New Offshore fish identification cards for small-scale line fisheries · 2019. 4. 8. · Auxis...

Offshore fish identification cards

for small-scale line fisheries

These identification cards are produced by the Pacific Community (SPC) to help improve catch data and statistics from small-scale vessels that regularly target pelagic species. With a better understanding of small-scale vessel catches, regional fisheries managers can ensure that migratory stocks are better managed throughout the range of the stocks and that small-scale fishers get more recognition and support for their contribution to food security and employment at the local community level. The most likely users of these cards are small-scale fishers who actively target pelagic stocks, along with fishery officers who are tasked with monitoring these fisheries. Fisheries training institutions and fishing communities are other potential users.Project co-ordination was done by the Oceanic Fisheries Programme Fisheries Monitoring Section and the Fisheries Information Section, SPC. Most of the colour illustrations are by Les Hata. Others are by Hazel Adams (p. 8, 9, 12, 13, 32, 33, 45, 46, 47 and 48), Jipé Le-Bars (p. 4 and 5) and Rachel O’Shea (p. 27); black and white illustrations courtesy of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). This publication is based on the Marine species identification manual for horizontal longline fishermen by Chapman et al. (2006).

© Pacific Community, 2017Original text: English

Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data

Offshore fish identification cards for small-scale line fisheries / Pacific Community1. Marine fishes – Classification – Oceania.2. Fishery management – Oceania.3. Fishes – Identification – Oceania.

I. Title II. Pacific Community338.3720995 AACR2ISBN: 978-982-00-1082-6

Tunas1

Tunas and other scombrids

First dorsal fin Second dorsal fin

Finlets

Caudal keel

Caudal fin

Anal fin

Pectoral fin

Pelvic fin

Base of second dorsal fin

Base ofanal fin

Tunas and other scombrids2

Second dorsal and anal fins very long

and yellowYFT

Yellowfin tuna

Thunnus albacares

Adults(>70 cm)

Finlets yellowwith no black edge

Notch in caudal

fin

Narrow body, especially

near caudal fin


Finlets bright yellowwith black edge

BET

Bigeye tuna

Thunnus obesus

Adults(>70 cm)

No notch in caudal

fin

Stout body


Pectoral fin reaches base of

second dorsal fin

Pectoral fin tip rounded

Narrow body, especially

near caudal fin

Lines slightly curved, evenly spaced,

separated by lines of spots over most of bodyYFT

Yellowfin tuna

Thunnus albacares

Juveniles(40–70 cm)

Small notch in

caudal fin

Pectoral fins blade-like

Bige

yeYello

w�n

< 120 cm


Pectoral fin tip pointed

Juveniles(40–70 cm)

Nonotch in

caudal fin

Stout body

Pectoral fin often extends beyond base of second dorsal fin

Lines almost straight, unevenly spaced with

a few erratic spots mostly over lower bodyBET

Bigeye tuna

Thunnus obesus Pectoral fins curved

< 120 cm

Bige

yeYello

w�n


Pectoral fin reaches way past base of second dorsal and anal fins

Back edge of caudal fin white or colourless

ALB

Albacore tuna

Thunnus alalunga


Pectoral fin rarely reaches space between dorsal finsLOT

Longtail tuna

Thunnus tonggol

Body slender, especially towards caudal fin

Second dorsal fin taller than

first dorsal fin

Faint rows of colourless spots along belly


Pectoral fin tip does not reach front edge of patterned area

BLT

Bullet tuna

Auxis rochei rochei

Wide space between first and second dorsal fins


Pectoral fin tip reaches beyond front edge of patterned area

FRI

Frigate tuna

Auxis thazard thazardWide space between

first and second dorsal fins


SKJ

Skipjack tuna

Katsuwonus pelamis

Three to five stripes along belly


Black spots, sometimes faded

KAW

Kawakawa

Euthynnus affinis

Narrow space between first and second dorsal fins


BIP

Striped bonito

Sarda orientalis

Numerous stripes, black on upper side, fading on lower side


DBM

Double-lined mackerel

Grammatorcynus bilineatus

Two lateral lines (one on upper side and

one on lower side)

A similar and less common species, Grammatorcynus bicarinatus (not shown), has small black spots along the belly.


WAH

Wahoo

Acanthocybium solandri

Snout as long as rest of head

Snout Rest of head

Lateral line dips under first dorsal fin


COM

Spanish mackerel

Scomberomorus commerson

Snout shorter than rest of head

Snout Rest of head

Lateral line dips after first dorsal fin


DOT

Dogtooth tuna

Gymnosarda unicolor

Obvious wavy lateral line

Cone-shaped (dog-like) teeth in a large mouth

Billfish17

Billfish

First dorsal fin Second dorsal fin

Caudal keels

Caudal fin

First anal fin

Pectoral fin

Pelvic fin

Upper jaw prolonged (bill)

Second anal fin

Billfish18

BUM

Blue marlin

Makaira nigricans

Pectoral fin not rigid – can flatten against body

Dorsal fin height (a) half to three-quarters of greatest body depth (b)(a)

(b)

