INFECTION AND IMMUNITYVOLUME 61 * JANUARY 1993 * NUMBER 1

Vincent A. Fischetti, Editor in Chief(1994)

Rockefeller UniversityNew York, N. Y.Barry I. Eisenstein, Editor (1994)Lilly Research LaboratoriesIndianapolis, Ind.

Stanley Falkow, Minireview Editor (1995)Stanford University School ofMedicineStanford, Calif

Dexter H. Howard, Editor (1996)University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Calif.Jerry R. McGhee, Editor (1994)University ofAlabamaBirmingham, Ala.David C. Morrison, Editor (1997)University ofKansas Medical CenterKansas City, Kans.

Carol A. Nacy, Editor (1995)Walter Reed Army Institute ofResearchRockville, Md.Alison O'Brien, Editor (1996)Uniformed Services University of theHealth Sciences

Bethesda, Md.Philippe J. Sansonetti, Editor (1997)Institut PasteurParis, France

EDITORIAL BOARDSoman N. Abraham (1994)Julia W. Albright (1995)Glen Armstrong (1995)Sandra K. Armstrong (1993)Joseph T. Barbieri (1995)Alan G. Barbour (1995)Scott Barnum (1995)Joel B. Baseman (1994)Robert E. Baughn (1993)Patrick Bavoil (1993)Blaine L. Beaman (1994)Jorge L. Benach (1995)D. Kay Blanchard (1995)Martin J. Blaser (1995)Arnold S. Bleiweis (1993)W. Chaunce Bogard (1995)Gregory A. Bohach (1993)Patrick Brennan (1994)David E. Briles (1994)Robert R. Brubaker (1993)Drusilla L. Burns (1994)Gerald Byrne (1994)Richard A. Calderone (1993)Stephen Calderwood (1994)Harlan Caldwell (1993)Priscilla A. Campbell (1993)Janne G. Cannon (1993)Gail H. Cassell (1993)John Chan (1994)Bruce Chassy (1993)Ambrose Cheung (1993)Nicholas P. Cianciotto (1993)Witold Cieplak (1994)John 0. Cisar (1994)Josephine Clark-Curtiss (1993)P. Patrick Cleary (1993)Steven Clegg (1993)John D. Clements (1995)Don B. Clewell (1993)Myron S. Cohen (1993)Paul S. Cohen (1993)R. John Coller (1994)Frank M. Collins (1995)Guy Cornelis (1993)Rebecca Cox (1993)Jorge H. Crosa (1994)Jim E. Cutler (1993)

Charles J. Czuprynski (1995)George S. Deepe, Jr. (1995)Judith E. Domer (1995)Gordon Dougan (1994)Lawrence A. Dreyfus (1993)Roman Dziarski (1993)Robert A. Eisenberg (1993)Toby K. Eisenstein (1993)John H. Eldridge (1995)Charles 0. Elson (1995)N. Cary Engleberg (1995)Joseph C. Fantone m (1993)Joseph J. Ferretti (1995)Dara W. Frank (1993)Rolf G. Freter (1993)Ronald J. Gibbons (1994)Janet R. Gilsdorf (1993)Mae Go (1993)William E. Goldman 1995)Emil Gotschlich (1994)Patricia Guerry-Kopecko (1993)Paul Gulig (1993)Thomas L. Hale (1993)Jane L. Halpern (1993)Shigeyuki Hamada (1993)Eric J. Hansen (1995)David L. Hasty (1994)Richard Hector (1995)Fred Heffron (1993)Erik Hewlett (1993)James B. Hicks (1994)Susan Hollingshead (1995)Jan Holmgren (1994)Anne Morris Hooke (1995)Ralph R. Isberg (1993)Graham Jackson (1995)Matt Jackson (1995)William R. Jacobs, Jr. (1993)James B. Kaper (1994)Stefan H. E. Kaufmann (1995)Paul M. Kaye (1994)Mogens Kilian (1993)Theo N. Kirkland (1995)Hiroshi Kiyono (1995)Dennis J. Kopecko (1995)Malak Kotb (1994)Thomas R. Kozel (1994)

