japanese y o u t h s with mil i tar ism and carry forward the ideological prepara t ions for unleashing aggressive wars; opposition to the enactment by the Kishi government of the "Anti-Espionage Law" and its revision of the "Police Duties Law" which are aimed at curtailing the rights of the working people and t ransforming Japan into a police state.

12

4. Opposition to the Kishi government ' s economic policies which cater exclusively to the needs of Japanese monopoly capital, are deepening the crisis in the Japa- nese economy and impoverishing the Japanese working people.

In recent weeks, the main brunt of the Japanese people's struggle has been directed against the "Police Duties Law Revision Bill" because the Kishi government is trying by high-handed measures to r am it through the extraordinary Diet session.

This struggle has rallied together a wide range of political parties and organizations and large sections of the Japanese population. They include the Japanese Socialist Party, the Japanese Communis t Par ty, the General Council of Trade Unions of J apan (Sohyo) with a membership of over three million, the Al l -Japan Federa- tion of Farmers ' Unions, and popular organizations of women, part isans of peace, defenders of the Constitution and supporters of Japan-China friendship, as well as members of academic, press, cultural and artistic circles, pet ty bourgeoisie and middle bourgeoisie. Even within the ruling Liberal-Democrat ic Party, quite a few member s who are more far-sighted are dissatisfied with Kishi.

An acute struggle is now going on between two op- posing forces in Japan. One, represented by the Kishi clique, seeks to follow at Washington's heels still more closely, carry on a hostile policy towards China and drag Japan into fascism and war. The other, represented 'by the Socialist Pa r ty and the Communis t Par ty, strives to free Japan f rom U.S. control, restore normal Japan-China relations and take the road of peace, independence and democracy. Every day the scope of this struggle widens. On October 28, for instance, more than. 3.5 million Japanese workers and students in different par ts of the country turned out to demonst ra te their protest in different forms. Eight days later, 5.5 million Japanese workers made their opposition to the new police law known in var ious organized ways. These demonstra t ions have been unprec- edented in scale since the end of the war. Bearing in mind that the total Japanese populat ion is around 89 million, these numbers alone give some idea of the sweep of this popular tide. And the struggle is still developing though the Kishi government has audaciously declared its intention of using fascist measures of suppression.

Underlying Factors

Nobusuke Kishi, the militarist, has come out into the open. What has led up to it? And wha t does it signify?

Taking a broad view of world developments, it is not difficult to see that what Kishi is doing in Japan forms par t of the chain of react ionary mil i tary coups engineered by the United States in Asia to check the s torm signalled by the Ju ly 14 Iraqi revolution. Washington 's aim is to suppress the Asian peoples ' struggle for peace, indepen- dence and democracy and bind their countries t ightly to its war chariot, keeping them as its tools in its bid for world hegemony. In Washington's wa r s t ra tegy Japan is its largest aggressive base in the Far East. So, of course, it couldn't be left out of these recent U.S. manoeuvres.

Another reason which makes Kishi take the plunge now is the serious domestic difficulties confronting the

Japanese ruling clique. Japanese economy has deteriorated continuously since the spring of last year, it is sinking into the morass of the economic crisis which grips the capitalist world headed by the United States.

In their a t t empt to relieve the crisis, the Japanese ruling circles have prescribed two antidotes for themselves: increased exports and st imulation of domestic demand. Even the apologists of Japanese monopoly capital, however, are doubtful of the efficacy of such attempts. Tl~e pros- pects for boosting exports are far f rom promising. The Japanese Government has had to announce a slash in the country 's 1958 export plan f rom the original target of 3,150 million U.S. dollars to 2,887 million U.S. dollars. And economic circles in J a p a n are saying that it would be grat i fying indeed if the reduced target is reached. As for s t imulat ing internal demand, the possibilities are pre t ty limited in view of the fact that there is a serious surplus of production facilities and factories in general are working to only 70 per cent of capacity. Over-production is part icularly acute in the ship-building, textile and machine-bui lding industries.

Under these circumstances, the Japanese ruling circles are indulging in that old dream of an "East Asia Co- prosperi ty Sphere." Expansion in Southeast Asia along the path once taken by imperialist J apan appears to them to be a sure cure. Mosaburo Suzuki, President of the Socialist Par ty, hit the nail on the head when he charged, on October 18, that the Kishi cabinet was a second Tojo cabinet.

But the present situation is vast ly different from Tojo's day. Kishi today cannot throw his weight around as Tojo did. A powerful China has appeared in Asia. The Japanese ruling clique itself is lacking in strength. To get back onto the old imperial is t road, the Kishi government calculates that i t has to s tar t its "career" by first currying favour with U.S. imperial ism, serving as its lackey, and then gradually working its way towards the resurgence of a mili tarist Japan. When Japanese Foreign Minister Aiichiro Fu j iyama visited the United States last Septem- ber, his main job w a s to sell his country for that lackey's role. But even this roundabout way which the Japa- nese ruling clique thinks will lead it back to its old "glory," will also prove to be a blind alley in the world of today.

Kishi has shed his mask. Now he stands in all his naked ferocity. But this does not show the s trength of the Japanese ruling clique he represents, nor of the U.S. imperialists who stand behind him. On the c o n t r a r y , it is a sign of their weakness and desperation at a t ime in the internat ional situation when the East wind prevails over the West wind, when U.S. imperial ism becomes ever more discredited in Asia and Japan and the Japanese ruling clique runs up against ever graver difficulties and increasing opposition f rom Japan ' s democratic forces.

I t is these circumstances that compel Kishi to show his hand. But the convulsive kicks of the imperialists and reactionaries, fa r f rom warding off their impending doom, only serve to educate the people by negat ive example and rouse them everywhere to the necessity of intensifying their struggle against reaction. Kishi, for one, is facing ever more determined opposition f rom more and more people in his own country.

13

New Phase in Education

Schools Run Factories by LING YANG

Visiting a Chinese school these days, you wil l see students going with books to their classrooms or carrying tools to their factories, workshops or farms. The new way of combining education with productive labour is helping to create a new type of intellectual.

C OLLEGES and schools are not what they used to be in this fast changing China of today. I t is hard to fit them

into any of the old, accepted categories. Students read their textbooks and hear lectures, but m a n y schools are also becoming par t factory, par t farm, or both and a scientific research centre as w e l l - a productive-educational insti tu- tion of a new kind.

The educational policy of. the Chinese Communis t Par ty has always been to combine education with pro- ductive labour. Now circumstances make it possible to move faster in this Airection. Early this year, the "work- while-you-study" p rogramme was introduced in the schools in a big way. In t e rm- t ime students did pro- ductive work inside and outside their schools. In some cases schools established co-operat ive contact with fac- tories and farms. Great success has been achieved in this p rogramme as an impor tant step towards l inking theory and practice and as a challenge to the "tradit ion," handed down from the old style intellectuals, of looking down on labour.

Why Schools Build Factories

In May and J u n e a new stage opened up in this pro- gramme. A movement s tar ted for colleges and schools to build factories and fa rms themselves.

On a visit to a Chinese school these days you will see some students going with books to the classrooms and others carrying tools to their factory or workshop. Most school grounds are dotted with i ron-smelt ing and steel- making furnaces. The fo rmer silence of a school is broken by the hum of machines. With their own factories and workshops, schools can make long- te rm a r rangements to combine education with productive labour, enabling stu- dents and teachers to take par t in the la t ter i n donjunc- tion with their special fields of study. They can train students in the required knowledge and abilities needed to handle practical production problems and in general raise the quality of education. Factories wi th up- to-date equipment, attached to universities and colleges, offer facilities for research in advanced branches of science by both students and teachers.

Most impor tant of all, this helps create a new type of in te l l ec tua l s - - the working-class in te l l ec tua l s - - and

promotes the ideological t ransformat ion of the vast num- bers of students and teachers.

So far, 21,122 universities, colleges and secondary schools in 20 provinces and cities have built 151,608 fac- tories and workshops (7,240 in universities and colleges; 21,504 in secondary technical schools; 122,864 in middle schools). They have also set up over 10,000 fa rms em- bracing 2.5 million m u of land. In school factories, 36,600 machines of various types, and 1.93 million tons of chemical fertilizers had been produced up to September 1958.

The factories range f rom large machine works, which can turn out 2,000 machine-tools a year, to small processing units. Some are extensions of laboratories or existing factories. But most s tar ted f rom s c r a t c h - - s e t up with funds earned by students in the "work-whi le-you-s tudy" programme. Those which serve local industrial needs, however, were also par t ly financed by the local authorities.

