New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele...
Transcript of New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele...
![Page 1: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Understanding Groundwater
December 9, 2015
![Page 2: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Speakers
Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator)
Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis
![Page 5: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board
![Page 6: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis
![Page 7: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Understanding Groundwater: The Hidden Resource
![Page 8: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Outline • Groundwater fundamentals
– California groundwater occurrence & general background – Climate change and a new epoch of scarcity – Overdraft & negative consequences
• Non-sustainable storage depletion • Subsidence • Surface water & ecosystem effects • Increased energy costs • Bad water intrusion from aquitards and from depth • Basin salt imbalance • Seawater intrusion
– Sustainable yield • Groundwater myths
– Pumping of “fossil water” is non-sustainable – Groundwater storage depletion always takes a long time to recover – Groundwater levels tell us how much groundwater storage is changing – Quality of most groundwater is degraded – Good quality groundwater today is likely to stay that way – Potential myth: climate change will decrease groundwater recharge
![Page 9: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
California
Water System
http://www.water.ca.gov/maps/allprojects.html
![Page 12: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
![Page 13: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Paul Ullrich CCWAS: Lecture 03 October 7, 2013
Snow Water Storage Slides: Bryan Weare, 2012.
Figure: Mote (2006) Fig 5a: Observed changes in 1 April Snow-Water Equivalent over the 1960 to 2002 period of record from snow course observations.
Definition: Snow-Water Equivalent (SWE) is a common snowpack measurement. It measure the volume of water contained within the snowpack (as a measure of depth).
![Page 14: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
http://www.oehha.ca.gov/multimedia/epic/pdf/ClimateChangeIndicatorsApril2009.pdf
Graham E. Fogg, 2009
![Page 15: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
![Page 16: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The CA Water Quantity Problem
• 8th largest economy in the world. • Produces 50% of nation’s fruits & vegetables
w/ irrigation. • Depends on snow-storage and historically
well-timed snow-melt to satisfy demand. • This system cannot function properly as the
snow pack diminishes due to warming.
![Page 17: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Major Stores of Water….
Snow
Mountain Groundwater
Surface Reservoirs
Alluvial Valley Groundwater (Especially Central Valley)
![Page 18: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Available Central Valley Groundwater Storage Volume
• 10 to 50×106 ac-ft • CA’s 4 largest reservoirs = 13×106 ac-ft (Shasta, Oroville, Trinity, New Melones)
![Page 19: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Two Bank Accounts
Bank Account A (known balance, inputs and outputs)
Bank Account B (unknown balance, inputs and outputs)
Unknown
When Account A is depleted, uncontrolled withdrawals from Account B occur
Surface Water Groundwater
![Page 20: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Major Stores of Water….
Snow
Mountain Groundwater
Surface Reservoirs
Alluvial Valley Groundwater (Especially Central Valley)
![Page 21: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Groundwater and Surface Water
From CA Water Plan 2014
![Page 22: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
UC Water Security and Sustainability Research Initiative
http://ucwater.org [email protected] twitter: @ucwater
![Page 23: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
We apply three perspectives to every project.
12/14/2015 23
INFORMATION
INFRASTRUCTURE
INSTITUTIONS
Connected water resources science &
management Current program foci: • Headwater
Management • Groundwater
Management • Water-Energy Nexus • Intelligent Water
System
![Page 24: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Integrating water-resources data & information systems
Point data, time series
Spatial data, time series x
y
t
Landscape data
Interpolated & blended spatial data
Sensor networks
Well monitoring
Aircraft
Satellite
QA/QC Value-added
Modeling & prediction
Existing data
Basin-scale water balance
Groundwater aquifer water balance
Decision support
Policy & legal data & constraints: water rights, diversions, ecosystems
Water decision making
User interfaces
Core data Custom data
Modeled data
Market, demand & energy data
UC Water Security and Sustainability Research Initiative http://ucwater.org/ Aug 31, 2015
![Page 25: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Winter Fallow Irrigation (Dr. Helen Dahlke, UCD)
![Page 26: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Sutter Bypass, Sutter Co., 1997 flood
![Page 27: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Climate Change and Groundwater: Higher Flooding Risks BUT Greater Recharge??
