NEw SERIES F 1945 SUBSCRIPTION, $6.00

VOL. 101, No. 2612 FRIAY, JA A Y, SINGLE COPIES, .15

Bausch & Lomb PhotomicrographicApparatus Is playing an importantpart today, in recording for the futurethe findings of today's tremendouslyaccelerated research programs ... Inscientific and industrial laboratories.

Published weekly by the American Association for the Advancement of Science at Lancaster, Pa.Entered as second-class matter July 18, 1923 at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 101, No. 2612

I

Bacto-AgarBacto-Agar is a purified Agar prepared from

domestic material. In the manufacture ofBacto-Agar extraneous matter, pigmented portions,and salts are reduced to a minimum, so that thefinished product in the form of fine granules willdissolve rapidly, giving clear solutions.

Bacto-Agar is distributed only for use inbacteriological culture media upon propercertification by the purchaser.

Bacto-AsparagineBacto-Asparagine is a purified amino acid

widely used in synthetic culture media and in thepreparation of tuberculin.

Specify "DIFCO"THE TRADE NAME OF THE PIONEERS

In the Research and Development of Bacto-Peptone andDehydrated Culture Media.

DIFCO LABORATORIES1N O PO ZA T E D

DETROIT, MICHIGAN

Electronic-Hardened Filter PaperNo. 576; Micro Lint-Free;for Biological Products

Schleicher & Schuell Co.Plant and Lab: South Lee, Mass.

Head Office: 11-1 18 West 14th St.New York 11, N. Y.

School administrators In all the states from Malne toCalifornia Inclusive are requesting that we recommendteachers to them for their teaching staffs. We are In-terested In further registration of teachers, both ex-perienced and Inexperienced, who have In mind continuedadvancement in time teaching field.

AMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. Jm(!kiiiom lv11.l. Chicago, Ill

Hold the temperature of thatWATER BATH or JACKET

with a

MILLER THERMOSTATIC ATTACHMENTCarl D. Miller, 827 Salem St., North Andover, Mass.

ANALYTICAL DEVELOPMENT CHEMISTLarge midwestern pharmaceutical company hasimmediate opening for man to take charge of de-velopment of analytical procedures for new phar-maceutical products. Applicant must comply withW.M.C. regulations. Box 102 "SCIENCE" Smith-sonian Institution Building, Washington 25, D. C.

Assistant physicist for research work onstainless steels and similar alloys, Collegedegree required. Box 103 "SCIENCE"Smithsonian Institution Building, Wash-ington 25, D. C.

Pharmaceutical Chemist for midwestern pharma-ceutical company. Position involves developmentand product improvement work. Man with experi-ence preferred. Please state salary expectationswith complete details of your experience and train-ing in first letter of application. Box 104 "Sci-ENCEE" Smithsonian Institution Building, Wash-ington 25, D. C.

2

Microscopists!Shillaber's Examination Liquids, refractive in-

dices (D line, 250 C), from 1.40 to 1.80; for tem-porary mounts. By choosing examination liquidsaccording to index, you can render portions of aspecimen transparent or can develop maximum con-trast as needed for purpose of critical study. Theseliquids are entirely stable and non-volatile up to1.70 index. 1.75 and 1.80 liquids are slightly vola-tile, less stable, chemically inert to nearly all ma-terials. Liquids will not harden on standing.

Packed in 1/4 oz. square, screw capped bottles. In-dices 1.40, 1.45, 1.50, 1.55, 1.60, 1.65, each 40¢, or the setof six $2 00; Index 1.70 75 ; 1.75 per 10 g. (3 ml), 754;index 1.80, per 10 g. (3 ml), $2.00. All nine Items, asdescri)ed, $5.00. Larger quantities of the 1.75 and1.80 liquids at the same rate. Minimum order (withremittance) $1.00. Minimum charge order $2.00.

These liquids will facilitate microscopical ex-amination of unknowns, bring out details otherwiseinvisible or indistinct, and they will make possiblethe maximum resolution afforded by the best apo-chromatic lenses.

Have you seen the new Shillaber's Photomicrog-ra11hy? Recommended for all workers in advancedmicroscopy. Leaflet on request.