Arnold Kreger (1995)Howard K. Kuramitsu (1994)David Leiby (1995)Myron Levine (1994)Stephen Lory (1993)Carl F. Marrs (1993)Anthony Maurelli (1993)Roderick McCallum (1994)Bruce McClane (1995)John Mekalanos (1995)Eleanor S. Metcalf (1995)Suzanne M. Michalek (1995)Michael L. Misfeldt (1994)Harry Mobley (1995)Robert L. Modlin (1995)Robert N. Moore (1995)Steve L. Moseley (1993)Richard Moxon (1993)Antony J. Mukkada (1993)Martha H. Mulks (1995)Robert S. Munford (1992)Robert S. Munson (1995)Juneann W. Murphy (1993)Thalia I. Nicas (1995)Michael V. Norgard (1995)Robert North (1995)Dennis E. Ohman (1995)Andrew B. Onderdonk (1993)Paul Ormdorff (1993)Michael J. Parmely (1995)Jeffrey Parsonnet (1995)Shelley M. Payne (1994)Kenneth Peterson (1993)William A. Petri, Jr. (1993)Gerald B. Pier (1995)Daniel A. Portnoy (1995)Richard A. Proctor (1993)Justin D. Radolf (1993)Reuben Ramphal (1994)Jonathan I. Ravdin (1995)Richard F. Rest (1993)Judith C. Rhodes (1995)Donald Robertson (1993)Sara W. Rothman (1993)Craig E. Rubens (1994)Michael W. Russell (1994)Roy R. B. Russell (1995)

Catharine Saelinger (1993)James Samuel (1995)Stewart Scherer (1994)Patrick Schlievert (1993)June R. Scott (1993)Penelope G. Shackelford (1995)Alan Sher (1995)Thomas M. Shinnick (1994)Richard P. Silver (1995)Richard Silverstein (1995)Jerry Simecka (1994)Emil Skamene (1994)Jack D. Sobel (1993)P. Frederick Sparling (1993)Walter E. Stamm (1993)George Stewart (1993)Susan C. Straley (1995)Barnet M. Sultzer (1994)Catharina Svanborg (1993)John L. Swanson (1993)Yosifuni Takeda (1994)Martin A. Taubman (1993)Diane W. Ikaiylor (1993)John Thompson (1993)Michael R. Thompson (1993)Trevor J. Trust (1994)Elaine Tuomanen (1993)Rodney K. Tweten (1993)Ivo van de Ron (1993)Thomas E. Van Dyke (1995)Jan D. A. van Embden (1994)Michael L. Vasil (1993)Peter A. Ward (1994)Alison Weiss (1995)Rodney Welch (1993)Tracy D. Wilins (1993)Dwight Williams (1993)Peter H. Williams (1993)Mark E. Wilson (1994)Herbert H. Wimkler (1995)Marcia K. Wolf (1993)Patricia L. Worsham (1993)Priscilla B. Wyrick (1993)Douglas B. Young (1994)Lowell Young (1994)H. Kirk Zeigler (1995)

Barbara H. Iglewski, Chainnan, Publications Board Linda M. Illig, Director, JournalsJack Kenney, Production Editor Julie A. Antolick, Assistant Production Editor

Infection and Immunity, a publication of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), 1325 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20005.4171,is devoted to the advancement and dissemination of fundamental knowledge concerning: (i) infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and parasites;(ii) ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of pathogenic microbes; (iii) mechanisms of pathogenicity and virulence factors such as toxins and microbialsurface structures; (iv) nonspecific factors in host resistance and susceptibility to infection; (v) immunology of microbial infection; and (vi) developmentand evaluation of vaccines against pathogens. Instructions to authors are published in the January issue each year; reprints are available from the editorsand the Journals Division. Infection and Immunity is published monthly, one volume per year. The nonmember print subscription prices are $350 (U.S.)(Canadians add 7% GST) and $410 (other countries) per year; single copies are $40 (Canadians add 7% GST). The member print subscription prices are$51 (U.S.) (Canadians add 7% GST) and $89 (other countries); single copies are $10 (Canadians add 7% GST). For prices of CD-ROM versions, contactthe Subscriptions Unit, ASM. Correspondence relating to subscriptions, defective copies, missing issues, and availability ofback issues should be directedto the Subscriptions Unit, ASM; correspondence relating to reprint orders should be directed to the Reprint Order Unit, ASM; and correspondencerelating to disposition of submitted manuscripts, proofs, and general editorial matters should be directed to the Journals Division, American Society forMicrobiology, 1325 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20005-4171. Phone: (202) 737-3600.Claims for missing issues from residents of the United States, Canada, and Mexico must be submitted within 3 months after publication of the issues;

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Author IndexAbebe, E., 350Abrams, John S., 197Aebischer, Toni, 220Afare, E. A., 268Allen, Stephen J., 103Azuma, Ichiro, 329

