Before we begin . . . . .

1. Can you explain what is going on in the class? 2. Tell us something about your childhood memory that you still cherish .3. What are your plans after finishing masters?

Learners and Learning

Presented By:Satarupa Sen.Angan Roy.Rinsit Benjamin.Ehsaan Habibi.

Source Luckin, Rosemary. Re-designing

Learning Contexts: Technology-rich, Learner-centred Ecologies. London: Routledge, 2010. Print.

Zone of proximal development

ZPD : Zone of Proximal developmentA socio cultural development

approach.Crystallization of internal process

leading to mental growth.Concepts and learning.

Zone of Proximal Development

“ The discrepancy between a child’s actual mental age and the level he reaches in solving problems with assistance indicates the zone of his proximal development;.…….Experience has shown that the child with the larger zone of proximal development will do much better in school. ”

A note of caution

Z P DNot a single English equivalent

of the Russian term “obuchenie” which describes teaching and learning process.

Term varies between : Instruction, Learning, Teaching.

Behaviourism

Deals with the behavioral approach to a phenomena and objective relationships that does not need to call on mental states.

Timeline . . . . .

Edward Thorndike. (1898).Tolman & Honzik (1930).Miller (1953).Edward Bloom (1956).Selingman (1975).Gagne (1965, 1987).

Constructivism

Genetic epistemology which suggests a manner, knowledge could be constructed.

Scaffolding

Term coined by David Wood.A tutorial assistance to the learner.Involves contingent teaching

strategies.Creates relation between students

and their more able partners in learning.

MAP More Able Partners , usually the

teachers. Assist learners towards cognitive

growth.

Names associated : Wood et al. (1992). Palincsar et al. (1993). Rosson & Carroll (1996). Bliss et al (1996). Mercer (1995).

Zone of Collaboration: Scaffolding Learning through and in the ZPD

Zone of proximal development Definition: ‘…the distance between the actual

developmental level as determined through independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers’ (Vygotsky, 1978, p. 86)

Cognitive apprenticeship Examples Zone of Proximal Development describes the human

development as a socially mediated activity.

1. Birdhouses and mom reading

2. Two 8 yr old pupils at the same actual level of knowledge: different speed of assisted problem-solving: different ZPDs

There is no single point at which the child had developed the skill but didn’t have it before.

Wertsch’s Introduction of 3 Constructs

Situation Definition: describes the manner in which a context

is actively constructed and represented by its operators

Inter subjectivity: exist when two participants share the same

situation definition and know that they share it

Semiotic Mediation: provides the means of communication

and negotiation to support inter subjectivity and situation

redefinition

The Zone of Proximal Adjustment (ZPA)

The ZPA represents a subset of the resources from

the ZAA that are appropriate for a learner’s needs.A= Zone of Available Assistance

B= Zone of Proximal Adjustment

ZPD = Learner & More Able Partner

Zone of Proximal Development

Step 1

• Actual

Step 2

• Present

Step 3

• Potential

ZPD: Summary

Development level is not a point but a range From complete mastery of lower level skills and

knowledge to the upper limit. Actual – potential: in between is present Zone is dynamic. Each knowledge domain has its own zone Varies per person. Society and adult cooperate in creating tools for

development: More Capable Peer or Adult. Inter mental to intra mental.