New Problem Gambling Prevalence Survey 2002 · 2018. 11. 10. · sentenced prisoners in New...

Gambling Policy Directorate

Policy and Program Services Directorate

Department of Corrective Services

Problem Gambling

Prevalence Survey 2002

Queensland Government 2002Material may be reproduced provided due acknowledgement is made.Department of Corrective Services Problem Gambling Prevalence Survey 2002

Policy and Program Services Directorate

Department of Corrective ServicesLevel 22, 50 Ann StreetBrisbane Qld 4000

GPO Box 1054Brisbane Qld 4001

Phone: (07) 3239 3928Fax: (07) 3405 6301Internet: www.dcs.qld.gov.au

Contents

1 Introduction 2

1.1 Project Background 21.2 Previous Research 4

2 Methodology 5

2.1 Choice of Screening Instrument 52.2 Survey Instrument 52.3 Sample Groups 62.4 Sample Size and Selection 62.5 Interview Process 72.6 Response Rates 82.7 Data Collection and Handling 9

3 Results 9

3.1 Prison Population Estimates 93.2 Prevalence rates for sub-groups 113.3 Profiles of gambling groups 12

Non gambling 12Non problem gambling 12Low risk gambling 15Moderate risk gambling 16Problem gambling 17

3.4 Offending profile of sample group 19

4 Conclusion 21

5 References 23

6 Appendix 24

1 Survey Instrument2 Consent Form

1

Department of Corrective Services Gambling Survey 2002 Contents

Introduction

This report outlines the findings of research conducted into the incidence of problemgambling within a sample of sentenced prisoners accommodated in Queensland correctiveservices facilities. Based upon the sample population, prison population estimates ofproblem gambling are also provided.

The prevalence of problem gambling for the sub-groups of gender and indigenous statuswere of interest and will be outlined.

For the scope of this research, problem gambling is defined as gambling behaviour thatcreates negative consequence for the gambler, others in his or her social network, or for thecommunity (Canadian Problem Gambling Index: User Manual, Draft – January 28, 2001).

Using the Canadian Problem Gambling Index’s (CPGI’s) nine-item Problem GamblingAssessment, survey respondents are divided in to five groups – non-gambling, non-problemgambling, low risk gambling, moderate risk gambling and problem gambling. Based uponthe prisoner sample group, for each of these five groups, information pertaining to preferredgambling activity, gambling expenditure, gambling correlates of co-morbidity with drugs andalcohol and history of mental health issues and demographic profile, will be provided.

The offending profile of the sample group, gambling involvement whilst in custody as well asprisoner interest in a gambling related program are also documented.

It should be noted that interpretation or comparisons of the differences between the five profiled groups, their correlates or other related information is not within the scope of this document.

1.1 Project Background

In response to growing public concern over the increase of gambling in the community, theQueensland Government developed and released in April 2000, it’s Policy Direction forGambling in Queensland.

Major initiatives outlined in the policy direction document, as reported by the QueenslandTreasury’s Gambling Policy Directorate, include: • Incorporating a community protection objective into all gambling legislation• Establishment of the Responsible Gambling Fund to fund strategic research and

other responsible gambling initiatives• The extension of support services for people adversely affected by

problem gambling• The further development and implementation of a responsible gambling strategy

encompassing prevention, protection and rehabilitation objectives. (Gambling PolicyDirectorate 2002)

In line with this policy direction, support is provided to address problem gambling issuesand promote responsible gambling practices in Queensland.

The Queensland Treasury regulates and monitors Queensland's gambling industry, collectsgambling taxes and provides policy advice to ensure that the Queensland community andthe State benefit from gambling.

The key roles of Treasury include:• Developing appropriate policies and gambling legislation• Reducing the prevalence and incidence of problem gambling and its impact on

individuals and the broader community• Coordinating economic and social research to underpin future policy advice on gambling.

(Queensland Treasury 2002).

2

1 Introduction Department of Corrective Services Gambling Survey 2002

1

To develop and implement the QQuueeeennssllaanndd RReessppoonnssiibbllee GGaammbblliinngg SSttrraatteeggyy, the GamblingPolicy Directorate was established under the Queensland Treasury portfolio.

Through this directorate, Queensland Treasury is responsible for administering a ResponsibleGambling Fund. This Fund resources and allocates monies to co-ordinate responsiblegambling strategies and research into gambling issues.

The Gambling Policy Directorate conducted a Household Gambling Survey in 2001 to providebaseline information about gambling activity, the prevalence of problem gambling in thecommunity and to profile those who may be "at risk" in the community (QueenslandHousehold Gambling Survey 2001). Utilising the Canadian Problem Gambling Index as apopulation screening tool, the Queensland Household Survey results estimate that .83% ofthe adult population fall within the problem gambling range.

During consultations between Queensland’s Department of Corrective Services and Treasury,it was advised that the Responsible Gambling Fund could be accessed to assist in therehabilitation of offenders with problematic gambling behaviours. A three-stage project wassubmitted to, and approved by, Treasury to be undertaken.

The first stage involved the purchase of gambling related self-help publications for prisonersand offenders subject to community based orders (e.g., probation, parole, home detention,intensive correction orders).

The second stage, which relates to and forms the basis of this current project, intends todetermine the prevalence of problem gambling within the Queensland prisoner population.

The third stage, should the findings from this research indicate a need, will facilitate thedevelopment of gambling-related rehabilitative programs.

1.2 Previous research

Limited research has previously been undertaken in relation to the prevalence of problemgambling within prisoner populations.

In 1989, a survey of 60 male remand prisoners at the Canning Vale Remand Centre inWestern Australia identified 22% of those sampled to be "Probable Problem Gamblers"(PPGs). This survey was conducted using the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) aclinically based screening instrument. It was further noted that the true proportion of PPGsin the remand population lies between 10% and 34% with 90% confidence limits (Jones,1989). The incidence rate of probable problem gambling obtained in this survey was foundto be broadly in line with Bellringer’s (1986) estimate of gambling problems in an openprison in the U.K (Jones, 1989, p.3).