Billfish19

MLS

Striped marlin

Tetrapturus audax

Pectoral fin not rigid – can flatten against body

Dorsal fin height (a) higher than or sometimes equal to

greatest body depth (b)(a)

(b)

Billfish20

BLM

Black marlin

Istiompax indica

Dorsal fin height (a) about half of

greatest body depth (b)(a)

(b)

Pectoral fin rigid – cannot flatten against body on fish over 40 kg

Billfish21

SWO

Swordfish

Xiphias gladius

Only one caudal keel

Sword-like bill with smooth surface

First and second dorsal fins widely separated

(except if <100 cm)

No pelvic fins

Billfish22

SSP

Shortbill spearfish

Tetrapturus angustirostris

Dorsal fin about same height as body depth

Bill length (a) very short, equal to or shorter than head length (b)

(a)

(b)

Billfish23

SFA

Sailfish

Istiophorus platypterus

Dorsal fin very tall (more than two times body depth)

Jacks24

Jacks

Operculum

Scutes

Pelvic fin

Pectoral finAnal fin

Caudal fin

Second dorsal finFirst dorsal fin

Lateral line

Jacks25

CSX

Bigeye trevally

Caranx sexfasciatus

Small black spot at upper edge of gill cover

White tip on second dorsal and anal fin

Jacks26

RRU

Rainbow runner

Elagatis bipinnulata

Two-rayed finlet behind second dorsal and anal fins

Caudal fin dark in colour and deeply forked

Blue and yellow stripes on side

Jacks27

YTC

Yellowtail amberjack; Kingfish

Seriola lalandi

Single yellow stripe on side

No finlet

Second dorsal, anal and caudal fins yellow

Pectoral fin shorter than pelvic fin

Jacks28

YTL

Longfin yellowtail

Seriola rivoliana

Second dorsal fin four times the height of dorsal fin

Leading edge of pelvic fin and margin of anal fin white

Jacks29

AMB

Greater amberjack

Seriola dumeriliSecond dorsal fin twice the height

of dorsal fin

Extreme tip of lower caudal fin lobe pale or white

Tip of pelvic and anal fin lobes white

Jacks30

BIS

Bigeye scad

Selar crumenophthalmus

Very large eye

Black spot on operculum

Dorsal fins close together

Maximum length: 50 cm

Jacks31

MSD

Mackerel scad

Decapterus macarellus

Black blotch on operculum

Dorsal fins widely separated


Jacks32

GLT

Golden trevally

Gnathanodon speciosus

Juveniles bright yellow with 7–11 black bars.Adults silver with golden belly.

Dark tips on tail

Jacks33

Cottonmouth jack

Uraspis secunda

USE

Adults dark to bluish black. Juveniles with 6-7 dark bands with

pale interspacesInside of mouth and tongue appears bleached-white

Jacks34

TRE

Jacks (other)

Carangidae (other)

Carangoides spp.

Uraspis spp.

Scomberoides spp. Seriola spp.

Decapterus spp.Selar spp. Trachinotus spp.

Caranx spp.

Note: The Carangidae family (jacks) includes 32 genera and about 140 species of highly varied shapes. Jacks are open-water carnivorous fish, usually silvery in colour.

Other important species35

Other important species

First dorsal fin Second dorsal finFinlets

Caudal fin

Caudal keel

Anal finLateral line

Pelvic finPectoral fin

Operculum (gill cover)

Head

Snout


DOL

Common dolphinfish; Mahi mahi

Coryphaena hippurus

Male head shape

Female head shape

Common length: 100 cmMaximum length: 210 cm

Body depth less than 1/4 of standard length

Roundish-shaped tooth patch on tongue

Body

dep

th

Anal fin concave


CFW

Pompano dolphinfish

Coryphaena equiselis


Body depth more than 1/4 of standard length

Body

dep

th

Standard length

Squarish-shaped tooth patch on tongue

Anal fin straight


GBA

Great barracuda

Sphyraena barracuda

Distinctive shaped caudal finBlack spots (normally)

Second dorsal, anal and caudal fins dark with white tips


BAC

Pickhandle barracuda

Sphyraena jello

Second dorsal and caudal fins yellowish

Bars are faint, unevenly spaced and go to just below lateral line


BAB

Blackfin barracuda

Sphyraena qenie

Dark caudal fin with black margin

Two small knobs at centre of caudal finAlmost straight bars



BAN

Sawtooth barracuda

Sphyraena putnamae

Dark caudal fin

Chevron-shaped barsextending well below lateral line



TST

Sickle pomfret

Taractichthys steindachneri

Obviously long first dorsal and anal fins

White margin on caudal fin

Large scales


EBS

Brilliant pomfret

Eumegistus illustris

Distinct shape of caudal fin

Large scales

Juvenile(less than 30 cm)


Pteraclis spp.Pterycombus spp.

Species in this family have:

• Angle of jaw very slanted• Single dorsal fin• Caudal fin of adults

strongly forked

Taractes spp. Brama spp.

Pomfrets (other)

Bramidae (other)

BRZ


Triple tail

Lobotes surinamensis

LOB

Large, rounded posterior lobes of dorsal and anal fins that are equal

to caudal fin in size.