Factory buildings were erected with wha tever ma- terials were available. Production was started by using native and modern methods at the same time. Help was sought f rom experienced workers wherever necessary.

Abundant Fruits

S u c h efforts, though star ted only recently, have yield- ed splendid results.

Here are some of t he most notable achievements. An eight-seater passenger aeroplane was made by 1,400 stu- dents and teachers of the Peking Inst i tute of Aeronautical Engineering. With a flying distance of 1,072 kilometres, an alt i tude of 4,800 metres and a cruising speed of 300 ki lometres per hour, it is suitable for short-distance and al l -weather flying. A small research reactor has been built by Nankai Univers i ty in Tientsin. Three p rogramme- controlled machine-tools have been produced by Tsinghua Universi ty and a super-high strength alloy steel has been turned out by the Peking Inst i tute of Iron and Steel Technology. A universal digital computor has been made by the Northeast Inst i tute of Engineering and an elec- tronic brain by the Harbin Univers i ty of Engineering.

Secondary school students have made their contri- butions too. A passenger plane and a glider were built by the Shenyang Aeronautical Engineering S c h o o l - - a secondary technical s c h o o l - and a semi-conductor auto- matic buoy switch was produced by a middle school in Tientsin, etc.

These are all fruits of the Communis t Par ty 's policy of combining education with productive labour. They could not even have been dreamed of by the old genera-

14

tion of students whose education was ut ter ly isolated f rom practice and pro- duction. The young students of China today, their minds emancipated f rom the t rammels of conventions and the "recognized" authorities, are working with courage, perseverance and rev- olutionary energy. Their achievements are a story of difficulties overcome by reliance on Par ty leadership and the "mass line."

I51,608

Invent ion and Research

In one instance, young teachers and students of the Northeast Inst i tute of Engineering proposed that coal be used instead of coal gas as fuel in open hear th steel- making. They came up against the opposition of bourgeois specialists who argued that this had never been tried and was bound to fail. But the Pa r ty organization of the school supported the proposal and organized people to s tar t the exper iment and provide facilities in data and equip- ment. Though the first a t tempts failed, the Par ty organi- zation encouraged the students to go ahead and organized special groups to s tudy the problems involved. The result was that good-quali ty steel was turned out by the new method, which shortens smelt ing t ime by half and makes no small contribution to the country 's iron and steel industry.

Scientific research in Chinese universit ies and colleges today demonstrates m a n y examples of the frui tful results of combining education with product ive labour. Gradua- tion theses presented by student-designers in 1958 were mostly related to various projects in nat ional economic c o n s t r u c t i o n - - a radical change f rom the past practice of selecting and working on hypothet ical subjects, and using ready-made specifications f rom the textbooks. This year ' s graduates f rom the Depar tment of Water Conservancy Engineering at Tsinghua Universi ty undertook the design- ing of the Miyun Reservoir and other med ium and small reservoirs in the suburbs of Peking. These involve alto- gether 40 million cubic metres of ear thwork, and are capable of irr igating 6 million m u of land. The designs, which would normal ly have taken two or three years to prepare, were done in four months, and the Miyun Res- ervoir is now under construction.

The students and teachers of Tsinghua Universi ty made an important technical innovation in rai lway-bui lding by initiating the use of nodular cast iron for rails. Such rails, laid in the Shihchingshan Iron and Steel Plant, stood heavy wear wi thout damage. The State Technical Com- mission and the Ministry of Railways, at a recent con- ference, decided that rails of nodular cast iron should be widely used for light ra i lways and for some heavy-du ty ones.

Students and teachers of many universities and col- leges are now pooling their efforts to tackle the compli- cated scientific and technical problems involved in the building of the huge Yangtse River Gorge water conserv- ancy and power generation project. They are responsible for 48 out of the 212 items of scientific research involved, and are co-operating with other depar tments in 96 others.

FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS ARE RUN BY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

~ , r e run by

are run by

are run by

univers;t;es and colleges

secondary technical schools

rn;ddle schools

A "scientific bat tal ion" organized by 400 students and teachers of the Depar tment of Water Conservancy Engineering, Tsinghua University, is now throwing all its energies into this project.

Students of schools of various grades throughout the country have plunged into the nat ionwide batt le to pro- duce 10.7 million tons of steel in 1958. They have built 72,000 furnaces to smelt iron and 14,400 to make steel. It is estimatecl that by the end o f - the year, these will turn out 1.31 million tons of iron and 275,000 tons of steel.

A middle school in Yangcheng County, Shansi Prov- ince, set up a daily record of 115 tons of steel. An in- tegrated iron and steel works with an annual capacity of 100,000 tons of s tee l is being built by the Peking In- stitute of Iron and Steel Technology.

By September, 6,000 students and teachers f rom 13 metallurgical engineering colleges and secondary technical schools had gone to various par ts of the country to help build local iron and steel industries.

Teaching - - N e w Sty le

The policy of combining education with productive labour has pushed forward the re form of teaching - - a process in which teaching is combined with production and scientific research work. Students and teachers go together to the industrial and mining areas and the coun- tryside. There tt~ey take par t in manual work while, at the same time, teaching methods are reformed.

The need for smashing the age-old tradition that shrinks the horizon of education to the four walls of the school, and that regards textbooks and lectures as the only media of impar t ing knowledge, has been proved by the experience of the Kunming Inst i tute of Engineering. This school sent its third and four th year students (spe- cializing in mining, ore-dressing and refining) to do actual work in a tin mine. The idea was to merge teaching with production: the students did the jobs of workers, while the teachers were responsible for the technical side of the mine. The result af ter six months was far bet ter progress than would be the case otherwise; 93 per cent of the students did well in the examination, and there was not a single failure.

The reasons for this success are not far to seek. The mine is an integrated enterprise; its activities include geo-

15

logical prospecting, mining, ore-dressing and refining, and its technology is modern. Therefore it is a far better place than any classroom for students to obtain the widest of knowledge of the theory, as well as practice, of de- signing, production and new techniques. The students encounter problems and solve them with the on-the-spot help of their teachers, who also act as engineers. This naturally raises the quality of schooling.

Furthermore, the students work together with the miners and learn from them, which is an effective way of cultivating working-class consciousness.

The experience of the Faculty of Philosophy, Peking University, also illustrates the good results from combin- ing teaching with production, research and ideological re- moulding. Three hundred of its students and teachers moved, in August this year, to a people's commune in Peking's suburbs. They worked together with the peas- ants at deep ploughing and harvest. Mornings were spent in the field; afternoons in study in the form of summing up work, listening to reports, and discussion. Teaching was co-ordinated with the current political campaigns in the rural areas. When, for instance, the commune in- troduced the supply system and launched mass commu- nist education, the question of the proportions of ac- cumulation and consumption in people's communes and of the organization of rural labour power were taken as study-subjects.

The students have become close friends of the local peasants. By direct participation in rural work and on- the-spot observation, they have acquired a deeper under- standing of rural problems than they could ever get in their classes alone.

A third-year student, before he left for the country- side, could think of no way in which going to the country- side would improve his grasp of theory. But once there, he found he had to study deeply before he could answer many of the questions asked by the peasants. This opened his eyes. "Now I can understand the superiority of the people's communes in a more practical way," he said. "If I hadn' t come I would have picked up some abstract phrases somewhere and memorized them, then taken it for granted that I understood the whole thing• The pres- ent way is the only one of learning genuine, living Marxism. That can never be done in school."

Productive labour now forms an important part of the teaching programmes of most Chinese schools. In some, the part- t ime-work and part- t ime-study system has been introduced. Tsinghua University students, for in- stance, spend one-third of each term in productive labour. The academic year is divided into three terms. Each depart- ment divides its time between teaching and work in accordance With its specialization. Students attend classes in workshops and factories. Lecturers, b e s i d e s t h e uni- versity instructors, include workers and government func- tionaries at the lower administrative levels. Teachers and students learn from each other.

The policy of combining education with productive labour is an effective way of training new, communist peo- ple developed in every r e spec t - -mora l ly , intellectually and physically. It paves the way towards eliminating the difference between manual ~nd mental labour.

16

NOW PRODUCED IN CHINA

Aeroplanes Jet Trainer

China's first jet trainer has passed its test flight success- fully. It has a cruising speed of o v e r 1,000 kflometres an hour, excellent manoeuvrability and can climb to a height of more than 14,000 metres.

The "Capital 1" Civil Aeroplane Also produced in Peking, the "Capital 1" is a small

twin-engine civil plane with a speed of 150-190 kilometres per hour. It carries 8 passengers and may be used in agriculture for seeding or fighting locusts. It is light, simply constructed and can land on a strip no longer than a soccer field. Because of its versatility, it can be used to good advantage by the people's communes.