As referred to by Abbott and McKenna (2000), the SOGS was used by Templer, Kaiser andSiscoe (1993) and found 26% of 136 consecutive admissions to a Nevada correctionalfacility, to be probable pathological gamblers. It was noted that researchers identified thatthis high prevalence rate may be linked to the location of the prison which is only 30 milesfrom the gambling centre of Las Vegas.

Further findings documented by Abbott and McKenna (2000), refer to a 1997 research paperby Walters (1997) who administered the SOGS to 363 male medium security prison inmatesin Pennsylvania. The lifetime probable pathological gambling preference was five percent.

Research undertaken in 2000 into the incidence of problem gambling within recentlysentenced prisoners in New Zealand, utilised the South Oaks Gambling Screen - Revised. It was reported that approximately a third of women and a quarter of men were found to beproblem gamblers at the time of their imprisonment…just over a quarter of women and 15percent of men said that they had committed at least one criminal offence to obtain moneyfor gambling or to pay gambling debts (Abbott and McKenna, 2000 and Abbott, McKennaand Giles, 2000).

3

Department of Corrective Services Gambling Survey 2002 1 Introduction

Given the findings of these previous studies, similar results are expected withinQueensland’s prisoner population. Therefore, the aim of this research is to demonstrate ahigher incidence of problem gambling within the prisoner population in comparison to thewider community. Such findings would support the usage of funding through Treasury’sResponsible Gambling Fund to develop rehabilitative and potentially preventative programsspecific to gambling.

Methodology

2.1 Choice of screening instrument

The Canadian Problem Gaming Index (CPGI) was utilised by Treasury in its QueenslandHousehold Gambling Survey 2001 and the decision to use this form of population screeninginstrument over clinical screening tools such as the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS)and the Diagnostic Statistical Manual Revised (DSM IV) is documented as relating to theissue as to whether psychological / clinical frameworks such as the SOGS or DSM IV canadequately assess problem gambling, or whether cultural and environmental factor shouldalso be included (Queensland Household Gambling Survey 2001).

The CPGI was developed to provide a more meaningful measure of problem gambling for usein general population surveys, one that reflected a more holistic view of gambling andplaced it in a more social context (Canadian Problem Gambling Index: User Manual, Draft –January 28,2001).

In addition, the CPGI’s definition of problem gambling, as referred to in Section 1 of thisreport is analogous to that which is currently utilised for policy purposes in Queensland.

Given that Treasury utilised the CPGI in its Household Survey, it seemed appropriate that thesurvey conducted by the Department of Corrective Services should, at bare minimum,contain the same assessment tool to ascertain the varying degrees of problem gambling.

Nine items from the CPGI Problem Gambling Assessment (Canadian Problem GamblingIndex: User Manual, Draft – January 28, 2001) are scored to produce a prevalence rate fornon-gambling, non-problem, low risk, moderate risk and problem gambling.

These nine questions all relate to events or behaviours relating to gambling having occurred"In the last 12 months…". This line of questioning was adapted for the current survey tostate "In the 12 months prior to your incarceration…", as organising or participating ingambling within correctional facilities in Queensland is not permitted and is punishableunder the Corrective Services Act 2000.

2.2 Survey instrument

A 48-item questionnaire (Appendix 1) was developed, bearing in mind the target populationand the need to obtain information from groups of persons who may be reticent to disclosepersonal, sensitive and confidential information. The nine scored items, extracted from theCPGI Problem Gambling Assessment, were incorporated to ascertain the degree of problemgambling within the population sample.

The remaining questions were developed to provide information relating to gamblinginvolvement; demographics; problem gambling correlates such as family gambling problems,alcohol and drug usage whilst gambling and mental health issues; and any direct or indirectlinkages between gambling and offending.

The questionnaire was provided to the Department of Corrective Services Aboriginal andTorres Strait Islander Unit in order to ensure the items were deemed to be culturallyappropriate and used language that was suitable, understandable and non-offensive toindigenous participants in any way.

4

2 Methodology Department of Corrective Services Gambling Survey 2002

2

2.3 Sample groups

Male and female sentenced prisoners accommodated within secure and open custodyfacilities in Queensland formed the sample. Sub groups of gender and indigenous and non-indigenous status were chosen to determine whether any significant differences inprevalence rates of problem gambling existed between these groups.

2.4 Sample size and selection

Based upon previous research, it was estimated that approximately 20% of the populationwould fall within the problematic gambling category. Given the low numbers of indigenousand non-indigenous females, a higher proportion were required to be interviewed incomparison to the males. Assuming a 20% incidence rate, the sub group sample sizes werecalculated being 95% confident of a +/- 10% error.

As the survey was to be conducted by one interviewer over a period of time after the initialcalculation (refer table 1, column 4) the sub group sample sizes were increased by a further15% to allow for firstly, prisoner discharges over the timeframe and secondly, prisoners whowere unwilling to participate. Table 1 displays these figures.

Nominal roles, that is, lists of prisoner names alphabetically ordered by surname of the foursub groups of interest, were generated from the Department of Corrective Services’Correctional Information System.

An example will be provided to demonstrate the process followed to randomly selectprisoners within each of the sub groups.

In the instance of male indigenous prisoners, the nominal role comprised of 881 names.Column 6 shows that for this sub group, two out of every 25 names required selecting. Tocommence counting from an arbitrary point, the researcher requested a staff member inclose proximity to select a number between one and 25. The staff member in this instanceselected 12. A line was drawn after the 12th name on the nominal role. Counting of 25names commenced from the 13th name on the list and a line was drawn after the 25thname. This process was repeated for the remainder of the list. The names above and beloweach line on the nominal role were selected to be part of the sample group. A similarprocess was followed for each of the other sub groups.