CNT

Rough triggerfish

Canthidermis maculatus

Dark body and fins covered with numerous

whitish blotches


Unicorn leatherjacket filefish

Aluterus monoceros

ALM

Body grey with faint spotting

Slender dorsal spine above eye


Batfish

Platax teira

BAO

Second bar from front of dorsal fin to ventral fin

Large dark blotch above rear edge of ventral fin

Dark to faint bar through eye


RZV

Slender sunfish

Ranzania laevis

Slender body shape

Distinct markings

No protruding “tail”



GEP

Gemfish & snake mackerels

Gempylidae

Species in this family have:

• Large mouth with strong teeth

• Two dorsal fins, second shorter than first

• Pelvic fin very small, often just a single spine with a few or no soft rays

Rexichthys spp.

Rexea spp.

Acanthocybium solandri ..................................................14Albacore tuna ............................................................................6Aluterus monoceros ............................................................47Auxis rochei rochei ..................................................................8Auxis thazard thazard...........................................................9Batfish ..........................................................................................48Bigeye scad ..............................................................................30Bigeye trevally ........................................................................25Bigeye tuna .......................................................................3 & 5Billfish ...........................................................................................17Black marlin ..............................................................................20Blackfin barracuda...................................................................4Blue marlin ................................................................................18Bramidae (other) ...................................................................44Brilliant pomfret .....................................................................43Bullet tuna ....................................................................................8Canthidermis maculatus ..................................................46Caranx sexfasciatus ............................................................25Common dolphinfish ........................................................36Coryphaena equiselis .........................................................37Coryphaena hippurus ........................................................36Cottonmouth jack ................................................................33Decapterus macarellus ......................................................31

Dogtooth tuna .......................................................................16Double-lined mackerel .....................................................13Elagatis bipinnulata ...........................................................26Eumegistus illustris ..............................................................43Euthynnus affinis ..................................................................11Frigate tuna .................................................................................9Gemfish & snake mackerels ...........................................50Gempylidae ..............................................................................50Gnathanodon speciosus ...................................................32Golden trevally .......................................................................32Grammatorcynus bilineatus ...........................................13Great barracuda .....................................................................38Greater amberjack................................................................29Gymnosarda unicolor ........................................................16Istiompax indica ...................................................................20Istiophorus platypterus ......................................................23Jacks ..............................................................................................24Katsuwonus pelamis ..........................................................10Kawakawa .................................................................................11Kingfish .......................................................................................27Lobotes surinamensis .........................................................45Longfin yellowtail .................................................................28Longtail tuna ..............................................................................7

Mackerel scad .........................................................................31Mahi mahi .................................................................................36Makaira nigricans ................................................................18Pickhandle barracuda ........................................................39Platax teira ..............................................................................48Pomfrets (other) ....................................................................44Pompano dolphinfish ........................................................37Rainbow runner .....................................................................26Ranzania laevis .....................................................................49Rough triggerfish .................................................................46Sailfish ..........................................................................................23Sarda orientalis .....................................................................12Sawtooth barracuda ...........................................................41Scomberomorus commerson .........................................15Selar crumenophthalmus ................................................30Seriola dumerili .....................................................................29Seriola lalandi ........................................................................27Seriola rivoliana ....................................................................28Shortbill spearfish ................................................................22Sickle pomfret.........................................................................42Skipjack tuna ...........................................................................10Slender sunfish .......................................................................49Spanish mackerel .................................................................15

Sphyraena barracuda ........................................................38Sphyraena jello ......................................................................39Sphyraena putnamae ........................................................41Sphyraena qenie ...................................................................40Striped bonito ........................................................................12Striped marlin .........................................................................19Swordfish ...................................................................................21Taractichthys steindachneri ............................................42Tetrapturus angustirostris ................................................22Tetrapturus audax ...............................................................19Thunnus alalunga ..................................................................6Thunnus albacares ........................................................ 2 & 4Thunnus obesus .............................................................. 3 & 5Thunnus tonggol ....................................................................7Triple tail .....................................................................................45Tuna and other scombrids ................................................1Unicorn leatherjacket filefish ........................................47Uraspis secunda....................................................................33Wahoo .........................................................................................14Xiphias gladius ......................................................................21Yellowfin tuna ...................................................................2 & 4Yellowtail amberjack ...........................................................27

PACIFIC COMMUNITYBP D5 • 98848 NOUMEA CEDEX • NEW CALEDONIA

Telephone: +687 26 20 00Facsimile: +687 26 38 18Email: [email protected] – Web: http://www.spc.int

Prepared for publication at: Pacific Community headquarters, Noumea, New Caledonia

Printed by Stredder Print Ltd., New Zealand, 2017

Production of these cards was made possible through financial assistance provided by the Australian Government,

and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations Development Program

(UNDP) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF), via the project: Implementation of Global and Regional Oceanic

Fisheries Conventions and Related Instruments in the Pacific Small Island Developing States (PIOFMP-II).

New Offshore fish identification cards for small-scale line fisheries · 2019. 4. 8. · Auxis...

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