"Flying Dragon 1" The "Flying Dragon 1," a small twin-float monoplane pro-

duced by workers of the Flying Dragon Machine Works in Shanghai, is the first seaplane designed and made in this country. It can carry four people including the pilot. It is particularly suitable for south China where rivers and lakes abound. Many orders for this plane have already been placed and it will be produced in quantity next year.

Two other light civil planes made by teachers and students of the Shenyang Aeronautical Engineering Schoolu a secondary technical school--and workers of the Harbin Machine Works respectively have also made their debut recently.

Report from Lushun-Talien

Everybody Produces Electricity

Plain folk from all walks of life are taking a hand in producing "home-made" power to help the industrial big leap forward. The target is 130,000 kw. by the end of the year.

p EOPLE walking along the streets of the northeastern Seaport of Lushun-Talien (Port Arthur-Dairen), may

wonder why there are so many windmills atop the build- ings. The reason is electric power. The windmills turn small-capacity generators for the use of schools, govern- ment offices and stores.

The city's factories too have their ways of producing "home-made" power. Their workers collect and repair old diesel, steam and internal combustion engines, and make generating equipment to supply part, in some cases most, of the electricity they need.

The city waterworks is building small hydro-electric stations. Chemical plants are making use of their waste water to run such stations, too. Even the tides of the sea are used to move turbines.

These varied methods effectively solved, within two months, a problem that had arisen this year. As a result of the big leap in industry and other fields, the demand for power supply in Lushun-Talien area had risen sharply. Besides adopting a series of technical measures, the city called on its entire population to generate power by all available means, irrespective of capacity. The people re- sponded by producing power by both modern and native methods. The native way is characterized by simule tecb- niques, inexpensive equipment, immediate operation and a wide choice of sources of motive power.

Rapid Rise in Capacity

At the beginning of the mass campaign, in early September, the combined cauacity of pouularly-built generators s~ood at 4,700 kw. By September 20, the figure was 7,700 kw.; by the end of the month 10,400 kw. The big jump came in October, when the campaign spread far and wide. By the end of that month, capacity reached 34,000 kw. and additional generators, under construction, had a total capacity of over 36,000 kw.

In two months, the Lushun-Talien people found more than 20 ways of getting power. Steams used for heating, gas, methane, and motors taken from old vehicles or boats were all mobilized.

A number of institutions have become self-sufficient in power supply. Many schools, government offices and 8tore~ are lit with electricity generated by their own equip~

ment. Some heavy industrial plants such as the Talien No. 1 Engineering Works and the Talien Electric Motor Works are virtually self-sufficient in power. After setting up its own generating equipment, the College of Marine Navigation has found itself with a surplus of power, part of which it transmits to a gunny sack factory. The Gen- eral Oil and Fats Mill has been giving power to the city network for some time.

"Mystery" Dispelled

Before the campaign, electricity was a "mystery" to many people. This mystery was soon dispelled when plain folk from all walks of l i f e - - s tuden t s , housewives, typists, firemen, retired w o r k e r s - - b e g a n to produce it themselves. The publicity given to their deeds encouraged the hesitant. A night fair was held to exchange technical experience in power production. It proved to be very helpful in spreading technical knowledge and promoting the cam- paign.

The leading personnel of all the enterprises in Lushun- Talien give constant attention and support to the mass drive. At the Talien Textile Mill, a deputy-secretary of the Par ty committee and a vice-director of the factory led the way in building a hydro-power station using the sea, tides. On the day set for installing the turbines there was a wind storm. But these two leaders were the first to step into the sea water and work there till the job was done.

Of the power-generating methods that have. sprung up, three are particularly worthy of development. The adoption of native-type boilers, turbines and generators is recommended because they use less in the way of steel plates and silicon steel sheets. The use o f sea water and sea tides to turn generators has a big future in this maritime port. It seems a good device to produce elec- tricity by burning ga~. A small furnace handling some 10 tons of coal daily, which can be built in a week, can produce coal tar, coke and enough gas to operate a 150- kw. generator.

Sixty-odd days of efforts by the people in Lushun- Talien have given the city confidence that it can raise power output in a big way. The production of 1.500 kw. generating equipment for local use has been accelerated. The target for ' ,popular generation" of electricity has been raised from 40,000 kw. to 130,000 kw. by the end of this year.

Fulfilment .of these goals will not only help the city's industrial expansion in the current year, but will pave the way for a bigger forward leap in its industries in the coming year,

17

C H I N A AND THE

WORLD

P r e m i e r K I m ! ! S u n g i n P e k i n g

Peking was in festive mood on Novem- ber 22 when Premier Kim I1 Sung and the Korean Government Delegation he

leads arrived on a state visit. Three hundred thousand people turned out to give their Korean guests a rousing welcome.

At the flag bedecked railway station were Premier Chou En-lai, leading gov- ernment officials, and representatives of popular organizations. Among them were Kim I1 Sung's old comrades of the days. when he fought in northeast China in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, ex-Volunteers who had fought in Korea against the U.S. impe- rialists and workers who had been in Korea to help in post-war reconstruction.

As Premier Kim I1 Sung, accompanied by Premier Chou En-lai, drove at the head of the motorcade from the station to the government guest house, he was greeted and showered with confetti by people who lined both sides of the streets and crowded windows and balconies, cheering and singing.

In his speech of welcome, Premier Chou

En-lat declared: "We are not only com- rades-in-arms in our struggle agai.nst imperialist aggression; we are also brothers in the work of peaceful construc- tion, helping and learning from each other." He expressed the confidence that through the visit of the Korean Govern- ment Delegation "friendship and co- operation between our two countries will grow even greater."

In his reply, Premier Kim II Sung. declared that "the friendship and unity of the Korean and Chinese peoples will make an ever greater contribution to the pros- pe r i ty -and progress of both countries and to lasting peace in the Far East and throughout the world. The Korean peo- ple will treasure their friendship with the Chinese people and will do their utmost to strengthen and develop that friend- ship." The Korean Premier tha.nked the Chinese people for their noble aid to the Korean people in their war of liberation and in post-war reconstruction. He de-

clared that "the traditional friendship between the peoples of the two countries, tested and tempered in the arduous rev- olutionary struggle against foreign impe- rialism, has grown still stronger and has entered a new and higher stage."

All leading papers in Peking published editorials of welcome and took the occa- sion to underline the solidarity of China and Korea in the common struggle against imperialist aggression and for socialist construction.

Members of the Korean Government Delegation are Pak Jung Ai, Vice-Chair- man of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party; Nam I1, Vice- Premier and Minister of Foreign Affairs; Kim Kwang Hyup, Minister of National Defence; Li I1 Kiung, Minister of Educa- tion and Culture and Li Young Ho, Am- bassador to China.

The Korean Military Delegation headed by Minister of National Defence Kim Kwang Hyup arrived on the same day.

C h i n a B a c k s G . D . R . P r o p o s a l s

The Chinese Government and people give their full backing to the proposals made by the Government of the German Democratic Republic in its efforts to ob- tain a peaceful sett lement of the German question and to ease tension in Europe. This statement was made by Vice-Premier Ndieh Jung-chen on November 15 to the ADN correspondent in Peking, Erich

Henschke.

At the same interview, Vice-Premier Nieh also expressed the enthusiastic sup- port of the Chinese Government and peo- ple for Chairman N. S. Khrushchov's pro- posals on the ending of Berlin's occupa- tion status and evacuation of foreign troops from that city.

Gif t f r o m S o v i e t C o m m u n i s t P a r t y

A documentary film on the life of V. I. Lenin was presented to the Central Com- mittee of the Chinese Communist Par ty by the Central Committee of the Com- munist Party of the Soviet Union at a ceremony in Peking on November 14.

Accepting the gift, Chen Yi, Member of the Political Bureau of the Central Com- mittee of the Chinese Communist Par ty and Vice-Premier, declared: "The road of the October Revolution, pioneered by the great Lenin, is the road of the Chi- nese peoplo. Other peoples too through- out the world will advance along that road just as the Chinese people are today." He noted that "the living image of the great Lenin, his revolutionary spirit and

style of work, vividly portrayed in this film, are a profound education and inspiration to us."

Presenting the gift, P. F. Yudin, Mem- ber of the Central Committee of the Com- munist Par ty of the Soviet Union and Soviet Ambassador to China, said that he was sure that the Chinese workers, peas- ants, intellectuals, members of the Com- munist Party, and all the people would have an even deeper love for Lenin after seeing this film. "May this film help fur- ther to consolidate the unity between our two Parties and develop the friendship be- tween the peoples of our two countries," he added.