5

Department of Corrective Services Gambling Survey 2002 2 Methodology

• (15% or .15 x Column 4) + Column 4 = Column 5

• ** Column 5/ Column 2 reflected as a percentage and presented as a fraction to generate sample

Sub group

FFeemmaallee iinnddiiggeennoouuss 68 50% 34 39 57.4% or 3/5(selected three in everyfive prisoners)

FFeemmaallee nnoonn iinnddiiggeennoouuss 159 30% 48 55 34.6% or 7/20

MMaallee iinnddiiggeennoouuss 881 7% 62 71 8.1% or 2/25

MMaallee nnoonn iinnddiiggeennoouuss 2652 2% 53 61 2.3% or 1/40

TToottaall 33776600 119977 222266

Total prisoner

population as

at 4/2/02

% of subgroup to

be surveyed

based upon initial

sample size

Number of

sub group to

be sampled

Number to be

sampled

based upon

added 15% *

Added

15%/Total

prisoner

population

Table 1: Calculation of sub group sample sizes

2 Methodology Department of Corrective Services Gambling Survey 2002

6

2.5 Interview process

Ideally, all prisoners who were selected through the sampling process should have beentested on the same day. However, to have done so, would have been operationallydisruptive, as well as being resource and cost intensive. It is assumed that the general andproblem gambling characteristics of the prisoner population were relatively constant over thefive-week testing period.

Each prisoner randomly selected by the process previously outlined was requested to attendan individual, face-to-face interview with the researcher in a private area. At this interviewthe prisoner was provided with written and verbal information pertaining to the research andinvited to participate in the study. It was enforced by the interviewer that responses wouldremain confidential, that the scoring sheet would not identify the prisoner in any way, thatthe responses were to be inputted into a data entry system and the interviewer wouldsubsequently destroy the response sheets.

Once the prisoner agreed to participate in the survey, a consent form (Appendix 2), whichincluded the details of the project, was read by, or read out by the interviewer to, theprisoner when the prisoner admitted to having difficulties with reading. Those willing toparticipate signed the consent form which was retained by the interviewer. The prisonerswere advised that they could retain a second copy of this consent form should they wish to do so.

Those not interested in participating were thanked for their time and dismissed. Theseprisoners were advised that their decision not to participate would have no detrimentaleffect on their detention in any way.

As previously mentioned, those prisoners who agreed to participate were interviewedindividually, face-to-face and in a private area. The interviewer read out the questions andadditional basic written material to assist in response selection for certain questions wasfurther provided. The interviewer ensured the interviewees could read the additionalmaterial and if unable to do so, read the information to the prisoner, checked and re-checkedtheir understanding of the question, thus ensuring understanding and improving thelikelihood of a correct response.

Interviews were conducted over a five-week period during February and March 2002.

Interview times ranged from ten to fifty minutes in duration, depending on factors relating tothe need to develop rapport between interviewer and interviewee and any language andliteracy difficulties.

2.6 Response rates

One hundred and seventy eight prisoners from a total of 226 agreed to participate in thesurvey. A total of 19 prisoners refused to participate and 29 prisoners had been releasedfrom custody and were unable to be interviewed. The overall response rate was 90.4%. Theresponse rates for each of the sub-groups are tabulated as follows.

* Response rate is the ratio of the number of interviews to the number of in-scope sample. That is Column 6/ (Column 3 – Column D)

Sub-group

FFeemmaallee iinnddiiggeennoouuss 68 39 11 4 24 85.7%

FFeemmaallee nnoonn--iinnddiiggeennoouuss 159 55 3 3 49 94.2%

MMaallee iinnddiiggeennoouuss 881 71 14 8 49 86%

MMaallee nnoonn--iinnddiiggeennoouuss 2652 61 1 4 56 93.3%

TToottaall 33776600 222266 2299 1199 117788 9900..44%%

InterviewsPopulation Target

Sample

Out of scope

(discharged)

Refusals Response

rate *

Table 2: Response rate for sub-groups of gender and indigenous status

Department of Corrective Services Gambling Survey 2002 3 Results

7

2.7 Data collection and handling

Responses were documented in writing on a scoring sheet by the interviewer. Theinformation from the scoring sheet was entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheetdeveloped and constructed by the Office of Economics and Statistical Research. The dataentered could not be linked to the individual participants in any way.

Staff from the Office of Economics and Statistical Research analysed the data and preparedtables for the variables of interest. Such variables were chosen to parallel the QueenslandHousehold Survey 2001 as well as other variables the Department of Corrective Servicesdeemed to be of value.

Results

3.1 Prison population estimates

The following table displays the sample group percentage, based upon the 178 interviewsconducted and the subsequent prisoner population estimates for the CPGI gambling groups.Those figures with an asterisk (*), indicate that the estimate has a relative standarderror*between 25% and 50% and is to be used with caution.*The standard error (SE) measures the extent to which an estimate may vary by chance because only a sampleof prisoners was included in the survey. Given a large enough sample size, is about two chances in three thatan estimate will differ by less that one standard error for the figure that would have been obtained if allprisoners had been included, and about 19 chanced in 20 that the difference will be less than two standarderrors. The relative standard error (RSE) expresses the standard error as a percentage of the estimate. The RSEof an estimate is given by the following expression: RSE = (SE/Estimate) x 100.

Based upon the above figures and displayed in Chart 1, an estimated number of 731inmates, almost 20% of the prisoner population, would be expected to be problemgamblers. An additional 570 prisoners or 15.2% would be moderate-risk gamblers.

3

* The values for Columns 2 and 3 differ, as the numbers falling within each of the CPGI categories for each of the sub groupsof gender and indigenous status were different.

** The confidence interval (CI) provides a range within which the real value is estimated to lie, given the sample date. Thegeneral formula for a confidence interval is:

CI = Estimate " Z x SE, where Z is the appropriate value from the standard normal table.

For a 95% confidence interval, Z=1.96 (often rounded to 2). For example, the 95% confidence interval for the proportion ofprisoners who were problem gamblers is between 11.5% and 27.4%. This means that there is a 95% chance that, if allprisoners were surveyed, we would find the actual value of the percentage within this range.

CPGI gambling group

NNoonn--ggaammbblliinngg 8.4% 6.4% * 2.2% – 10.5% 239 *

NNoonn--pprroobblleemm ggaammbblliinngg 48.3% 44.9% 35.2% – 54.6% 1687

LLooww rriisskk--ggaammbblliinngg 13.5% 14.2% * 7.1% – 21.2% 532 *

MMooddeerraattee rriisskk ggaammbblliinngg 12.4% 15.2% 8.0% – 22.3% 570

PPrroobblleemm ggaammbblliinngg 17.4% 19.5% 11.5% – 27.4% 731

TToottaall 110000%% 110000%% 33776600

Confidence

Interval at

95% *

Sample

group

percentage*

Prison

population

percentage

estimate*

Prison

population

estimate (as at 4/2/02)

Table 3: Percentage for sample group and prison population estimates for the CPGI gambling groups

3.2. Prevalence rates for sub-groups of gender

and indigenous status

The following table displays the percentages for the sample group sub-groups of gender andindigenous status, for each of the CPGI groups.