1997, 1995 Flood Events Sacramento County, CA
Laura Chun/The Sacramento Bee
Flooding and Groundwater Levels
27
![Page 28: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Groundwater Occurrence
![Page 30: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Major Aquifers (http://nationalatlas.gov/natlas/natlasstart.asp)
Volcanics
Alluvial Valleys
Alluvial Valleys, Basin & Range
![Page 31: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
San Joaquin Valley Groundwater (from Faunt, 2009)
Pre-Development
Post-Development
![Page 32: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Saturated zone
Unsaturated zone Water table
Ground water
Land surface
Surface water
Gravel Creviced rock Air
Water (not ground water) held by molecular attraction Surrounds surfaces of rock particles
Approximate level of the water table
All openings below water table full of ground water
Air
34
Groundwater
![Page 35: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Potential energy in confined aquifer
Well
Myth: Old (1,000’s of yrs) groundwater is fossil water that is not replenished enough to support pumping.
Confined Aquifer Schematic (from Driscoll, 1986)
![Page 36: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
![Page 37: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Groundwater Overdraft: Pumping more groundwater than the system can sustain Potential consequences:
• Non-sustainable storage depletion • Subsidence • Surface water & ecosystem effects • Increased energy costs • Bad water intrusion from aquitards and from depth • Basin salt imbalance • Seawater intrusion
![Page 38: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Groundwater Overdraft Trends, Central Valley
![Page 39: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Groundwater Overdraft: Pumping more groundwater than the system can sustain Potential consequences:
• Non-sustainable storage depletion • Subsidence • Surface water & ecosystem effects • Increased energy costs • Bad water intrusion from aquitards and from depth • Basin salt imbalance • Seawater intrusion
![Page 40: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Mining Ground Water
San Joaquin Valley, California
Approximate location of maximum subsidence in the United States identified by Joe Poland (pictured)
![Page 41: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Subsidence Induced Canal Damage
From http://www.rcac.org/pages/714?i=1002
![Page 43: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Groundwater Overdraft: Pumping more groundwater than the system can sustain Potential consequences:
• Non-sustainable storage depletion • Subsidence • Surface water & ecosystem effects • Increased energy costs • Bad water intrusion from aquitards and from depth • Basin salt imbalance • Seawater intrusion
![Page 44: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
From
Alle
y et
al.
(199
9)
![Page 45: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
From Faunt (2009)
![Page 46: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Groundwater Overdraft: Pumping more groundwater than the system can sustain Potential consequences:
• Non-sustainable storage depletion • Subsidence • Surface water & ecosystem effects • Increased energy costs • Bad water intrusion from aquitards and from depth • Basin salt imbalance • Seawater intrusion
![Page 47: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Potential for Water Quality Degradation from Below is Clear and Present, but Unaddressed
![Page 48: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Woodland Area Aquifer System Network (Stephen Maples, HYD 273)
![Page 49: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Groundwater Overdraft: Pumping more groundwater than the system can sustain Potential consequences:
• Non-sustainable storage depletion • Subsidence • Surface water & ecosystem effects • Increased energy costs • Bad water intrusion from aquitards and from depth • Basin salt imbalance • Seawater intrusion
![Page 50: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
The danger of a hydrologic basin losing its outlet….
![Page 51: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
San Joaquin Valley Groundwater (from Faunt, 2009)
Pre-Development
Post-Development
![Page 52: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Mono Lake: Closed Basin
![Page 53: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Groundwater Overdraft: Pumping more groundwater than the system can sustain Potential consequences:
• Non-sustainable storage depletion • Subsidence • Surface water & ecosystem effects • Increased energy costs • Bad water intrusion from aquitards and from depth • Basin salt imbalance • Seawater intrusion
![Page 54: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
![Page 55: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Groundwater Quality is Degrading in Many Systems, But Most of the Groundwater Quality is Still Good
![Page 56: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Age Distribution & Sustainability: Groundwater Ages are Highly Mixed!
![Page 57: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Historic Nitrate Trends, TLB: Exceedance Rate
Percent of wells above half nitrate MCL
Number of wells tested
Percent of wells above natural background
Percent of wells above nitrate MCL
Year
![Page 58: New PowerPoint Template GuidelinesUnderstanding Groundwater December 9, 2015 Speakers Gabriele Ludwig, Almond Board (Moderator) Graham Fogg, University of California, Davis Gabriele](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070100/6001719fc5fd3800c8218480/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Outline • Groundwater fundamentals
– California groundwater occurrence & general background – Climate change and a new epoch of scarcity – Overdraft & negative consequences
• Non-sustainable storage depletion • Subsidence • Surface water & ecosystem effects • Increased energy costs • Bad water intrusion from aquitards and from depth • Basin salt imbalance • Seawater intrusion
– Sustainable yield • Groundwater myths
– Pumping of “fossil water” is non-sustainable – Groundwater storage depletion always takes a long time to recover – Groundwater levels tell us how much groundwater storage is changing – Quality of most groundwater is degraded – Good quality groundwater today is likely to stay that way – Potential myth: climate change will decrease groundwater recharge