A i d t o M o n g o l i a

In Ulan-Bator, four projects--a gymna- sium, a stadium, a large vegetable farm and a four-storeyed apartment h o u s e - - built by China were handed over without compensation to the Government of the Mongolian People's Republic. These are part of the several projects built under the 1956 Sino-Mongolian agreement on Chinese economic and technical aid to help socialist construction in Mongolia.

For their contribution in the construc- tion of these projects, the Presidium of the Great People's Hural and the Coun- cil of Ministers of Mongolia awarded orders, medals and diplomas to 116 Chinese workers.

An Ulan-Bator-Peking air service has been inaugurated by the Mongolian Ad- ministrat ive Bureau of Air Communica- tions following the start of the Peking- Ulan-Bator service by the Civil Aviation Administration of China.

Planes will leave Ulan-Bator for Pek ing on the 1st, l l t h and 21st of each month and from Peking for Ulan-Bator on the 2nd, 12th and 22nd.

S l n o - B n l g a r i n n P r o t o c o l

According to a protocol signed in Peking at the third session of the Joint Committee for Sino-Bulgarian Scientific ard Technical Co-operation, China will provide Bulgaria in the coming y e a r with technical data on the processing of food- stuffs, public hygiene, medicines, water conservancy and irrigation, metallurgy and coal-mining equipment, and tree seeds. Bulgaria will furnish China with technical data on hydrological and meteor- ological instruments, and tree seeds. As part of its tech,nicaI aid, Bulgaria will also send experts in food industry to work in China.

18

P r e m i e r S e k o n T o a r e ' s M e s s a g e M. Sekou Toure, Pr ime Minister of the

newly-founded Republic of Guinea in West Africa, has sent a message to Chair- man Mao Tse-tung expressing the wish to establish diplomatic relations between Guinea and Chi,na. He also thanked the Chinese Government for its recognition of the Republic of Guinea.

A l g e r i a n D e l e g a t i o n t o C h i n a The Provisional Government of the Al-

gerian Republic has accepted the invita- tion of the Chinese Government to send a delegation to visit China. Youssef Ben Khedda, Minister o t Social Affairs, Mah- moud Sherif, Minister of Armaments and Supplies, and Information Director Saad Dahlab, who comprise the delegation, will leave Cairo shortly for Peking.

G r e e t i n g s to M o r o e e o On November 17, Chairman Mao Tse-

tung and Premier Chou En-lai sent greet- i~gs to His Majesty King Mohammed V and Moroccan Prime Minister Balafrej on the occasion of the 29th anniversary of the King's coronation and anniversary of Morocco's national independence. Pre- mier Chou's message to the Moroccan Prime Minister reads in part: "We are confident that the relations of friendly co-operation and the traditional friendship between China and Morocco will see a new development with the establishment of diplomatic relations between our two countries. We wish the people of Morocco further success in the cause of defending the sovereignty of their country and i.n national construction."

O n Y e m e n ' s N a t i o n a l D a y On November 13, Chairman Mao Tse-

tung and Premier Chou En-lai sent messages of greetings to His Majesty the King of Yemen and His Highness the Crown Prince on the occasion of Yemen's national day.

Two days earlier, the leader and some members of the Chinese Economic Dele- gation arrived in Tai'zz, capital of Yemen. The 30-member delegation, composed of experts in highway construction, spinning and weaving factory construction, etc. is visiting the Yemen in accordance with the Sino-Yemeni Agreement for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Co-operatio,n signed in January this year.

V i s i t o r s The Erich-Weinert Art Troupe of the

National People's Army of the G.D.R. The Afghan cultural delegation headed

by Doctor Ahmed All Kohzad. Mufti Hassan Maamoun of the Egyp-

tian Region of the U.A.R. The Argentine medical delegation led

by Professor Oscar Cames.

FORI=IGN TI' DI= NOTES

*Sine-Korean Trade Protocol The 1959 trade protocol on exchange

of goods between China and the Demo- cratic People's Republic of Korea was signed in Peking on November 19.

Under the terms of this protocol, China will supply Korea with coal, rolled steel, manganese iron, cotton, cotton yarn, gypsum, sulphur, tyres, chemical reagents, sugar and various kinds of machinery and machine-tools. Korea will supply Chi,na with iron ore, copper, zinc, high-speed and carbon-tool steel, ferro-silicon, ferti- lizers, rice seed, ginseng, and marine products.

The present protocol follows the con- clusion in September this year of the Sino-Korean long-term economic agree- ment, which marks a new stage in economic co-operation between the two countries by providing for a steady in- crease in trade and greater co-ordination in the two countries' long-term economic planning during the period 1959-1962.

Trade and economic relations between China and Korea have greatly increased in recent years. The volume of trade between them this year is expected to be 50 per cent larger than that in 1957 and 11 times what it was in 1954. Direct, regional trade between districts on their common border has also grown rapidly, stimulating the growth of local industry.

To meet the growing needs of economic construction, the Chinese and Korean Governments recently decided to build jointly the 600,000-kw. Unbong Hydro- electric Power Station on the Yalu River. Under the terms of an agreement signed in September this year, China extends a long-term loan to Korea to cover the cost of work for this project undertaken by Korea. Another agreement gave Korea a Chinese loan for the purchase of equipment for construction of a textile mill and two cement paper bag plants.

With both countries in the midst of a big advance in economic construction, there have been many other notable ex- amples of mutual assistance i,n the past year. To help China double her steel production, Korea supplied China this year with 400,000 tons of iron ore, more than double her shipments in 1957. She also increased shipments of explosives needed in China for mining purposes.

The two countries have also developed closer scientific and technical co-opera- tion. Since 1954, Chinese specialists and technicians have worked i,n the Korean ship-building, cement, enamelware, ear thenware and silk industries to pass on their own experiences and learn from their Korean colleagues. At the s a m e

time, large ,numbers of Korean students have come to China for technical train- ing. Many have already completed their studies and returned to work in Korea.

• N e w Tussah Silk and P o n g a a s

New methods of processing are ex- pected to make Chinese tussah silk and pongees a still more attractive buy on the international textile market.

Tussah silk, long a noted Chinese ex- port product, has many unique qualities not possessed by other fabrics. It has high tensile strength, absorbs moisture as readily as it permits it to evaporate, stands up well (much better than ordinary silk) to heavy washing, heat, acids and alkalis. It has low conductivity to heat and electricity. These properties corn tribute to make it good not only for weaving dress-making fabrics, but also for industrial u ses - - insu la t ing material, cable silk, tyre cords, fishing nets, etc.

Tussah silk and pongees formerly had some defects as dress fabrics. They developed water stain, turned yellowish and felty and easily creased. New methods of processing developed by Chi- nese specialists have overcome these de- fects. These improvements should make them even more popular especially where good-looking, light, lasting and ecanomie fabrics are needed.

Chinese tussah silk makes up four- fifths of the world's total output. It is reeled from cocoons of wild silkworms reared in the open and fed on the leaves of the oak trees found in large numbers along the hill slopes of Honan, Shantung, Liaoning and other provinces. After liberation the People's Government gave special assistance to the industry for ex- pansion, research and d e v e l o p m e n t - - a n d the result is the better product of today.

Honan tussah, hand-loom or hand woven, has that characteristic "rough" look that distinguishes it from machine- made, calendered silks. Modern pro- cessing preserves all its best qualities and enhances its natural lustre. With better, faster dyes being used and better designs in white and 40 other colours, it is altogether a distinguished looking product. Antung pongee has a fine, tight weave with a non-shine surface.

Chinese tussah silk and pongees are bei.ng exported to scores of countries in Europe, Southeast Asia and Africa, i.n- cluding Switzerland, West Germany, France, Sweden, and Norway. Exports are handled by the China National Silk Corporation, Tientsin Branch, 38 Yen Tat Road, Tientsin.