Based upon the sample group of 178 prisoners, non-indigenous men had a highestprevalence of problem gambling followed by indigenous females and then non-indigenousfemales. Indigenous males had the lowest rate of problem gambling.

3.3 Profiles of gambling groups

The information provided here intends to present a basic demographic profile of each of thegambling groups, based upon the sample population. The profile is not being compared to,nor distinguished from either the general prison population or general community in anyway. Problem gambling correlates are included to add further dimension to the profile.

It should be noted that these profiles, particularly in relation to the categories of gender, age range and indigenous status, are likely to reflect the general demographics of theprisoner population.

It is anticipated that these profiles could potentially be used when developing a gamblingrelated program and may give a better picture of the background of the likely targetaudience. The comparisons between the profiles of the five groups may be of interest to thereader but as stated in the Introduction, are not within the scope of this document.

3 Results Department of Corrective Services Gambling Survey 2002

8

CPGI gambling group

NNoonn--ggaammbblliinngg 6.1% 12.5% 14.3% 3.6%

NNoonn--pprroobblleemm ggaammbblliinngg 57.1% 41.7% 49% 42.9%

LLooww rriisskk--ggaammbblliinngg 14.3% 16.7% 8.2% 16.1%

MMooddeerraattee rriisskk ggaammbblliinngg 6.1% 12.5% 14.3% 16.1%

PPrroobblleemm ggaammbblliinngg 16.3% 16.7% 14.3% 21.4%

Male

indigenous

Female non-

indigenous

Female

indigenous

Male non-

indigenous

Table 4: CPGI prevalence rates for sample group based upon gender and indigenous status

Chart 1: Pie chart of prison population estimates for gambling groups

as per the CPGI Problem Gambling Assessment

Moderate r isk15.2%

Non-problemgambling44.9%

Low risk14.2%

Problem gambling19.5%

Non-gambling6.4%

Non gambling

Within the sample population, 8.4% of prisoners did not gamble at all.

More of this group were male, born in Australia, identified as indigenous* and were in theage range of 18-34 years. They were more likely to have never been married, were equallylikely to be employed, unemployed and looking for work, involved in CDEP (CommunityDevelopment Employment Programs) or receiving some form of a pension. Almost 90% had not completed greater than Year 10. Most had a personal income of less than $10,000 per annum.

Correlates of problem gambling

The results will be presented in dot point format and it should be noted that in relation toalcohol and drug usage, questioning related to behaviour prior to incarceration (Appendix 1,questions 32-42).• 60% of the non-gamblers drink alcohol• Of those who do drink alcohol, they are equally likely to drink either four of more times a

week (33.3%) or two to four times per month (33.3%) and are equally likely to consumeten or more drinks or one to two drinks when drinking

• 20% admitted to using marijuana more than four times per day• 6.7% admitted to other illicit drug usage more than four times per day• 13.3% advised to have been treated for a psychological condition in the past

and the same number advised that they were currently receiving medication for apsychological disorder

Non-problem gambling

These persons do not have any behavioural problem indicators and probably will not haveexperienced any adverse consequences of gambling

48.3% of the sample surveyed fall within this group.

Gambling activity of choice

When requested to provide their single preferred method of gambling, the three mostpopular forms for this group are as follows:• Keno/ lotteries – 23.3%• Poker machines – 20.9%• Horses/dogs – 18.6%

9


* Given that only 73 indigenous prisoners were interviewed, this proportion may be significant

GGeennddeerr 60% male40% female

IInnddiiggeennoouuss ssttaattuuss 67% identify as indigenous *33% identify as non-indigenous

AAggee rraannggee 53% 18-3440% 35-547% 55 and over

MMaarriittaall ssttaattuuss 53 % never married27% defacto13% married

CCoouunnttrryy ooff bbiirrtthh 80% Australian born

EEdduuccaattiioonn lleevveell 87% completed Year 10 or under

WWoorrkk ssttaattuuss 20% full-time, 20% unemployed but looking for work20% receiving pension20% CDEP

IInnccoommee 73% less than $10000 per annum

Gambling expenditure

Of those falling within the non-problem gambling group, the largest amount of moneyexpended on gambling in a day as a percentage is reported as follows:• 54.7% >$10.00 - $100.00 • 32.6% $10.00 or less• 10.5% >$100.00 to $1000.00

Based upon the sample group, non-problem gamblers were more likely to be male, agedbetween 18 and 34 years and more identified as non-indigenous. Half had never beenmarried. More than half of this group completed their education to Year 10 or less andslightly fewer than 50% of the group were employed full-time prior to their incarceration.More than half earned less than $30,000 per annum. Twelve percent of this group admittedto earning over $80,000 per annum through illegal means. Four percent of this group earnedthis amount of money legitimately.

Correlates of problem gambling• 65.1% of this group consume alcohol• Of those who drink, 30% report to consume alcohol 2-3 times per week• Half of those who do drink alcohol, admit to consuming 10+ standard drinks when they

do drink• Two thirds of those who drink alcohol, drank while they gambled• 23% of the sample admitted to smoking marijuana four or more times a day up

to 12 months prior to their incarceration; 55.8% of the sample stated to have never used marijuana

• 30% of the sample admitted to other illicit drug usage four or more times per day up to12 months prior to their incarceration

• 14% of those who did admit to illicit drug usage admitted to being under the influencewhen gambling

• 17% of the sample admitted to having been treated for a psychological illness in the past• 3.5% of the sample were receiving medication for a psychological condition at the time

of interview• 40% of this group advised a family member or significant other had a gambling problem

10


GGeennddeerr 44% female56% male

IInnddiiggeennoouuss ssttaattuuss 39% identify as indigenous61% identify as non-indigenous