R. P. Cargille118 Liberty Street New York 6, N. Y.

THIS NEW classified advertising service. willmake its first appearance in the Feb. 2, 1945issue of SCIENCE. For complete details seepage 15 of the Jan. 5. 1945 issue or write to:

ADVERTISING DEPARTMENTAMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THEADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

Smithsonian Institution Bldg. Washington 25, D. C.m

I

1 ill

1

I

.

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

When you specify 'Roche' you specify UNCOMPROMISING QUALITY!If you are using the pure crystalline vitamins in the course of your nutri-tional studies, specify 'Roche& The name 'Roche' has been inseparablylinked with scientific investigation of the vitamins, their synthesis, devel-opment, eventual quantity production.

Whatever your special research interests, whatever your special needs,whenever you want vitamins B1-B2-B6-C-E specify 'Roche' and youcan rest assured of getting the finest science can give you, in the mostdesirable forms, and at the lowest prices consistent with highest quality.

HO FFMANN -LAR0 CH E, IN C. Vitamin Division * Nutley JO,N.J.

JANUARY 19, 1945 3

4 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VGL. 101, No.

automatic tissue processingby any histologic techniqueeffecting routine twenty-fourhour reports on all sections

matic fixation... formalin, Bouin, Zenker, or any other elective. methodautomatic washing... thorough cleansing by flush-action, constant change

system automatic dehydration alcohols, dioxane, acetone or any otherpreferred technique, and in any sequence Om clearing...chloroform,benzine, xylol, cedarwood oil, aniline oil, or alternates o i nfiltrion

paraffin, celloidin, etc. automatic decalcification ... nitric, formic, picricacids, or other fluids automatic staining of slides with any staining agents.

Descriptive literature available

THE TECHNICON COMPANY215 E. 149th Street * New York 51, N. Y.

4 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 101, No. 2612

CRYSTALLINI: RWTIN

*Stad~4~e45Oltl~l5 f cyl~t~1line bio MIfor Micr6bi4~ia tsyprOoFduxes.,arec avaiWle in -following. quantities'4$ It-id. 1M .1

Since rytalline biotin .iow ire ay avai t p-MAbiotin concentrates will be discontinued when presentsn;,-h t

;ii- *ptio- vr e

B;z!'EtIERKL'w8IIOCIENICOAIS- IttC- .'CH*GRIN FALLS,---.

ti i1g +jAXa E'1N' APO;T * .1 .W

VOL. 101, No. 26126 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

,WMO-48001r~~~~~~....-.66~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~p9¢* 'yGLIKE SHOOTING FISH IN A BARREL .. . There was a time

when Jap Zeros could "sit in the sun" and come in with gunsblazing -protected from our gunners by blinding sunlight. Not

long ago, they hod an unpleasant surprise. U. S. Army and Navy

gunners now have a new Westinghouse gunsight lamp that letsthem fire with deadly accuracy- directly into the sun. Formerly,our gunners could aim within only 15 degrees of the sun, leavinga dreaded "blind spot". This has now boen removed -and,with it, a lot of Japs.

Lamps of 10,000 different types, using from 1/10th to 10,000 watts-Incondescont,fluorescent, Infrared, ultraviolet lamps, produced at the rate of about 1,000,000units daily -lamps for seeing, for heating, for fighting disease - whereveryou see the Westinghouse Mazda Trade Mark, you'l find top qualityI

DAVY JONES could find good use for this 1000-watt seasalvage lamp. Inside are loose groins of tungsten whichthe diver con whirl against the glass-to scour off cloud-ing particles emitted by the scorching filament.

SELF-CONTAINED SUN LAMP, developed by Westing.house, produces comfortable warmth with infrored, as wellas beneficial ultraviolet rays. Mercury vapor, electrodes,reflector, and incandescent filament are sealed in a bulbof special glass, which screws into any lamp socket.

Tune in:JOHN CHARLES THOMAS

Sunday, 2:30 pm, EWT, NBCWestighouse

PLANTS IN 24. C OFFACES EVECYWHERE

Tune in: TED MALONEMon. Tues. Wed. Evenings

Blue NetworkI

:

9a

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS6

1r-'d

i

JAURl 9 95SINEAVRIEET

ADAMSmSAFETY-HEAD CENTRIFUGEImproved Model As Supplied to U. S. Army and Navy

5000* R.P.M. on D.C.This centrifuge offers important advantages over the conventional units. The tubes aresuspended at a fixed 520 angle-thus faster sedimentation is achieved by the shorter dis-tance particles are required to travel . . . creating mass, and reaching the bottom morequickly. The tubes remain in the angular position and no stirring up of sediment results.

