“New” Sulfonylurea Turfgrass Herbicides

2004

Tim R. Murphy

The University of Georgia

“Newer” SU Herbicides

TranXit - SUManor, Blade- SUCorsair – SUManage - SURevolver - SUMonument – SUVelocity – Not an SU, but similar MOA

Amino acids

Building blocks of plant proteinsEnzymes mediate biochemical

reactionsStorage roles - seed reservesStructural roles

Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Imidazolinones Image Plateau

Sulfonylureas Manor, Blade Manage Corsair Revolver TranXit Monument

Roundup Pro Velocity Excessive Rate of Manor on Zoysia

Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Characteristics Most of these herbicides have soil and foliar

activity except glyphosate Undergo significant translocation Soil residual activity herbicide-dependent Low use-rate herbicides Very low toxicity

Sulfonylureas

Manor, Corsair, Manage,TranXit, Monument, Revolverrapid shoot and root aborptiontranslocates to meristematic areasinhibits leucine, isoleucine and valine synthesisgrowth is impaired and plants die over 1 to 3 wk

period

TranXit – Griffin LLC

Poa control before overseeding (includes greens)DNAs, Dimension, Kerb, Rubigan

Poa control in non-overseeded bermuda, centipede and zoysiaTriazines, Kerb, Diquat

Spring transition aid in overseeded bermudaManor, Revolver, Monument, Kerb, Embark

NON-RESIDENTIAL USE ONLY

Weeds Controlled by TranXit

annual bluegrass ryegrass spp. little barley tall fescue blue-eyedgrass rough bluegrass

common chickweed shepherd’s-purse henbit field pansy cutleaf eveningprimrose spotted spurge pennywort (dollarweed)

TranXit

Rimsulfuron 25DFSulfonylurea2.0 to 4.0 ozs. product/acreChemically degraded, more rapid under alkaline

or acid conditionst-1/2 in soil is 2 to 10 days

Poa Control in Bermudagrass

Non-overseeded ‘Tifway’Single or repeat applications of rimsulfuron2 and 4 oz./acre + NISMarch 14

Tifway – 15% green-up, Poa annua – seedheads

Followed by March 27Tifway – 20% green-up, Poa annua – seedheads

Poa annua control.

0

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Po

a an

nu

a co

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(%)

12 DAA 30 DAA 47 DAA 57 DAA

Tranxit 2 oz Tranxit 4 oz Tranxit fb Tranxit 2 ozTranxit fb Tranxit 4 oz UTC

*

57 DAAUntreated Check

57 DAATranXit 2.0 ozs.

57 DAATranXit 2.0 fb. 2.0 ozs.

Effect of TranXit on Tifway green-up.

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Po

a an

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a co

ntr

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(%)

22 DAA 30 DAA 37 DAA 47 DAA

Tranxit 2 oz Tranxit 4 oz Tranxit fb Tranxit 2 ozTranxit fb Tranxit 4 oz UTC

*

**

Manor, Blade

Metsulfuron 60 DF Excellent option for ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass and

broadleaf control in warm-season turfgrasses, especially St. Augustinegrass

Do not use on bahiagrass Low rate - < 1.0 oz. product/acre Use only 0.25 to 0.5 oz/acre on centipede Use with nonionic surfactant

Corsair - Riverdale

Chlorsulfuron 75%Used primarily for spot control of clumpy tall

fescue in bermuda, zoysia, centipede, St. Augustine, Ky. Bluegrass – works slowly

Avoid transition applications on centipede, zoysia, St. Augustine

Repeat application in 60 dAdd NIS at ¼ to 1/3 fl. oz./gallon of spray mix

Revolver – Bayer Environ. Sciences

Foramsulfuron - 0.19SC, POSTFirst liquid sulfonylurea, no NIS required4.4 to 26.2 fl. ozs. product/acre (use high rate for

centipede suppression and goosegrass)

t-1/2 in soil is 1 to 12 daysChemically degraded, more rapid under alkaline

or acid conditions

Revolver

Poa control before overseeding (includes greens)

[2 WBS]DNAs, Dimension, Kerb, Rubigan, TranXit

Poa control in non-overseeded bermuda and ‘Meyer’ zoysiaTriazines, Kerb, Diquat

Spring transition aid in overseeded bermudaManor, TranXit, Monument, Kerb, Embark

Weeds Controlled by Revolver

annual bluegrass ryegrass spp. little barley tall fescue rough bluegrass bentgrass

henbit goosegrass

Goosegrass Control - Griffin

‘Tifway’ bermudagrass, 0.75 in. ht. Irrigated site 25 gpa Revolver: 17.4, 26.2 fl. ozs./ac MSMA + Sencor: 2.7 pts. + 2.7 ozs./ac Illoxan: 1.4 qts./ac Applied 6-12 and 6-19, 2002 2 to 3 tiller goosegrass

Goosegrass control with Revolver. 2002.

