NEW MODELS OF SCHOLARHSIP: EXPLORATION & ENGAGEMENT

MOLLY KEENERWAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY

The Duke Endowment Libraries 2011 Symposium

Why do faculty and researchers publish?

impact grant fundingexpectations

moneyengagement

reputationadvancement

others…

A reaction to the restricted flow of information

A reaction to traditional models of control

Technology enables us to do things we couldn’t before

Research doesn’t fit into traditional models

Why develop new models?

Generally enabled by technology

Works both inside and outside of traditional models

Supported by a variety of business models

Commonalities

Moving from this…

Open & free to access

Moving from this…

Transparency

What do we mean by open?

Open to contribution & participation

Open & free to access

Open to use & reuse with few or no restrictions

Open to indexing & machine readable

Open accessPublic access

Open data Open science Open humanities Open education Open books Open peer review…

Open movements

Open access literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.

- Peter Suber

Open Access

Gratis vs. Libre

Gratis: You can read it for free. Anything else, you better ask permission.

Libre: With credit given, OK to text-mine, re-catalog, mirror for preservation, quote, remix, whatever.

Most OA is gratis. You get to “libre” via Creative Commons licensing, usually.

(text from Dorothea Salo)

Two (and a half) Roads to Open Access

1) Open Access Publishing

2) Author archiving

2.5) Hybrid

Publication that is free & open for anyone to access on internet

Journals or books!

6355 OA journals according to Directory of Open Access Journals (as of April 2011) Journals across all disciplines Share common features with toll access journals

Supported by variety of models Institution / funder supported OR author-supported (2006 – 47% author

supported)

Generally allow authors to retain copyright and/or license under Creative Commons

Open Access Publishing

Has taken time for impact factors & reputation to build

Business models still emerging

Author pays model has better traction in the STM community

Issues & Questions

Literature published through traditional channels that is made openly available through deposit in a repository or placing on web site

Institutional, departmental, or discipline based repository

Supported by a range of business models

Range of publisher policies on deposit

Open Archiving/Repositories

1935 Repositories worldwide holding over 28.6M itemsRepository Map from http://maps.repository66.org/

Sustainability sometimes an issue

Participation of faculty (particularly for institutional) Discipline based repositories often rooted in cultures used

to sharing

Often include a range of material including student work, grey literature, theses and dissertations, etc.

For published literature, what can be deposited confusing (post print, pre print, published version?)

Copyright issues murky and (often) frustrating

Issues & Questions

Publisher Price Notes

Elsevier Sponsored Article $3,000 Some journals

Oxford Open $3,000 Some journals; lower price if author from a developing country

Springer Open Choice $3,000 All journals

Wiley OnlineOpen $3,000 Some journals; fees vary

American Chemical Society AuthorChoice

$1,000 – 3,000 Lowest price if institution subscribes & have personal membership

Plant Physiology $1,500 / $500 / Free

OA free for members of ASPB; Discount if non-member but institution subscribes

Hybrid models

Issues & Questions

Mixed business model – subscriptions and author pays on an article by article basis – uncomfortable for many

Relatively low adoption (generally around 1-2%)

What impact on subscription prices?

Many libraries with funds for faculty to publish in OA journals will not fund these articles

Public should have ready and easy access to taxpayer funded research

Linked to idea of open government and transparency

Many legislative efforts in US to alternately halt or expand this

Public Access

Harvard (Faculty of Arts and Sciences, College of Law)

MITKansasOberlin

DukeAnd others!

http://roarmap.eprints.org

Institutional Open Access Policies

Open Data Open access to data not just papers

The rate of discovery is accelerated by better access to data

Actionable data

Funder mandates around management and sharing of data (in some cases)

Open Data

“TeraGrid is the world's largest, most comprehensive distributed cyberinfrastructure for open scientific research.”

Open Science

Digital Humanities

Open Education

Open Books

Open Peer Review

Principle of openness not just about ‘free’

Multiple methods for open access and multiple business models to support – many new models emerging

Public access has traction

Range of movements around ‘openness’ in higher education – libraries should be aware of all

Summary

Because they are the producers and the consumers of the products of scholarly communication

Because they edit journals, sit on editorial boards, provide peer review, and are officers of scholarly societies

Because they are the movers behind many new models of scholarship (often because of their own frustrations with the traditional model)

Because they can make change in ways that libraries struggle to do on their own

So…why engage with faculty?

What are the practices in a particular discipline?

How does the scholarly society(s) approach scholarly publishing and communication?

What’s the culture in the department and college?

What are promotion and tenure requirements?

What’s the faculty point of view?

Discuss scholarly communication issues (especially author rights) with graduate students and work with your Graduate College.

Engage with the research office(s) on campus about funder open access policies.

Share knowledge of copyright, legislative issues, and other current events that may have direct impact.

Bring faculty advocates from other campuses to speak.

Give faculty examples of changes and new models from other similar disciplines.

Let’s engage!

Include scholarly communication in subject librarians jobs & service models

Negotiate for OA archiving with publishers Consider supporting OA author fees Education around copyright and author rights

Have an institutional repository? Get more people involved – catalogers, subject librarians, etc.

Provide technical and organizational infrastructure for publishing journals and other content

What else can we do?

Be curious!

Attribution

Slide 2: “BookCase” http://www.flickr.com/photos/markhillary/ Slide 7: “Super Secret Scientific Room” http://www.flickr.com/photos/cipherswarm/1491046160/ Slide 9: “Open” http://www.flickr.com/photos/jmarty/128010935/ Slide 11: “Hope” http://www.flickr.com/photos/crystalina/6327766/ Slide 13: Text used from Dorothea Salo’s “Open Sesame” Presentation at

http://www.slideshare.net/cavlec/open-sesame-and-other-open-movementsSlide 14: “Two roads were there – 2” http://www.flickr.com/photos/1000/187984223/ Slide 25: “Harvard Widener Library” http://www.flickr.com/photos/mak506/2771080083/Slide 35: “Wikipedia – Art Historian” http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikeeperez/2453225976/ Slide 38: “Curiosity” http://www.flickr.com/photos/emiliodelprado/225161313/ Slide 39: “Slow Down…You Clown!!” http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatboyke/2668411239/

This work is based on works originally created by Sarah L. Shreeves and Joy Kirchner, and was last updated on April 12, 2011 by Molly Keener. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.

ACRL Scholarly Communication Toolkithttp://scholcomm.acrl.ala.org/

Directory of Open Access Journalshttp://www.doaj.org/

Registry of Open Access Repositorieshttp://roar.eprints.org/

Sherpa/Romeo Publisher Copyright Policies & Self-Archivinghttp://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php

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