CT-1001 ADAMS SENIOR SAFETY-HEAD CENTRIFUGE for SIX 15ml. TUBES.Exclusive of tubes or shields Each $49.50CT-1000 Same as above, but complete with six round bottom brass shields withrubber cushions and three each graduated and ungraduated taper bottom 15 ml.glass tubes.Without protective cap or underguard ............................. Each $52.50CT-1055 UNDERGUARD. . Each $ 3.50

CT-1050 PROTECTIVE CAP Each $ 2.50

Above centrifuges have universal motors for 110-volt A.C. or D.C. current. Ad-ditional charge of $2.00 is made for 220 volt universal motors.

* With underguard No. CT-1055 with six 15 ml. tubesloaded. 4200 R.P.M. on A.C. with same load.

MICRO andml.) can beshields. No

SEMI-MICRO tubes (5 ml. to 0.5accommodated by purchasing extraadapters are required.

CLAY-ADAMS Cl

JUST OUT-Write f or our new

catalog on your letter-head, please, giving usyour institutional affil-iation and department.

JANUARY 19, 1945 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 7

$ SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

7~~emae~%

-IN THE WELCH STAINLESS STEELTRIPLE-BEAM TRIP SCALE

No. 4050

CAPACITY:1,610 grams

With Cobalite Knife Edgesand Agate Bearings

-_ EXCLUSIVE FEATURES -_

SENSITIVITY:0.1g.

Stainless SteelThe beam and all exposed parts are of stainless steel,which is practically noncorrodible by laboratory fumes.In fact these stainless steel parts have been placed inthe following solutions for one month: AmmoniumHydroxide, Chromic Acid, Formaldehyde, HydrogenSulphide, Sodium Hyposulphite, Nitric Acid, SodiumChloride, Molten Sulphur, and Sulphuric Acid, and atthe end of that period showed a total penetration ofless than .0003" for any solution. This resistance ofstainless steel insures for many years bright, clear,easily read scales, while the old designs with ferrousor nickel beams become unreadable in a comparativelyshort while. This exclusive advantage in the Welchbalance will be appreciated by all laboratory directors.Because of the use of Stainless Steel, it is possible tohave fine, sharp lines, which are easily read. Everytiny screw, rivet or nut, in this balance is of stainlesssteel.

Beam ArrestA beam arrest button is at the left end of the basethus providing for rapid, accurate weighing. This

feature is particularly valuable, for the novice maylearn on this comparatively rough-weighing scale thatthe damping device should be handled gently so as notto throw the beam and increase rather than decreasethe oscillations.

Covered BearingsThe stainless steel cover is provided so that no ma-terials can fall into the agate bearings which supportthe Cobalite knife-edges. This feature will be par-ticularly appreciated in the chemistry laboratory whereso often balances of this type are ruined, and particu-larly those with ferrous knife-edges or bearings, bysome of the salts falling on the knife-edges and intothe bearings.

Cobalite Knife-EdgesThe knife-edges are hard, corrosion-resistant Cobalite,a cobalt-chromium-tungsten alloy. Heretofore thesewere only found in "extra-cost," high-grade analyticalbalances. In industrial applications the remarkableperformance of hard, corrosion-resistant material iswell known.

Complete with two extra weights, Eack $12.00W. M. WELCH SCIENTIFIC COMPANY

Established 18801517 Sedgwick Street Chicago 10, Illinois, U. S. A.