19

CHINESE PRESS OPINION The Soviet Seven. Year Plan

l~er~rnin R~bao (Nov. 16) gree ts t he pub l i ca t ion of t he ou t l i ne ot the n e w Sovie t S e v e n - Y e a r P l a n as a p lan for a big s t r ide f o r w a r d by the Sovie t people t owards c o m m u n i s m , a nd a joy a n d in - sp i r a t ion to the Ch inese people. I t s ed i to r ia l no tes t h a t t he p l a n is a n in- t egra l p a r t of the S o v m t f i£ teen-year economic p r o g r a m m e for t he bu i ld ing of c o m m u n i s m . I t recal ls C o m r a d e N. S. K h r u s h c h o v ' s s t a t e m e n t on t he 40th a n n i v e r s a r y of the Oc tobe r R e v o l u t i o n t h a t a n n u a l Sovie t i n d u s t r i a l o u t p u t would r e a c h a level in 15 yea r s e q u a l to or even a h e a d of the p r e s e n t U.S. level . " J u d g i n g by the f igures of the S e v e n - Year P lan , " it adds, " th i s pe r iod wi l l be s h o r t e n e d cons ide r ab ly bo th for abso lu te ou tpu t a n d pe r cap i t a ou tpu t . "

"Hi s to ry has d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a t as a r e su l t o£ the u n c h a l l e n g e d s u p r e m a c y w h i c h they en joy in t h e r a t e of deve lop - m e n t of p roduc t ion , t he socia l is t coun t r i e s will i n e v i t a b l y ca tch up w i t h a n d t h e n su rpass t h e cap i ta l i s t coun t r i e s in botl] abso lu te and pe r cap i t a output . Th i s is a l a w of ob jec t ive d e v e l o p m e n t w h i c h does n o t d e p e n d on t h e wi l l of the cap i - ta l i s t countr ies .

" I n the pas t 41 years , the Sovie t Un ion has suf fered f r o m w a r s a n d d e s t r uc t i on ; i t could devo te on ly ha l f of th is t i m e o r a l i t t l e m o r e to t he peacefu l w o r k of p roduc t ion . N e v e r t h e - less, i t h a s o v e r t a k e n all the m a j o r cap i t a l i s t coun t r i es o t h e r t h a n t he Un i t ed S ta te s in abso lu t e i n d u s t r i a l output . Fu l f i lmen t of the S e v e n - Y e a r P l a n wil l l eave a l l of them, B r i t a i n a n d West G e r m a n y included, b e h i n d t h e Sovie t Un ion m pe r cap i t a ou tpu t . "

T h e Sovie t S e v e n - Y e a r P l a n shows, says t h e edi tor ia l , t h a t t he t ime is n o w a p p r o a c h i n g w h e n in peacefu l compe t i - t ion t he c a m p of soc ia l i sm h e a d e d by t h e Sovie t Un ion wi l l bea t t he c a m p of capi - t a l i sm h e a d e d by t he U n i t e d Sta tes .

" T h e g rea t Sovie t people ," i t concludes , " u n d e r t h e b r i l l i a n t l e a d e r s h i p of t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y of the Sov ie t Union , will c a r ry t h e i r d i scuss ion of the S e v e n - Year P l a n to success a n d t r i u m p h a n t l y pu t t h e p l a n in to opera t ion , t h e r e b y p re - p a r i n g a n e v e n m o r e solid m a t e r i a l f o u n d a t i o n for c o m m u n i s t socie ty in t h e i r co u n t r y a n d c o n t r i b u t i n g t r e m e n d o u s l y to the g r o w t h of t he w o r l d socia l i s t sys tem."

T h e ,new Sovie t p l a n s t r e n g t h e n s t he conf idence of t he people t h r o u g h o u t t h e wor ld in t he v ic to ry of w o r l d p e a c e a n d the p rogress ive cause of m a n k i n d , wr i t e s G u a n g m i n g Ribao ed i to r ia l ly on the s a m e

day. " I t is a f u r t h e r con f i rma t ion of C h a i r m a n Mao T s e - t u n g ' s words t h a t c o m m u n i s m 'is sweep ing the wor ld w i t h t he m o m e n t u m of a l a n d - s l i d e a n d the p o w e r of a t h u n d e r b o l t . ' "

Da Gong Bao wr i t e s t h a t t he C h i n e s e people a r e conf iden t t h a t the Sovie t peo- ple wi l l success fu l ly fulfi l th is g r ea t t a sk for w h i c h t he supe r io r i t y of the socia l is t s y s t e m p r o v i d e s t h e s t ronges t g u a r a n t e e . Peop le t h r o u g h o u t the wor ld s t r u g g l i n g for peace, d e m o c r a c y and pro- gress re jo ice ove r t he S e v e n - Y e a r P l a n of t he Sov ie t Union , wh i l e t he i m p e r i a l - ists t r e m b l e be fo re t h e a d v a n c e and

e

g r o w t h of t he socia l is t camp.

SoIving [the German Question T h e p roposa l m a d e on N o v e m b e r 10 by

N. S. K h r u s h c h o v on e n d i n g t he occupa- t ion of B e r l i n a n d w i t h d r a w i n g fo re ign t roops f r o m t h a t c i ty " h a s g iven a g r e a t i m p e t u s to t h e s t r u g g l e for a peace fu l so lu t ion of t h e G e r m a n ques t i on a n d the r e l a x a t i o n of E u r o p e a n t ens ion , " wr i t e s R e n m i n Ribao ed i to r i a l ly on N o v e m b e r 15.

For m o r e t h a n t en years , Wes t Ber l in , u n d e r U.S., B r i t i s h and F r e n c h impe r i a l - i s t occupa t ion , has been used as a sabo- tage c e n t r e aga in s t economic ac t iv i t i es in the G e r m a n Democra t i c Republ ic , a n d to c a r r y out po l i t i ca l p r o v o c a t i o n s a g a i n s t t he G.D.R. " E n d i n g t he occupa t ion of

Be r l i n a n d w i t h d r a w i n g fore ign t roops f r o m t h a t ci ty," R e n m i n Ribao says, "would m e a n the end of Wes t Ber - l in as a c e n t r e of t he cold w a r a n d e sp ionage and a source of tension. Moreover , t he w i t h d r a w a l of fore ign t roops f r o m B e r l i n wou ld be a good s t a r t for t he w i t h d r a w a l of fore ign troops f r o m G e r m a n y as a whole . The unifica- t ion of Be r l i n wou ld e n h a n c e peaceful m u t u a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g b e t w e e n the peo- ple in bo th p a r t s of G e r m a n y a n d in- c rease t he poss ib i l i ty of the G e r m a n people t h e m s e l v e s so lv ing the p rob lem of un i fy ing t h e i r coun t ry . "

Discuss ing t h e w i d e r aspec t s of the so lu t ion of the G e r m a n ques t ion , the ed i to r ia l no tes the p a r t i c u l a r s igni f icance of the S e p t e m b e r 5, 1958 p r o p o s a l of the G.D.R. on p r e p a r a t i o n s fo r conc lus ion of a G e r m a n peace t rea ty . " T h e conc lus ion of a peace t r e a t y would comple te ly r e s to re t he s o v e r e i g n t y of the G e r m a n na t ion , l ead to the w i t h d r a w a l of fo re ign t roops f r o m t h a t c o u n t r y and g u a r a n t e e the speed ing up of t he un i f i ca t ion of G e r m a n y by t he G e r m a n peop le w i t h o u t ou t s ide i n t e r f e r e n c e . " T h e a t t e m p t s of the U.S., Br i t a in , F r a n c e a n d West G e r m a n y to e n a b l e t he Wes t G e r m a n r e g i m e to a n n e x t he G.D.R. u n d e r the guise of " f r ee e l ec t ions" of cou r se canno t solve the G e r m a n ques t ion , the edi tor ia l r e m a r k s .

" T h e C h i n e s e people," R e n m i n Ribao concludes , " w a r m l y suppo r t t he G.D.R. p roposa l for t he conc lus ion of a G e r m a n peace t r e a t y a n d t h e Sovie t G o v e r n m e n t ' s p roposa l to end t h e occupa t ion of Ber l in a n d w i t h d r a w fore ign t roops f r o m tha t ci ty."

THE PASSING SHOW

Kishi Goes Nautical Y o m i u r i S h i m b u n reports tha t an association for the preserva t ion of the warship

Mikasa has been formed in Japan. Half of its 200-million-yen budget for work and main tenance will be provided by the KJshi government .

The Mikasa was flagship of the Japanese navy which defeated the tsarist Russian fleet dur ing the Russo-Japanese War. Later it was preserved at Yoku- sake as a relic of imperial is t Japanese naval might. After World War II, it was turned into a floating dance hall and aquarium. Most Japanese had forgotten the very exis tence of this ship unt i l the Kishi government put up public money for this new jingo organizat ion dedicated to the dubious proposition of rousing the mar t ia l spirit of its navy by resusci ta t ing an old hulk.

Toughening the Tender Mind The post-war guidance programme for

Japanese teachers advised them to "guide s tudents to consider the causes of the war and teach them about the miseries caused by war." The Kishi government ' s new guidance programme studiously deletes such sound advice. On the contrary, it is recommended that Japan ' s invasion of China be referred to euphemist ical ly as " Japan ' s advance on the cont inent ." Mart ial songs are recommended for first to third graders. Eight-year-olds can sing The M a r c h o~ the Lead Soldiers.

