New Spiralne bakterije-Slajdovi- Mikrobiologija-Medicina · 2020. 3. 18. · Spiralne...
Transcript of New Spiralne bakterije-Slajdovi- Mikrobiologija-Medicina · 2020. 3. 18. · Spiralne...
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Spiralne bakterije-Slajdovi-Mikrobiologija-Medicina
Prva pomoćUniverzitet u Beogradu
37 pag.
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Spiralne bakterije
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Spiralne bakterije
- 3 roda značajna za medicinu:
- Treponema
- Borrelia
- Leptospira
- Gram negativne bakterije
- Gram negativne bakterije
- spiralnog oblika (različiti broj zavoja)
- aksijalni filament (unutrašnja flagela, periplazmatska flagela)
- vrlo dugačke 5 - 30 m
- vrlo tanke 0,1 - 0,5 m
- teško se kultivišu ili se uopšte ne kultivišu
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Treponema spp.
- Gram negativne spiralne bakterije
- 3 aksijalna filamenta
- tanke 0,1 × 5-15 m
- ne rastu na veštačkim hranljivim podlogama
- patogene vrste podeljene na osnovu bolesti koju izazivaju:
sifilis - Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum
frambezija - Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue
endemski sifilis - Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum
pinta - Treponema carateum
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Treponema spp.
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Treponema spp.
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Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum
- u laboratoriji se održava inokulacijom u testise zeca
Faktori virulencije i patogeneza bolesti
- seksualno prenosiva bolest, kongenitalno na fetus
- infektivna doza - par desetina bakterija- infektivna doza - par desetina bakterija
- adhezini
- hijaluronidaza
- omotač od fibronektina (adherencija, izbegavanje
imunskog sistema)
- oštećenje tkiva posledica imunskog odgovora
- glavne patohistološke promene:
- endarteritis
- periarteritis
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Epidemiologija
- čovek je jedini rezervoar i izvor
Kliničke manifestacije
- primarni sifilis (tvrdi šankr)
- sekundarni sifilis (blaga groznica, generalizovana
limfadenopatija, mukokutana ospa)
- period latencije
- tercijarni sifilis (gume, neurosifilis, kardiovaskularni sifilis)
- kongenitalni sifilis
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Primarni sifilis (tvrdi šankr)
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Primarni sifilis (tvrdi šankr)
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Primarni sifilis (tvrdi šankr)
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Primarni sifilis (tvrdi šankr)
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Primarni sifilis (tvrdi šankr)
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Sekundarni sifilis (ospa)
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Sekundarni sifilis (ospa)
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Sekundarni sifilis (ospa)
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Tercijarni sifilis (gume)
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Tercijarni sifilis (gume)
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Tercijarni sifilis (stenoza koronarnih arterija)
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Kongenitalni sifilis
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Laboratorijska dijagnostika
- za analizu se uzima eksudat lezija i krv za serologiju
- u uzorku iz eksudata bakterije se posmatraju
u tamnom polju
- za serologiju se koriste:
(1) nespecifični testovi
(2) specifični testovi(2) specifični testovi
Terapija i prevencija
- penicilin
- apstinencija, prezervativi
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Treponema u tamnom polju
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Ostale Treponeme od značaja za medicinu
frambezija - Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue
endemski sifilis - Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum
pinta - Treponema carateum
- prenose se direktnim kontaktom
- nevenerična oboljenja- nevenerična oboljenja
- ljudi su jedini rezervoar i izvor
- lezije na koži i sluznicama
- kod frambezije i endemskog sifilisa i lezije mekih tkiva i kostiju
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Frambezija
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Borrelia spp.
- Gram negativne spiralne bakterije
- 7-30 aksijalnih filamenata
- 0,2-0,5 × 4-18 m
- rastu na specijalnim hranljivim podlogama
- prenose se vektorima, vašima i krpeljima
- izazivaju povratne groznice:
- izazivaju povratne groznice:
epidemijski tip - B. recurrentis
endemski tip - brojne Borreliae
Lyme bolest - B. burgdorferi
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Faktori virulencije i patogeneza bolesti
- izazivače povratnih groznica prenose vaši (epidemijski tip)
ili krpelji (endemski tip)
- antigenske varijacije "varijabilnih glavnih proteina (VMP)"
- Layme bolest prenose krpelji
- B. bugdorferi ne pokazuje antigenske varijacije- B. bugdorferi ne pokazuje antigenske varijacije
- nastanak bolesti posredovan:
(1) tropizmom za kožu, zglobove i CNS
(2) bakterija u malom broju godinama perzistira
(3) odgovor imunskog sistema na
perzistentne mikroorganizme
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Epidemiologija
- epidemijski oblik povratne groznice:
- prenose vaši
- nema transovarijalnog prenošenja
- čovek je jedini rezervoar infekcije
- endemski oblik povratne groznice:
- prenose meki krpelji
- prisutno transovarijalno prenošenje
- glodari i krpelji najznačajniji rezervoar
- Lyme bolest:
- prenose tvrdi krpelji
- nema transovarijalnog prenošenja
- glodari su najznačajniji rezervoar
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Ixodes
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Ixodes
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Ixodes
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Amblyoma americana (Lone Star)
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Kliničke manifestacije
- kod povratnih groznica smenjuju se periodično febrilni i
afebrilni periodi
- kod Lyme bolesti:
(1) rani klinički znaci (eritema migrans)
(2) kasni (neurološka oštećenja, kardiovaskularna(2) kasni (neurološka oštećenja, kardiovaskularna
oštećenja, perzistentni artritis)
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Laboratorijska dijagnostika
- za analizu se uzima krv
- prouzrokovači povratnih groznica mogu se dokazati u
krvnom razmazu obojenom po Wright-u ili Giemsa-i
- Borreliae se rutinski ne kultivišu
- serologija se koristi za dijagnozu Lyme bolesti- serologija se koristi za dijagnozu Lyme bolesti
Terapija i prevencija
- tetraciklini, ampicilin
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Leptospira spp.
- Gram negativne spiralne bakterije
- 1 aksijalni filament
- tanke 0,1 × 8-20 m
- veliki broj gusto postavljenih navoja
- jedan ili oba kraja savijeni u vidu kuke
- rastu na veštačkim hranljivim podlogama
- rastu na veštačkim hranljivim podlogama
- patogena vrsta Leptospira interrogans sa preko
200 serotipova
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Leptospira spp.
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Faktori virulencije i patogeneza bolesti
- direktan ili indirektan kontakt sa inficiranim životinjama
- oštećenje tkiva posledica imunskog odgovora
- glavna patohistološka promena je oštećenje
malih krvnih sudova
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Epidemiologija
- brojne domaće i divlje životinje su rezervoar
i izvor infekcije
Kliničke manifestacije
- akutna faza bolesti
- imunska faza bolesti:
- anikterična leptospiroza
- ikterična leptospiroza
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Laboratorijska dijagnostika
- Leptospire se rutinski ne kultivišu
- serologija se koristi za potvrdu dijagnoze
Terapija i prevencija
- penicilin, tetraciklini
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