AAggee rraannggee 60.5% - 18-3436% - 35-543.5% - 55 and over

MMaarriittaall ssttaattuuss 50% never married20% defacto19% separated/divorced

CCoouunnttrryy ooff bbiirrtthh 84% Australian born6% New Zealand

EEdduuccaattiioonn lleevveell 53% completed Year 10 or less24% completed Senior Certificate14% completed Vocational Education and Training8% completed tertiary

WWoorrkk ssttaattuuss 40% full-time, 13% unemployed, not looking for work12% receiving pension7% CDEP

IInnccoommee 64% less than $30000 per annum20% between $30000 and less than $8000012% over $80 000 per annum (obtained illegally)4% over $80 000 per annum (obtained legitimately)

Low risk gambling

Likely not to have experienced any adverse consequences from gambling. They may be atrisk if they are heavily involved in gambling and it they respond to at least two of thecorrelates of problem gambling

13.5% of the sample group fall within this gambling group

Gambling activity of choice

When requested to provide their favourite method of gambling, in order of popularity, thethree most popular forms for this group are as follows:• Poker machines – 25%• Horses and dogs – 25%• Cards – 16.7%

Gambling expenditure• 41.7% - > $10.00 - <$100.00 • 37.5% - > $100.00 - <$1,000.00• 16.7% - > $1,000.00 - < $10,000.00 • 4.2% - > $10,000.00

These low risk gamblers are slightly more likely to be male, twice as likely to be non-indigenous and 70% fall within the age range of 18-34 years. Eight percent of this groupwere born in Vietnam, the remainder being Australian born. Prior to their incarceration,almost one third admitted to being unemployed and not looking for work. One fifth wereemployed full time. More than half of the group were receiving less than $20,000 perannum. Almost one third netted an annual income of greater than $80,000, which wasadmittedly, obtained illegally.

Correlates of problem gambling• 70.8% of this group admitted to drinking alcohol• 35% of those who drink, report to drink 2-3 times per week• 82% admit to consuming 10+ standard drinks in a session• 70.6% drank when they gambled• One quarter admitted to smoking marijuana 4+ times per day; 37% never

smoked marijuana

11


GGeennddeerr 54% - male46% - female


AAggee rraannggee 70% 18-3430% 35-54

MMaarriittaall ssttaattuuss 54% never married33% defacto

CCoouunnttrryy ooff bbiirrtthh 92% Australian born8% Vietnamese

EEdduuccaattiioonn lleevveell 42% completed Year 10 or less33% completed Vocational Education and Training12.5% completed Tertiary

WWoorrkk ssttaattuuss 30% unemployed not looking for work21% full-time, 17% unemployed but looking for work

IInnccoommee 55% less than $20 000 per annum30% over $80 000 per annum (obtained illegally)

• Half used other illicit drugs 4+ times per day• 60% of those who used other illicit drugs, admitted to being under the influence

when gambling• 46% had previously been treated for a psychological condition • 21% were currently receiving medication for a psychological condition• 37.2% report a family member or significant other had encountered problems

with gambling

Moderate risk gambling

Those falling within this group may or may not have experienced adverse consequences fromgambling. Gamblers may be at risk if they are heavily involved in gambling and if theyrespond positively to three or four of the correlates.


Gambling activity of choice• Poker machines – 22.7%• Horses/ dogs – 18.2%• Casino – 18.2%• Keno/ lotteries – 18.2%

Gambling expenditure• 36.4% - > $100.00 - <$1,000.00• 36.4% - > $1,000.00 - < $10,000.00 • 4.5% - > $10,000.00

Close to two thirds of those within this group were male, slightly more than half identified asindigenous and over three-quarters were aged between 18-34 years. Slightly less than halfhad never been married or were in a defacto relationship. Five percent were born in NewZealand, the remainder, in Australia. Fourteen percent had completed Tertiary eduction. Inrelation to work status prior to their imprisonment, they were equally either employed full-time, unemployed but looking for work or receiving a pension. Half earned less than$30,000.00 per annum. Forty-one percent of the group had a disposable income of over$80,000.00, which was admittedly obtained through criminal activity.

12


GGeennddeerr 73%- male37% - female


AAggee rraannggee 77% 18-3423% 35-54

MMaarriittaall ssttaattuuss 45 % never married41% defacto

CCoouunnttrryy ooff bbiirrtthh 95% Australian born5% New Zealand

EEdduuccaattiioonn lleevveell 45% completed Year 10 or less27% completed Vocational Education and Training14% completed Tertiary

WWoorrkk ssttaattuuss 21% full-time, 27.5% unemployed but looking for work27.5% receiving pension

IInnccoommee 51% less than $30 000 per annum41% over $80 000 per annum (obtained illegally)

Correlates of problem gambling• 77.3% consumed alcohol• Of those who do drink, one third admitted to consuming alcohol 4+ times per week• 82% admitted to consuming 10+ standard drinks in a session• Half drank whilst gambling• 50% smoked marijuana 4+ times per day• 45% ingested other illicit drugs 4+ times per day• 58% where under the influence of drugs whilst gambling• 36% reported having been treated for a psychological illness in the past• Almost 10% were currently receiving medication in relation to a psychological condition• Almost 60% reported a family member or significant other had a gambling problem

Problem gambling

Persons who have experienced adverse consequences from their gambling behaviour andmay have lost control of their behaviour. Involvement in gambling is likely to be heavy. This group would be more likely to respond positively to more correlates than membersof other groups.