"Now we'll have a Kishl arithmetic lesson."

20

ART EDUCATION

P c ~ a s a n t A r t A e a d e m l i e s

Hoary and s eeming ly h a l l o w e d concep ts of academic t r a i n i n g in the a r t s a r e coming up for a t h o r o u g h r e v i e w these days. R e v o l u t i o n a r y n e w m e t h o d s of a r t educa t ion a re be ing t r i ed out. T h e r e is an i m a g i n a t i v e s e a r c h go ing on for n e w types of a r t o rgan iza t io~ b e t t e r a d a p t e d to the new society t h a t is g r o w i n g up.

L i b e r a t i o n t h r e w open t he doors of the a r t academies to the w o r k i n g people. More an d more sons and d a u g h t e r s of t h e w o r k - ers and peasan t s h a v e b e e n e n t e r i n g the a r t schools. B u t t he in f luence of capi ta l i s t ideas of e d u c a t i o n r e m a i n e d qu i te s t rong, espec ia l ly in t h e arts . I t was a p r o b l e m of no smal l d i f f icul ty to apply in th i s field t h e p r inc ip l e s of t he social is t educa t iona l pol icy of t h e Chi - nese C o m m u n i s t P a r t y so t h a t ou r a r t i s t s , l ike o the r in te l lec tua ls , could be people w i th a n a lNround e d u c a t i o n a n d d e v e l - opment , l i nked closely w i t h t h e w o r k i n g people and ideological ly ident i f ied w i t h them.

T h e rect i f ica t ion c a m p a i g n a n d t he d e f e a t of the r igh t i s t s w h o w e r e t r y i n g to hold back t he a d v a n c e of soc ia l i sm opened the w a y for r ad ica l r e f o r m s to b r ing the a r t schools in to c loser t ouch wi th the a d v a n c e of the n e w society. These r e fo rms in the f irst p lace also seek to app ly the g e n e r a l p r inc ip le of l i~k ing s tudy w i t h p r o d u c t i v e work. I t is no th ing s t r a n g e t oday to see b u d d i n g composers m a k i n g s teel in a c o n s e r v a - tory ' s workshop . T h e S h a n g h a i D r a m a In s t i t u t e has m o v e d out bodi ly to the coun t rys ide and se t t led d o w n in a peo- ple 's c o m m u n e ; t eacher s and s t u d e n t s w o r k and l ive t oge the r w i t h the peasan t s . The S h a n g h a i C o n s e r v a t o r y of Music has m a d e it a ru le to s end its s t u d e n t s to engage in va r ious fo rms of p r o d u c t i v e l a b o u r for four m o n t h s in a year . A r t schools h a v e e x t e n d e d t he r e g u l a r p r ac - t ice of s end ing s t u d e n t p a i n t e r s a, nd g raph ic a r t i s t s ou t for p r ac t i c a l w o r k in f a r m s and factor ies .

Th i s forging of c loser l inks w i t h t h e people 's l i fe and ~ o r k f r o m t h e side of the r e g u l a r a r t schools a n d academies has a l r e ady h a d i m p o r t a n t r e su l t s in b r i n g - ing a c o m m u n i s t ou t look to t he schools. Bu t a s t r i k ing p h e n o m e n o n in a r t educa - t ion today in C h i n a is t h e w a y t h e p e a s a n t s a n d w o r k e r s a re t r a i n i n g t h e m - selves in t he ar ts . People ' s c o m m u n e s in the vi l lages a re se t t ing up the i r own a r t academies .

Ch ina ' s peasan t s h a v e p r e s e r v e d a sp lend id t r ad i t i on of p o p u l a r a r t t h r o u g h - out the t e r r i b l e yea r s of impe r i a l i s t a n d K u o m i n t a n g oppress ion. N e w C h i n a ha s

p rov ided t he cond i t ions for the u n p r e c e d - e n t e d f lour i sh ing of t h a t t r a d i t i o n on a socia l i s t basis. T h e g rea t l eap f o r w a r d w i t h i ts r ecord yields ha s p u t t he p e a s a n t s f i rmly on the road to p rosper i ty . T h e people ' s c o m m u n e s h a v e p rov ided t he social o r g a n i z a t i o n t h a t c an se rve as the bas i s of t he new people ' s cu l tu re . The pa s t y e a r ha s seen an u n e x a m p l e d u p s u r g e of c r e a t i v e ac t iv i ty a m o n g t h e p e a s a n t s in e v e r y field of endeavour-~-- p roduc t ion , science, technology, ar t . N e w poems and songs h a v e w r i t t e n a n e w a n d b r i l l i a n t page in t he t r a d i t i o n of p e a s a n t a r t , a n d t h e i r mus ic and dances a r e a m o n g the f ines t r e cen t l y produced . This is t he f ru i t of the g rea t c a m p a i g n for t h e p o p u l a r i z a t i o n of cu l t u r e t h a t is n o w going on. To conso l ida t e t he se ach ieve - m e n t s and to r a i s e the gene ra l s t a n d a r d a l r e a d y a t t a i n e d on t h e bas is of s t i l l w i d e r popu la r i za t ion , m o r e and m o r e people ' s c o m m u n e s a re s e t t i ng up a m a - t e u r a r t a cademies r u n by t he p e a s a n t s tl~emselves. T h e s e d i f fer f r o m the p e a s a n t a r t g roups a n d circles of t he pa s t in t h a t t hey can u n d e r t a k e long- t e rm, sys t ema t i c p lans to g ive t h e p e a s a n t s spec ia l t r a i n i n g in t he va r ious ar ts .

S h a n g c h i u County , H o n a n Prov ince , gives a good idea of th i s n e w deve lop - men t . Al l t h e t w e n t y - t w o people ' s com- m u n e s t h e r e h a v e se t u p such a r t academies . L ike o t h e r schools t he se days, t hey a r e based on a n i n t e g r a t i o n of m a n u a l l a b o u r a n d b r a i n w o r k a n d t he c o m b i n a t i o n of e d u c a t i o n w i t h p roduc - t i ve l abour .

The Qingnia.n H o n g z h u a n (Red and Spec ia l i s t You th ) A r t A c a d e m y set u p by the people ' s c o m m u n e of K u o t s u n T o w n s h i p in S h a n g c h i u is typ ica l of t he o r ig ins a n d m e t h o d s of t he se schools. Las t Augus t , w h e n t h e t w e l v e co l lec t ive f a r m s in t he t o w n s h i p a m a l g a m a t e d in to a s ingle people ' s commune , the p e a s a n t s w e r e w o r k i n g w i t h u n p r e c e d e n t e d en - t h u s i a s m a n d l iv ing a r i c h e r c o m m u n i t y life. T h e y voiced a d e m a n d for m o r e a n d b e t t e r c u l t u r a l act ivi t ies . Out of th i s c a m e the a r t a c a d e m y to t r a i n va r i ous k inds of a r t i s t s who in t u r n wi l l t ake c h a r g e of f u r t h e r popu l a r i z a t i on of t he a r t s a m o n g t he res t of the c o m m u n e m e m b e r s .

The a c a d e m y is a school, a c u l t u r a l t r o u p e and a p roduc t ion un i t a l l ro l led in to one. I t has n i n e t y - o n e s tuden t s , al l p r o m - i n e n t in c u l t u r a l ac t iv i t ies a n d se lec ted f r o m the va r ious p r o d u c t i o n un i t s in t he c o m m u n e . I t h a s b e e n g iven 150 mu of l and , 31 rooms, 7 d r a u g h t a n i m a l s and some f a r m i n g i m p l e m e n t s b y t h e com- mune . D u r i n g t he t h r e e yea r s t hey a t t e n d t he school, s t u d e n t s wi l l l ive, w o r k a n d s tudy toge ther . The a c a d e m y is, in effect, one of the p r o d u c t i o n t e a m s in t he commune , w i t h the d i f fe rence t h a t i ts

p e a s a n t s t u d e n t s specia l ize in the i r arts , a n d p a i n t p ic tures , posters , w r i t e songs, poems, ba l l ads or g ive pe r fo rmances , bes ides do ing a s h a r e of p r o d u c t i v e w o r k l ike the m e m b e r s of o t h e r teams.