VOL. 101, No. 26128 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

SCIENCEVOL. 101 FRIDAY, JANUARY 19, 1945 No. 2612

Blood Proteins and Their Therapeutic Value: PRO- Scientific Apparatus and Laboratory Methods:EssoR EDWIN J. COHN.......................................51 A Microcalomel Electrode for Polarographic Mea-

Obituary: surements: DR. PHILIP W. WEST and DR. EDWARDDeaths and Memorials . ................. 57 S. AMIS ......... 71

Scientific Events: Science News.10Vital Statistics of Australia; Meetings of Ento-mologists; The Annual Meeting of the AmericanPhytopathological Society; The National MalariaSociety; The Bernays Radio Award .......................................57 SCIENCE: A Weekly Journal, since 1900 the official

organ of the American Association for the AdvancementScientific Notes and News..................... ---------------------59 of Science. Published by the American Association for

Discussion: the Advancement of Science every Friday at Lancaster,The Nomenclature of the Rh Blood Types: DR. Pennsylvania.LAURENCE H. SNYDER. The Threat to Pure Sci- Editors: JOSEPHINE OWEN CATTELL and JAQUESence: DR. JARED S. MOORE. Gaps in Current Files CATTELL.of Scientific Periodicals: EILEEN R. CUNNINGHAM. Policy Committee: MALCOLM H. SouLE, ROGER ADAMSEducation in Argentina: PROFESSOR J. A. SHEL- and WALTER R. MILES

LENBERGER .................................................. ...................

Advertising M~anager: THEO. J. CHRISTENSEN.Scientific Books: Scientific Books: Communications relative to articles offered for publicationAdvanced Calculus: PROFESSOR D. V. WIDDER. The should be addressed to Editors of Science, The Science Press,Needs of Man: DR. WARREN S. THOMPSON .................. 64 Lancaster, Pa.

Communications relative to advertising should be addressedSpecial Articles: to THEO. CHRISTENSEN, Advertising Manager, Smithsonian

Interaction between Crystalline Penicillin and Hu- Institution Building, Washington 25, D. C.ma PlamaProteins:DR. BACON F. CHOWandCommunications relative to membership in the Associationman Plasma Proteins: Da. BACON F. CHOW and and to all matters of business of the Association should be

CLARA M. MCKEE. The Serological Diagnosis of addressed to the Permanent Secretary, A.A.A.S., SmithsonianSyphilis: DR. HANS NEURATH and OTHERS. A New Institution Building, Washington 25, D. C.Trypanocidal Agent: y- (p-Arsenosophenyl)-ButyricAcid: DR. HARRY EAGLE .................................................... 67 Annual subscription, $6.00Singlecopies, 15 cents

BLOOD PROTEINS AND THEIR THERAPEUTIC VALUE12

By Professor EDWIN J. COHNDEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL

RECOGNITION of the role of the National ResearchCouncil in making available to Government Agenciesthe knowledge and advice of civilian experts in themedical sciences appears to be peculiarly appropriateat this time. I am honored to have been asked to par-ticipate in this ceremony, and to discuss blood proteinsand their therapeutic value. The Blood SubstitutesSub-Committee of the National Research Council is

1 Address delivered on December 11, 1944, at the cere-mony of the award to the National Research Council bythe American Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association,New York, N. Y.

2 The observations on which this appraisal is based in-volve so many fields and have appeared in such diversepublications that even a partial bibliography would belonger than this address. "A Plan for Collection, Trans-portation and Administration of Whole Blood and ofPlasma in Warfare," by DeGowin and Hardin (WarMedicine, 1: 326, 1941), reviews the earlier experienceon blood'transfusions, "The Preparation and Preserva-tion of Human Plasma," by Strumia, MeGraw, andReichel (Am. Jour. Clin. Path., 11: 480, 1941), that on

a small group, the membership of which has changedbut little from the time, many months before PearlHarbor, when it was reorganized and charged withthe responsibility of advising the Armed Forces andGovernment Agencies as to the methods to be em-ployed and the products to be accumulated againstmilitary emergency or civilian disaster. Although ithas carefully and critically examined the propertiesof every blood substitute that has been suggested, itthe drying of plasma from the frozen state, and "TheProperties and Functions of the Plasma Proteins,",(Chem. Reviews, 28: 395, 1941), the methods available fortheir separation and purification. Other references aregiven in a more recent report on "Blood, Blood Deriva-tives, and Blood Substitutes" (Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.,88: 159, 1944), in a series of twenty-three communicationsfrom different laboratories under the title, "Chemical,Clinical and Immunological Studies on the Products ofHuman Plasma Fractionation " (Jour. Clin. Investiga-tion, 23: 1944), and in four clinical papers that haveappeared lately (Jour. A. M. A., 126: 469, 674, 680 and944, 1944).