0102030405060708090

100

Per

cen

t

Injury 4 Goosegrass 6 Goosegrass 11

Weeks

Revolver 17.2 Revolver 26.2 Illoxan MSMA + Sencor

Monument– Syngenta

Trifloxysulfuron-sodium 75 WDG, POST0.1 to 0.56 ozs. product/acre t-1/2 in soil is 5 to 15 daysChemically degraded, more rapid under alkaline

or acid conditionsAdd NIS at 0.25% v/v

Monument

Poa control in non-overseeded bermuda and zoysiaTriazines, Kerb, Diquat, Revolver, TranXit

Spring transition aid in overseeded bermudaManor, TranXit, Monument, Kerb, Embark,

Revolver Broadleaf weed and sedge control (winter and summer) NON-RESIDENTIAL USE ONLY

Weeds Controlled by Monument

annual bluegrass ryegrass spp. little barley rough bluegrass torpedograss tall fescue

henbit dichondra Va. Buttonweed nutsedge (yellow and

purple) green kyllinga carpetweed spotted spurge

Monument Transition Project - 2001

GA Station Perennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’ ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass 0.75 in. clip height 2 appl. – 5/16 and 6/14 25 gpa 0.25% v/v NIS with all herbicides except Kerb

Monument – One Appl. (5/16/01)

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10

Monument 0.1 oz.

Monument 0.3 oz

TranXit 4.0 Kerb - 1.5 UTC

Qua

lity

8 d 36 d 45 d

Monument – Two Appl. (5/16 + 6/14/01)

0

2

4

6

8

10

Monument 0.1 oz

Monument 0.3 oz

TranXit 2 UTC

Qua

lity

7 d-B 15 d-B 30 d-B

MONUMENT – One Appl. (5/16/01)

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15 d 36 44 15 36 44 15 36 44 15 36 44

Den

sity

CYNDA LOLPE

MON 0.1 MON 0.3 Kerb 1.5 UTC

Monument – Two Appl. (5/16 + 6/14/01)

0

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7 dB 15 30 7 15 30 7 15 30 7 15 30

Den

sity

CYNDA LOLPE

MON 0.1 MON 0.3 TranXit 2 UTC

Velocity

bispyribac-sodium Use rates – 1.3 to 2.6 oz.product/ac inhibits ALS, no synthesis of branched chain amino

acids not a sulfonylurea, but slow acting root and shoot absorbed, ½ life < 10 d Post control of Poa annua in overseeded

bermudagrass

Velocity Projects - 2002

GA StationPerennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’‘Tifway’ bermudagrass0.625 in. clip heightIrrigated site

Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury

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30

40

Velocity 0.7 oz. Velocity 1.4 oz. Velocity 2.8 oz

Rye

gras

s In

jury

26 d 40 d 48 d

Applied 4 wks after seeding, 3-lf ryegrass

Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control

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40

60

80

100

Velocity 0.7 oz. Velocity 1.4 oz. Velocity 2.8 oz

An

nu

al B

lueg

rass

Co

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27-Mar 7-May

Applied 4 wks after seeding, Oct. 23, 2001

Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury

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5

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15

20

Velocity 0.7 oz. Velocity 1.4 oz. Velocity 2.8 oz

5 wks 7 wks

Applied 18 wks after seeding, Feb. 8, 2002

Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control

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100

7 WAT 8 WAT 11 WAT 12 WAT

An

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Velocity 0.7 oz. Velocity 1.4 oz. Velocity 2.8 oz

Applied 18 wks after seeding, Feb. 8, 2002

Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury

0

5

10

15

20

Velocity 1.4 oz. Velocity 1.4 fb 1.4 oz.

Rye

gras

s In

jury

10 DAT 20 DAT 30 DAT 50 DAT

Applied 17 and 20 wks after seeding, Mar. 7 & Apr. 1, 2002

Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control

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20 DA-A 30 DA-A 50 DA-A 60 DA-A

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Velocity 1.4 oz. Velocity 1.4 fb 1.4 oz.