T h e a c a d e m y has f ive d e p a r t m e n t s : d r a m a , quy~ (bal ladry) , music , danc ing a n d the fine arts . W h i l e specia l iz ing in one course, e ach s t u d e n t wil l devo te a c e r t a i n a m o u n t of t i m e to o t h e r courses. One of t h e i r s logans is: " M a s t e r a l l t he t e c h n i q u e s in p roduc t i on ; scale the he igh t s of a r t ! "

T h e t e a c h e r s a r e al l local peasan t s , w o r k i n g on t he p r inc ip l e t h a t w h o e v e r k n o w s s o m e t h i n g teaches those who don ' t . The s t u d e n t s s t u d y poli t ics , a t t e n d l i t e racy classes and t a k e lessons in f a rming , bes ides t h e i r r e g u l a r courses in t he arts. S o m e of the t e a c h e r s in t h e a c a d e m y a re v e t e r a n s in H o n a n o p e r a a n d in quyi (bal- ladry) . S o m e of t he se old fo lk a r t i s t s w e r e c rue l ly neg lec ted by t he old scoiety. M a n y w e r e h a r d l y ab l e to m a k e a l iving. Now they a r e in t h e i r e lement , do ing t h e i r be s t to r e v i v e and popu la r i ze these a r t s of the people.

In t he past , f a r too m a n y g r a d u a t e s of t h e o r t h o d o x a r t a c a d e m i e s f o u g h t shy of w o r k i n g and popu l a r i z i ng t he a r t s a m o n g t h e people. T h e y pa id f a r too l i t t l e a t - t e n t i o n to t h e a r t s of C h i n a w h i c h a re close to, a n d deep ly loved by, t h e people ; t hey w e r e t a k e n up too exc lus ive ly w i t h t he "b ig" a r t f o r m s - - s y m p h o n i e s , con- certos, f u l l - l eng th c lass ica l ope ra s or vas t c a n v a s e s - - wh i l e s l i gh t i ng t he fo rms of m o r e i m m e d i a t e c o n c e r n to t he people.

N o w , w i t h t h e school i m p l a n t e d a m o n g the people a n d w i t h t e ache r s who h a v e g r o w n up a m o n g t he people, t r a i n i n g can be bet- t e r a d j u s t e d to p o p u l a r needs.

The c o m m u n e a r t s t uden t s devo te ha l f of t h e i r w o r k i n g day to s tudy and ha l f

, i 4 ~ , ~

i ¸~i!! !i/ / ~ 3 i ~

i / ?i~ ̧ I:: i i

A s c e n e in m y v i l l a g e D r a w i n g b y Ch&ng Y u n , a m e m b e r oJ the East W | n d People ' s C o m m u n e , Hope|

21

to f a r m work. R e h e a r s a l s a n d p e r f o r m - ances t ake u p some of t h e i r evenings . By g r a d u a t i o n t i m e those spec ia l iz ing in d r a m a will be expec t ed to b e ab le to ac t wel l on t he s tage t h e m s e l v e s and also to d i rec t a product ion . Those spec ia l iz ing in mus ic wil l be a b l e to p lay a t l eas t two k inds of mus i ca l i n s t r u m e n t s . S i m i l a r s t a n d a r d s h a v e been set fo r t he o t h e r courses.

A r t academies l ike those in S h a n g c h i u Coun ty a re g rowing r ap id ly a l l o v e r t h e count ry . They wi l l e n a b l e mi l l ions of p e a s a n t s to deve lop t h e i r a r t i s t i c t a l e n t s an d he lp t r a i n a n e w type of m a ~ w h o is a w o r k e r w i t h h a n d a n d b r a i n - - a r ea l ly

c u l t u r e d c i t izen of C h i n a a d v a n c i n g to

c o m m u n i s m . - - C H E N M O

SPORTS

M a r a t h o n F o u r Ch inese l o n g - d i s t a n c e r u n n e r s

h a v e b r o k e n t h e bes t Olympic record for t h e M a r a t h o n . On N o v e m b e r 3, C h e n g Chao-hs in , a 22-year-old school t e ache r f r o m I n n e r Mongol ia , w o n Ch ina ' s Na-

t iona l M a r a t h o n C h a m p i o n s h i p , do ing the 42 kin. 195 m. in t he r ecord t ime of 2 hrs. 2l rains. 29 secs. Th i s be t t e r s by 1 min. 34.2 secs. t h e bes t Olympic t ime set by the r e d o u b t a b l e Z a t o p e k in 1952. C h a n g Yun- c h e n g of I n n e r Mongol ia , Li Tsun -yeh of Y u n n a n a n d Yu Y u n - t i n g of S h a n t u n g fo l lowed C h e n g closely in t h a t o rde r w i th t he f o u r t h m a n in c l ipp ing 15 secs. off Za topek ' s t ime.

Emi l Za topek , on a vis i t to China , was on t he spot h imse l f , t r a i l i ng the Chinese r u n n e r s a long t he course in a car. As C h e n g C h a o - h s i n b r e a s t e d t he tape, Zato- pek r u s h e d up and g a v e h i m a b e a r - h u g of congra tu la t ions .

WHAT'S ON IN PEKING Highlights of Current Entertainment, Exhibitions, etc.

P r o g r a m m e s are s u b j e c t to change . W h e r e t i m e s are no t l isted consu l t t hea t re or dai ly press.

P E K I N G O P E R A

• I M P E R I A L C O N C U B I N E T h e s t o r y of the Ching E m p e r o r K u a n g H s u ' s f a v o u r i t e con- cub ine Chen Fei, a s s a s s i n a t e d a t t he in- s t iga t ion of the E m p r e s s D o w a g e r Tse HsL P r o d u c e d by the P e k i n g O p e r a C o m p a n y of Pek ing .

Nov . 25, 7:00 p .m. J t Xiang T h e a t r e

• L I N TSF,-HSU A n e w h i s to r i ca l o p e r a a b o u t the pa t r io t i c V ice roy L in of K w a n g - t u n g a n d K w a n g s i P r o v i n c e s in the late Ching d y n a s t y , w h o d e s t r o y e d the o p i u m sh ipped to China b y Br i t i sh m e r c h a n t s . P ro- duced b y the P e k i n g O p e r a C o m p a n y of pek ing .

Nov. 27, 7:00 p .m. Chang A n T h e a t r e

• W I L D H O R S E W I T H A RED M A N E This tradi t ional opera u n d e r the n a m e of L a d y Prec ious S t r e a m once c a u g h t t he f a n c y of L o n d o n t h e a t r e - g o e r s . D e f y i n g h e r f a t h e r , p r i m e m i n i s t e r of the T a n g Court , W a n g Pao - e h u a n g ives h e r h e a r t a n d h a n d to a p o o r m a n . F o r s e v e n t e e n y e a r s she l ives in p o v e r t y whi le h e seeks his f o r t u n e . T h e y a r e h a p p i l y r e u n i t e d w h e n he r e t u r n s as a h i g h c o u r t official. ProduCed b y t he P e k i n g O p e r a C o m p a n y of P e k i n g .

Nov. 20, 7:00 p .m. P e k i n g W o r k e r s ' Club

S H E N S I O P E R A

The Shens i Op e ra T r o u p e is i n P e k i n g on a m o n t h ' s tour . Be lo w w e list s o m e of the ope ra s t h e y will p e r f o r m .

• V I S I T I N G T H E W E S T L A K E A t r ad i t i ona l ope ra abo u t a y o u n g gir l who , r e f u s i n g to submi t to f euda l oppress ion , dies f o r h e r t r u e love.

Nov. 26, 7:00 p .m. Jt X t a n g T h e a t r e Nov. 20, 7:00 p .m. G u a n g He T h e a t r e

• S P R I N G S T O R M A n e w o p e r a abou t h o w the people of K a n s u wi th r e v o l u t i o n a r y en- t h u s i a s m dig a c h a n n e l ac ros s t he m o u n t a i n s to i r r i ga t e t h e i r fields.

Nov. 27, 7:00 p .m. G u a n g He T h e a t r e

• L I A N G CHIU YEN Th e n e w M a r r i a g e L a w p r o m u l g a t e d in 1051, is the d e u s e x m a c h i n e in this p l ay ab o u t the s t rugg l e w h i c h the y o u n g g e n e r a t i o n in the c o u n t r y s i d e w a g e s aga in s t f euda l ideas .

Nov . 28, 7:00 p .m . Jl Xiang T h e a t r e

P I N G J U O P E R A

• THE G I R L W I T H P I G T A I L S A y o u n g girl he lps u n c o v e r a c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y gang in Pek ing . P r o d u c e d b y the P i n g J u Ope r a C o m p a n y of Pek in g .