Gambling activity of choice• Poker machines – 35.5%• Casino – 19.4%• Horses/dogs – 16.1%• Cards – 16.1%

Gambling expenditure• 29% - > $100.00 - <$1,000.00• 45% - > $1,000.00 - < $10,000.00 • 19.4% - > $10,000.00

13


GGeennddeerr 61% male39% female


AAggee rraannggee 58% 18-3439% 35-543% 55 and over

MMaarriittaall ssttaattuuss 39 % never married32% defacto16% separated/ divorced

CCoouunnttrryy ooff bbiirrtthh 84% Australian born6.5% New Zealand6.5% Vietnam

EEdduuccaattiioonn lleevveell 52% completed Year 1026% completed Senior Certificate16% completed Vocational Education and Training6.5% completed tertiary

WWoorrkk ssttaattuuss 26% full-time, 32% unemployed, not looking for work25% receiving pension10% unemployed looking for work

IInnccoommee 49% less than $30000 per annum42% over $80 000 per annum (obtained illegally)

Correlates of problem gambling• 71% drink alcohol• 42% of those who do drink, do so 2-3 times per week• Half of those who do drink alcohol, consume 10+ standard drinks in a session• 77% of those who consume alcohol, drink whilst gambling• 38.7% of this group claim to never use marijuana• Close to one third admit to using marijuana 4+ times daily• 55% of this group admit to using other illicit drugs 4+ times daily• 42% report having been treated for a psychological condition in the past• 20% are currently receiving medication for a psychological condition• 60% of this group report a relative or significant other experienced a problem

with gambling

3.4 Offending profile of sample group

The information provided in this section will be briefly outlined in dot point format

Most prevalent offences committed• Assault – 38.2%• Drug and alcohol related – 28.7%• Break and enter – 24.2%• Robbery – 21.9%• Breach Bail – 20.2%• Fraud – 18%

Number of previous incarcerations• Nil – 41.6%• 1-3 times – 38.8%• 4-6 times – 7.9%• 6+ times – 11.8%

Average length of imprisonment• 31 months or 2 1/2 years

Gambling related offending

Despite the sensitive nature of the questions (refer to Appendix 1, questions 44-46) mostprisoners appeared to be open in disclosing the following information:• 6.7% of those surveyed, admitted their current offending related to a need to finance

their gambling problem• 1.1% of the sample admitted their current offences related to their need to pay off

gambling debts• 7.3% of the sample admitted to having been convicted in the past of an offence that was

related to their gambling problem• 1.1% admitted to previous convictions relating to gambling debts• 12.4% admitted to having committed an offence/ offences in the past without detection,

in order to finance their gambling problem• 2.2% admitted to the above, in relation to gambling debts

Gambling whilst incarcerated

Organising or participating in gambling activity as previously mentioned, is deemed to be abreach of discipline and is punishable under the Corrective Services Act 2000. Despite thisand to their credit, the prisoners appeared willing to disclose the following:• 46.1% admitted to gambling• 53.9% denied ever gambling• 10% preferred not to disclose

14


Anecdotal information

Anecdotal information received from prisoners who either admitted to gambling or who hadobserved the negative consequences of gambling whilst in custody is provided in dot point:• Due to a decrease in prisoner wages and the increase of the cost of living, some prisoners

gamble in order to be able to afford to purchase "buy ups" (any items not required to beprovided by correctional facilities – e.g., tobacco, magazines, toiletries)

• Heavy smokers will gamble for tobacco• Many gamble for tokens (prison currency) • As there is no "credit limit" whilst in custody, some prisoners have found themselves in

great debt• Some prisoner assaults and deaths in custody may have been related to gambling debts• Prisoners who never gambled prior to their incarceration have picked up the habit• Most gambling is due to boredom• Prisoners will gamble on anything• A game in a corrective services facility that will remain unnamed, involves $200.00 bets

per game• If required to "pay up" and unable to do so, prisoners may be required to pay with their

weekly "buy ups". This may go on for weeks, if not months, until the debt is cleared.

Prisoner interest in gambling-related program• Yes – 42.7%• No – 56.2%• Not applicable – 1.1%

The final question of the survey related to whether the prisoners interviewed would beinterested in participating in a gambling-related rehabilitative program, were it available.The interviewees were advised that an honest response was required, with the attempt toprevent the prisoner giving a response that he/she thought the researcher would want. Inorder to reduce this potential problem, when a prisoner stated they would be interested inthe program, they were asked to qualify the reasons for this. Many stated that despite nothaving a problem themselves, they knew a family member, significant other or fellowprisoner who did have an issue with gambling and that they would like to learn skills toassist that person with their problems. Other prisoners stated that they deemed such aprogram as potentially preventative for them. Those who identified as having problems withcontrolling their gambling habits presented as supportive of the need for such a program tobe developed, as no specific program is currently available to them to address this need.

15


Conclusion

The recently completed Household Survey 2001 found approximately .83% of theQueensland population as falling within the problem gambling range and 2.70% fallingwithin the moderate-risk group.

Based upon these estimates, the incidence of problem gambling amongst prisoners is over20 times higher than that of the general community.

The incidence of problem gambling as assessed by the CPGI’s Problem GamblingAssessment showed 17.4% of the 178 prisoners surveyed fell within the problem gamblinggroup. A further 12.4 % fell within the moderate-risk group. Population estimates basedupon the sample group, suggest that from the total population of 3760, 19.5% or 731prisoners would be deemed to be problem gamblers and 15.2% or 570 prisoners would bemoderate risk gamblers.

Prevalence rates for the sub-groups of gender and indigenous status based upon the samplegroup found the highest incidence of problem gambling occurring within non-indigenousmales, followed by indigenous females and non-indigenous females. Indigenous males werefound to have the lowest prevalence rate.

Based upon the sample group, demographic profiles of the various gambling groups werepresented as well as problem gambling correlates. Analysing and comparing across thesegroups was not within the scope of this study however may be of interest for future studies.

Almost 7% of the sample group admitted their current offending was related to a need tofinance their gambling habit. A similar number admitted to previous gambling relatedoffending. Twelve percent of prisoners admitted to having committed offences withoutdetection by authorities. Given the sensitive nature of such questioning, it is anticipatedthat these figures could be higher.

To their credit, 46.1% of those surveyed admitted to gambling whilst in custody. Similarly, itis likely that given the potential consequences of such an admission, this figure too, wouldbe more elevated.

In summary, a higher incidence of problem gambling within the prisoner population incomparison to the general community has been demonstrated.

Prisoners themselves indicate a need and an interest in participating in a gambling-relatedprogram for both rehabilitative and preventative purposes.