Applied 17 and 20 wks after seeding, Mar. 7 & Apr. 1, 2002

Turf17-03: Photo April 9, 2003, NIS left, MSO right

Velocity, 1.3 fb 1.3 oz/ac

2/18 + 3/03 3/03 + 3/21

Other SU Herbicides in Development

Flazasulfuron (Katana) -ISK BioSciencesSulfonylurea

Sulfosulfuron (Battalion) – MonsantoSulfonylurea

Flazasulfuron (Katana) -ISK BioSciences

Bermuda, zoysia, centipedeSt. Augustine and cool-seasons not tolerantSpring transition aid, seedling crabgrass

(<4-lf), nutsedge and kyllinga, numerous broadleaf weeds

Sulfosulfuron (Battalion)- Monsanto

Bermuda (most tolerant), St. Augustine, centipede, zoysia

Cool-season tolerance is low and highly rate dependent

Spring transition aid, nutsedges, kyllinga

Fate of Herbicides Applied to Turf Water solubility - the extent to which a pesticide will

dissolve in water Sorption by clay colloids and organic matter

Adsorption - binding of a herbicide to the surface of a soil particle .

Absorption - Penetrates into plant tissue Microbial degradation - influenced by herbicide

concentration, temperature, moisture, pH, oxygen, microbial population

Fate of Herbicides Applied to TurfChemical degradation and photodecomposition

Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, and photodecomposition under field conditions

Volatilization and evaporation - Loss due to an increase in temperature, vapor pressure, and wind movement.

Plant uptake and metabolism - roots, shoots, leaves

Water Movement

Surface runoff

Leaching

Capillary action

Factors That Affect LeachingIncrease Decrease

Coarse soils Fine Soils

Low O.M. High O.M.

Water soluble Water insoluble

Non-binding Readily bind

High rainfall Normal rainfall

Mobility of Postemergence Herbicides in Soil(not conducted on turf)

None to slight

Low

Moderate

High

Diquat Glyphosate MSMA

Bromoxynil Fenoxaprop Sethoxydim Fluazifop Rimsulfuron Foramsulfuron

Imazaquin Halosulfuron Chlorsulfuron Metsulfuron Trifloxysulfuron

MCPP 2,4-D Dicamba Bentazon Triclopyr Clopyralid Glufosinate

Herbicide ½ Life

Amount of time it takes a herbicideto reach one-half (t-1/2) of the originallyapplied concentration. Expressed in days, wks,months, yrs.

1.0 lb. Ai/acre 0.5 lb. Ai/acre

Postemergence Herbicides – Avg. t-1/2

Herbicide

Soil Persistence t-1/2

Halosulfuron Trifloxysulfuron Rimsulfuron Foramsulfuron Bisyribac

4 - 34 d 5 – 15 d 2 – 10 d 2 – 13 d < 10 d

SU Herbicide Lateral Movement

Griffin, GALateral runoff facility

5% uniform slopeWobbler irrigation heads1.25 inches per hourTifway bermudagrass0.5 inch clip height

SU Herbicide Lateral Movement

Plots 25 ft. longLower 10 ft. fall-seeded with perennial ryegrassUpper 15 ft. not overseeded

Late January, applied to dormant bermudaMonument at 0.33 and 0.56 oz./acreManor at 0.5 oz./acreTranXit at 2.0 oz./acreKerb at 2.0 lbs./acre

SU Herbicide Lateral Movement

Before applicationApplied 2.5 inches irrigation (2 hrs), 37% saturationWaited ~ 1hr, until foliage driedApplied herbicidesWaited ~ 1hr, until foliage driedApplied 2.5 inches irrigation (2 hrs)Applied 0.5 inch irrigation water 24 HAT

SU Herbicide Lateral Movement

WHAT HAPPENED??Kerb – moved 8 ft. (76% injury)Monument 0.33 oz. – 0.7 ft (3%)Monument 0.56 oz. – 3 ft. (14%)Manor 0.5 oz. – 0.7 ft. (1)TranXit 2.0 oz – 0.6 ft. (1)

NOTE: No significant injury occurred until 48 DAT

Can SU Herbicides Move?

Yes, if:Surface film of water present at applicationIrrigation or rainfall immediately after applicationNot watering after foliage has driedDew re-suspends and can cause tracking (prevent by

watering in)Improperly adjusted irrigation heads

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