Nov. 20 & 30, 7:00 p .m . Y u a n En St T hea t r e

S O N G A N D D A N C E

T h e E r i c h - W e i n e r t A r t T r o u p e of the Na- t iona l P e o p l e ' s A r m y of t h e G e r m a n D e m o - c r a t i c R e p u b l i c Is n o w v i s i t ing P e k i n g a n a wil l p e r f o r m a t the T l a n q i a o T h e a t r e , Nov. 25-27, Nov . 29-Dec. 1, 7:15 p .m .

T H E A T R E

• P A P E R T I G E R A sa t i r e on t he m e n in W a s h i n g t o n w h o d r e a m of a n n e x i n g C h tna ' s T a i w a n . P r o d u c e d b y the China Youth Art T h e a t r e .

Nov . 20-Dec. 1, 7:00 p .m. C h i n a Y o u t h A r t T h e a t r e

• E E A R T S A F L A M E A g r o u p of Vo lun t ee r s b a c k f r o m K o r e a set u p a f a c t o r y in a d i sused bu i ld ing . Ba t t l i ng diff icul t ies t h e y m a k e it a success . P r o d u c e d b y t he P e k i n g P e o p l e ' s A r t T h e a t r e .

Nov. 25-Nov. 28, 7:15 p .m . S h o u d u T h e a t r e

• T H E S N O W Q U E E N - - a d a p t e d f r o m the H a n s A n d e r s e n f a i r y ta le . A c o u r a g e o u s boy o v e r c o m e s m a n y di f f icul t ies in r e s c u i n g his l i t t le g i r l f r i end . P r o d u c e d b y the China c h i l d r e n ' s T h e a t r e .

Nov . 25-30, P e k i n g T h e a t r e

F I L M S

• OUR L A N D SO D E A R A f t e r a f ew y e a r s ' s choo l ing in the ci ty a y o u n g girl ha s to re- t u r n to h e r v i l l age . Th i s is a b ig d i s appo in t - m e n t to h e r a t f irst bu t she soon l e a r n s to l ove k e r n e w w o r k on t he f a r m a n d h e r n a t i v e v i l lage . P r o d u c e d b y the C h a n g e h u n F i l m S tud io . Nov. 26-20, P e k i n g Exh ib i t ion Cen tre Cinema.

X i n Jie K o u , J tao Dao K o u Nov. 20-Dec. 1. Xin Z h o n g Guo, Guang He

T h e a t r e

• THE C O M M U N I S T A y o u n g Bolshevik , a f t e r be ing w o u n d e d at t he f ron t in 1010, he lps to bui ld the Sovie t U n i o n ' s first e lec t r ic p o w e r s t a t ion a n d g ives h is l ife in i ts de- fence . A Sovie t co lour f i lm d u b b e d in Chinese.

Nov. 26-28, S h o u d u T h e a t r e

• A W O M A N ' S L I F E A J a p a n e s e film d u b b e d in Chinese . A s t u d e n t is f o r c e d to l e a v e school a n d e a r n a l iv ing to b r i n g up h e r i l l eg i t ima te child. L i fe p r o v e s to be h a r d a n d b i t t e r bu t she pul ls t h r o u g h w2th m a g n i f i c e n t spir i t . W h e n her" son g r o w s up she goes out to s e r v e the w o r k i n g peop le w i t h the p r e c i o u s k n o w l e d g e she h a s h o a r d e d s ince h e r s t u d e n t days .

Nov . 20-28, Da Hue, J lao Dao K o u Nov. 29-Dec. I, X t n Z h o n g Gou,

G u a n g He T h e a t r e

• A D A N G E R O U S L I F E A Czech film a b o u t the he ro i c s t r u g g l e of t he Czech peop le d u r i n g the Naz i occupa t ion .

Nov. 26-28, G u a n g A n Men , P e k i n g W o r k e r s ' Club

Nov. 20-Dec. 1, Ertong, Dong Dan W o r k e r s " Club

• A N D Q U I E T F L O W S T H E DON A d a p t e d f r o m S h o l o k h o v ' s f a m o u s nove l of the s a m e title. T h e life a n d s t r ugg l e s of the Don Cossacks d u r i n g Wor ld W a r I ; t h e love s to ry of a Cossack you th . A Sovie t eo lour film d u b b e d in Chinese .

Nov . 20-Dee. 1, S h o u d u C inema

• NO O R D I N A R Y S U M M E R A d a p t e d f r o m K. F e d i n ' s nove l of the s a m e title, s h o w s the d i f f e r e n t pa th s m e n took d u r i n g t he y o u n ~ Sov ie t R e p u b l i c s ' ba t t l e s a g a i n s t Den ik in a n u the Whi te G u a r d s . T h o s e who l e a r n t the t r u t h w e n t to the s ide of the people . A Sov ie t co lou r f i lm d u b b e d in Chinese .

Nov. 20-Dee. 1, X t n Jie Kou , Z h o n g y a n g . G u a n g A n Men , Da Hue , Jiao Dao

KOU, P e k i n g W o r k e r s ' Club

E X H I B I T I O N S

• A R T E X H I B I T I O N O v e r e igh t h u n d r e d p a i n t i n g s by Chinese w o r k e r s , p e a s a n t s and so ld ie rs wil l be d i s p l a y e d a t the G a l l e r y of the Ar t i s t s ' U n ion (on Shua i Fu Yuan , off W a n g f u c h i n g St.) and Be iha i P a r k f r o m Nov. 27. Most of t h e m re f l ec t the " b i g l eap for- w a r d " in i n d u s t r y a n d a g r i c u l t u r e . Open da i ly 9:00 a . m . - - 5 : 3 0 p .m.

• E X H I B I T I O N ON T H E I N T E G R A T I O N OF E D U C A T I O N W I T H P R O D U C T I V E L A B O U R G u i d e d b y the e d u c a t i o n a l pol icy of the Chinese C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , " E d u c a t i o n Must Be C o m b i n e d w i t h P r o d u c t i v e L a b o u r , " s tu- den t s s h o w w h a t t h e y can do u n d e r the w o r k - w h i l e - y o u - s t u d y p r o g r a m m e . Open da i ly ( excep t Mon.) 0:00 a.m.-5:00 p .m. at t he Col lege of A g r i c u l t u r a l Mechan iza t ion , out- s ide T e h Sheng Men Gate , a n d the College of E d u c a t i o n a l A d m i n i s t r a t i o n , outs ide He P i n g Men Gate .

• N A T I O N A L E X H I B I T I O N OF I N D U S T R Y A N D C O M M U N I C A T I O N S Open da i ly (ex- cep t Mon.) 0:00 a.m.-5:00 p .m .

At P e k i n g Exh ib i t i on Cen tre a n d Building Cons t ruc t ion Exh ib i t ion Cen tre

F L O W E R S H O W

The g r a n d c h r y s a n t h e m u m show is now o p e n at Be iha i P a r k . O v e r e ight hund red va r i e t i e s a r e on d i sp lay .

S P O R T S

• W E I G H T - L I F T I N G Match b e t w e e n U z b e k Sovie t Social is t Republ ic , Polish a n d Chi- ne se t e a m s a t the P e k i n g G y m n a s i u m on Nov. 27 a n d Nov . 28.

• F O O T B A L L The Soviet Uzbek Cotton G r o w e r s ' Foo tba l l T e a m wiU sho r t l y vls~t P e k i n g a n d p l ay s eve ra l m a t c h e s aga ins t Chinese t e a m s . Watch for da tes !

22

T H E C U P T H A T C H E E R S!

Drink CHINA BLACK TEA "Palace" brand pure China Black Tea is a

selected tea of superior ~ qual i ty--even

and well-rolled in appearance with golden

tips, producing a pleasant, fragrant, full-

flavoured, translucent beverage.

"Tea-Pot" brand pure China Black Tea is

a variety of high-grade Broken Tea, made

from tender leaves with many golden tips.

It gives you a wonderfully translucent

beverage, very dark in colour, with a

strong fragrance and taste.

Pure China Black Tea contains a moderate amount of tannin, theine (caffeine)

and essential oils. It is best drunk without admixture of lemon, milk or sugar,

though they may be added to suit individual tastes.

To brew China Black Tea, put two teaspoonfuls of tea in a cup, pour in

fresh water just off the boil, cover it with a lid for a few minutes and it is

ready to serve.

"Palace" and "Tea-Pot" teas are available in fancy 1A lb. and 1~ lb. packets.

Write [or particulars today to

CHINA NATIONAL TEA

Head Office: 57 Li Shih Hutung, Peking, China Cable Address: NATIONTEA PEKING

EXPORT CORPORATION

Shanghai Branch: 74 Tienchih Road, Shanghai, China Cable Address: NATIONTEA SHANGHAI

KNOW THE SOVIET UNION AND THE WORLD

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