16

4 Conclusion Department of Corrective Services Gambling Survey 2002

4

References

Abbott, M.W., Giles, L.C. and McKenna, B.G. (2000). Gambling and Problem Gambling AmongRecently Sentenced Males in Four New Zealand Prisons – Report Number Five of the NewZealand Gaming Survey. Available: http://www.dia/gov.nz , 6 February 2002.

Abbott, M.W. and McKenna, B.G. (2000). Gambling and Problem Gambling Among RecentlySentenced Women Prisoners in New Zealand – Report Number Four of the New ZealandGaming Survey. Available: http://www.dia.gov.nz , 7 February 2002 .

Ferris, J. and Wynne, H. (2001). The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: Draft – User Manual.Available: www.ccsa.ca/docs/cpgi_manual.htm 6 February 2002.

Gambling Policy Directorate of Queensland. Queensland Responsible Gambling – ASnapshot. Available: www.responsiblegambling.qld.gov.au/qrgs.htm , 6 February 2002

Jones, G.P. (1989). The Prevalence and Characteristics of Prisoner with Gambling RelatedProblems in Canning Vale Remand Centre – Report of a study conducted for the Departmentof Corrective Services, Western Australia.

Queensland Treasury, Gambling Policy Directorate, Office of the Government Statistician(2002). Queensland Household Gambling Survey 2001. Available:www.responsiblegambling.qld.gov.au , 19 March 2002.

Queensland Treasury, Gambling. Available: www.treasury.qld.gov.au/ga.htm 6 February 2002.

17

Department of Corrective Services Gambling Survey 2002 5 References

5

18

Appendix 2 – Questionnaire Department of Corrective Services Gambling Survey 2002

Appendix 1:

Problem Gambling Survey Instrument

Gambling Involvement

1a. Which of the following types of gambling have you ever participated in?

Yes No

a. played cards for money �� b. bet on horses, dogs or other animals �� c. bet on sports (other than in b) �� d. played keno, or bet on lotteries ��

(including instant lotteries)

e. played dice games for money �� f. went to casino (legal or non legal) �� g. played bingo �� h. played the stock and/or futures markets �� i. played poker machines or other ��

gambling machines

j. bowled, shot pool, played golf or some �� other game of skill for money

k. internet gambling ��

1b. Which of the above mentioned, is your ��preferred/ favourite mode of gambling ?

Why? ______________________________________________

___________________________________________________

2.

What is the largest amount of money you have ever spent ongambling in any one-day?

a. Never gambled ��b. $10 or less ��c. More than $10 up to $100 ��d. More than $100 up to 1000 ��e. More than $1000 up to $10,000 ��f. More than $10,000 ��

3. Do, or did, any of the following people in your life have agambling problem?

a. Father ��b. Mother ��c. A brother or sister ��d. A grandparent ��e. A spouse or partner ��f. My child (ren) ��g. A close friend or someone important ��

in my life

4. Have you ever gambled while in prison? Y / N

5. If you answered yes to question 4 indicate which of thefollowing you participated in.

a. Played cards ��b. Bet on horses, dogs or other animals ��c. Played dice games ��d. Other (specify) ��

Problem Gambling Assessment

6. In the 12 months before you were imprisoned, did you betmore than you could really afford to lose, would you saynever, rarely, sometimes, often or always?

(Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Rarely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Sometimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Often . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Always . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’t know/can’t remember . . . . . . . . 98

Refused) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

7. In the 12 months before you were imprisoned, did you needto gamble with larger amounts of money to get the samefeeling of excitement, would you say never, rarely,sometimes, often or always?

(Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Rarely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Sometimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Often . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Always . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5


Refused) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

8. In the 12 months before you were imprisoned, when yougambled, did you go back another day to try to win back themoney you lost, would you say never, rarely, sometimes,often or always?

(Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Rarely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Sometimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Often . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Always . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5


Refused) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

9. In the 12 months before you were imprisoned, did youborrow money or sold anything to get money to gamble,would you say never, rarely, sometimes, often or always?

(Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Rarely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Sometimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Often . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Always . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5


Refused) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

10. In the 12 months before you were imprisoned, did you feel that you might have a problem (situation) (difficulty)?with gambling, would you say never, rarely, sometimes,often or always?

(Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Rarely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Sometimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Often . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Always . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5


Refused) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

11. In the 12 months before you were imprisoned, did gamblingcause you any health problems, including stress or anxiety,would you say never, rarely, sometimes, often or always?

(Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Rarely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Sometimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Often . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Always . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5


Refused) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

12. In the 12 months before you were imprisoned, did peoplecriticise your betting or told you that you had a gamblingproblem (situation/ difficulty?), regardless of whether or notyou thought it was true, would you say never, rarely,sometimes, often or always?

(Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Rarely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Sometimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Often . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Always . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5


Refused) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

13. In the 12 months before you were imprisoned, did yourgambling caused any financial problems (situations/difficulties?) for you or your household, would you saynever, rarely, sometimes, often or always?

(Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Rarely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Sometimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Often . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Always . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5


Refused) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

14. In the 12 months before you were imprisoned, did you feel guilty about the way you gamble or what happenswhen you gamble, would you say never, rarely, sometimes,often or always?

(Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Rarely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Sometimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Often . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Always . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5


Refused) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

19


Demographics

15. What is your age? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��

16. What is your gender? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M / F

17. What is your marital status? . . . . . . . . . Circle Number

Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Living with partner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Separated/divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

18. What is your country of birth? . . . . . . . Circle Number

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 036

UK and Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962

New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554

Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704

Other _________________________________________

19. Do you identify as an Aboriginal or . . . Y / NTorres Strait Islander?

20. If answered no to Q19 do you identify with any particularethnic group? If answer is yes state name of ethnic group

_______________________________________________

21. What is the highest level of education thatyou have completed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Circle Number

No formal schooling (Year 7 or under) . 00

Grade 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01

Grade 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02

Grade 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03

Grade 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04

Grade 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05

VET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06

Tertiary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07

22. What was your employment status prior to entering prison?

a. Full time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��b. Part time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��c. Casual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��d. Unemployed looking for work . . . . ��e. Unemployed not looking for work . ��f. Never been employed . . . . . . . . . . . ��g. Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��h. Home duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��i. CDEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��j. Retired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��k. Sick, sole parent or disability pension ��Details: ______________________________________

23. What type of work do you normally . . ��do when employed?

A – managerial/ professional

B – clerical

C – semi-skilled

D – unskilled/ manual

E – u/e (able to work)

F – u/e – (unable to work)

G – homemaker (childcare)

H – retired

24. What was your approximate (total household?) annualincome prior to entering prison?

a. Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��b. between $10,000 and less than $20,000 ��c. between $20,000 and less than $30,000 ��d. between $30,000 and less than $40,000 ��e. between $40,000 and less than $50,000 ��f. between $50,000 and less than $80,000 ��g. $80,000 or greater . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��(See if admit to this amount being gained illegitimately)

20


25. What is your religion? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��a. Catholicism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��b. Protestantism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��c. Islam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��d. Buddhism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��e. Taoism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��f. Judaism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��g. Shinto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��h. Hinduism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��i. Agnostic (define) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��j. Spiritual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��k. Other ____________________________ ��

26. How important is religion/ spirituality in your life

a. Not very important . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��b. Important . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��c. Very important . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��

27. How long have you currently been in ��custody / prison? (This will be the totaltime since last in the community).

28. How many times have you previously been imprisoned?

a. 1-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��b. 4-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��c. 6+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��

Drug and Alcohol Use

29.Do you drink alcohol? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y / N

If no, skip to 33

30.How often did you have an alcoholic drink, such as a beer,glass of wine, tot of spirit, before you came into prison

a. Four or more tima week . . . . . . . . . ��b. two to three times a weeks . . . . . . ��c. two to foura month . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��d. Once a month or less . . . . . . . . . . . ��e. Never [Skip to question 30] . . . . . . ��

31. How many alcoholic drinks did you have on a typical day?

a. Ten or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��b. Seven to nine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��c. Five or six . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��d. Three or four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��e. One or two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��

32. Did you drink alcohol whilst you Y / Nwere gambling

33. Do you smoke cigarettes/ tobacco . . . Y / NIf no, skip to 35

34. How often did you usually smoke cigarettes or tobacco in some other way in the 12 months before you came into prison?

a. Twenty or more times a day . . . . . . ��b. At least once, but less than twenty ��

times a day

c. A few times a week . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��d. Two to four times a month . . . . . . . ��e. Once a month or less . . . . . . . . . . . ��f. Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��

35. How often did you usually use marijuana in the 12 monthsbefore you came into prison?

a. Four or more times a day . . . . . . . . ��b. Two to three times a week . . . . . . . ��c. Two to four times a month . . . . . . . ��d. Once a month or less . . . . . . . . . . . ��e. Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��

36. How often did you usually use other illegal or non-prescribeddrugs, including inhalants, barbiturates, amphetamines,cocaine, hallucinogens or narcotics in the 12 months beforeyou came into prison?

a. Four or more times a day . . . . . . . . ��b. Two to three times a week . . . . . . . ��c. Two to four times a month . . . . . . . ��d. Once a month or less . . . . . . . . . . . ��e. Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��

21


Total inmonths

37. Did you normally take illegal or non- . . Y / Nprescription drugs whilst gambling?

Mental health

38. Have you ever been treated for a . . . . Y / Npsychological illness?

39. If yes, if you remember, what were you treated for?

_______________________________________________

40. How were you treated?

_______________________________________________

41. Are you receiving medication for a mental health problem?

_______________________________________________

42. Can you tell me the name of the medication?

_______________________________________________

Offending Behaviour

43. Which of the following best describes your offence/s. Tick more than one where appropriate.

a Murder or Manslaughter . . . . . . . . . ��b Assault or Serious Assault . . . . . . . . ��c Rape, Attempted Rape . . . . . . . . . . ��d Other Sexual Offence . . . . . . . . . . . . ��e Robbery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��f Break and Enter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��g Fraud or Misappropriation . . . . . . . . ��h Drug or alcohol related . . . . . . . . . . ��i Other (specify) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��

44. (i) Were any of your current offences committed to getmoney to

a. Gamble? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y / N

b. Pay gambling debts off . . . . . . . . . . Y / N

(ii) If yes, what type of offence/s: __________________

_______________________________________________

45. (i) Have you ever been convicted of a crime to obtain money to:

a. gamble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y / N

b. pay back a gambling debt? . . . . . . Y / N


________________________________________________

46. (i) Have you ever committed a crime (and not been charged) to get money for

a. gambling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y / N

b. gambling debts? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y / N

c. Prefer not to disclose . . . . . . . . . . . Y / N


_______________________________________________

47. From any money that you have obtained Y/Nillegally in the past, have you used that to gamble?

48. Should a gambling related program become Y/Navailable in custody, would you be interested in participating?

22


If yes, provideexample

Appendix 2 – Consent Form Department of Corrective Services Gambling Survey 2002

23

Appendix 2:

Department of Corrective ServicesSurvey of Gambling Experiences

Date of Interview: _______________________________________

Facility Name: __________________________________________

Offender ID: ____________________________________________

Name of Interviewer: Maryla Rutyna

Information

The Department of Corrective Services in conjunction with Queensland Treasury is conducting research in relation to thedegree of problem gambling within the prisoner population in order to develop program/s and resources that willenable rehabilitation from this type of addictive behaviour.

If you agree to participate you will be asked questions about your gambling in the past. In addition you will be askedsome questions about yourself as a person.

The survey will take between 20 and 30 minutes.

All of your responses will remain confidential, your name will not be linked to any of the responses and nor will it beused in any associated report or other documentation.

The interviewer will not discuss any of your responses to questions with facility staff unless you have given approval.

You may access the main findings of this study through your facility library.

I have been given a verbal and written explanation of the gambling survey in which I have been invited to participate.

I understand what it is about.

I understand that I may withdraw from the project at any time and it will not affect my stay in prison in any way.

I agree to take part in this survey and understand that my identity will not be revealed as a result of this participation.

Signed: _______________________________________ (Prisoner)

February/ March 2002

New Problem Gambling Prevalence Survey 2002 · 2018. 11. 10. · sentenced prisoners in New...

Documents

Transcript of New Problem Gambling Prevalence Survey 2002 · 2018. 11. 10. · sentenced prisoners in New...