Bakker, M. H., 303Baldwin, Cynthia L., 124Barbieri, Joseph T., 307Barbour, Alan G., 81Barker, Steven A., 1Barnes, Peter F., 197Baron, S. S., 182Beaman, Blaine L., 274, 343Beaman, Lovelle, 343Beighton, David, 295Benedetto, Nunzia, 155Bennett, Stephen, 103Bergman, Thomas, 71Betley, Marsha J., 356Beynen, A. C., 303Bhatnagar, Rakesh, 245Borre, Martin, 103Brandt, Mary-Ann, 81Brennan, Patrick J., 338Britton, W. J., 135Brockman, Denise K., 356Brown, Wendy C., 236Brubaker, Robert R., 13, 23,

32Brumfitt, W., 8Bujard, Hermann, 40Bull-Henry, K., 350Burns, Drusilla L., 335Butzler, J.-P., 289

Capron, Andre, 360Cavelier, Lucia, 284Cesbron-Delauw,

Marie-France, 360Chen, Wangxue, 97Chippendale, G. R., 350Cornelis, Guy, 71Cowman, R. A., 182Curry, S. B., 350

Dalsgaard, K., 268Darcy, Francoise, 360Davenport, M. P., 135de L'ero, Gabriella Cipollaro,

155De Mol, P., 289Dertzbaugh, Mark T., 48Desbordes, B. C., 350Dietz, Klaus, 40Dillon, M., 350Dobbelaere, Dirk A. E., 236Doumbo, Ogobara, 40Duncan, J. Robert, 170Dyer, David W., 204Dziegiel, Morten, 103

Eling, W. M. C., 303Ellner, Jerrold J., 338

Elson, Charles O., 48Enright, Frederick M., 1Erdile, Lorne F., 81

Fischer, Anja, 40Frank, Dara W., 307Friedlander, Arthur M., 245Frontin, K., 350Fruh, Klaus, 40Fukushima, Kazuo, 323Furney, Synthia K., 338

Galdiero, Francesco, 155Galdiero, Massimiliano, 155Garbe, Thomas, 260Gargan, R. A., 8Gigliotti, Francis, 97Gilliam, T., 350Goebel, Werner, 162Gorden, Jed, 364Gottschau, Adam, 103

Hakansson, Sebastian, 71Hamilton-Miller, J. M. T., 8Handman, Emanuela, 220Harmsen, Allen G., 97Harn, Donald A., 146Harris, David, 260Hasl0v, Kaare, 56Hausman, Sally Z., 335Havell, Edward A., 97Heegaard, P. M. H., 268Helmby, Helena, 284Hemelhof, W., 289Heron, Iver, 56Heussler, Volker T., 236Hines, Murray E., II, 1Holm, Arne, 56Homer, Karen A., 295Hosaka, Yasuo, 332Hviid, L., 268

Ibsen, Per H., 56Ishikawa, Hitoshi, 91Ivanyi, Juraj, 260

Jakobsen, P. H., 268Jaynes, Jesse M., 1Jenkins, Robert P., 170Jiang, Xiaosui, 124Johnson, Larry, 245

Karunasagar, Iddya, 162Klaasen, H. L. B. M., 303Koita, Ousmane, 40Komatsu, Toshinori, 64Koopman, J. P., 303Krohne, Georg, 162Kulich, Scott M., 307Kuramitsu, Howard K., 117

Lacroix, Ronald P., 170Lampe, Mary F., 213Lathigra, Raju, 260Leitch, Robert A., 170

Leppla, Stephen H., 245Loos, Bruno G., 204Lu, Shuzhuang, 197Lucier, Thomas S., 32

Mancuso, Giuseppe, 227Mays, John P., 81McKenzie, K. R., 135McMurray, David N., 142Mehigh, Richard J., 13Mills-Robertson, K., 350Mobley, H. L. T., 350Modlin, Robert L., 197Moody, Susan F., 220

Naab, T., 350Nagata, Kumiko, 64Nair, G. Balakrish, 289Nakagawa, Taneaki, 332Nakajima, Ryohei, 23Nakamura, Kyohshi, 64N'Diaye, Maimouna, 40Newton, Joseph C., 1Nidiry, J., 350Nkrumah, F. K., 268Nussenzweig, V., 348

Ochiai, Kuniyasu, 323Ohno, Takeshi, 329Okada, Tamami, 323Okamura, Haruki, 64Okuda, Katsuji, 332Olerup, Olle, 103Orme, Ian M., 338Otogoto, Jun-Ichi, 117

Patel, Rupal, 295Peake, P. W., 135Perry, Judith A., 170Perry, Robert D., 32Petersen, Jesper W., 56Pettersson, Ulf, 284Phalen, Susan W., 142Phelps, P. C., 350Poelma, F. G. J., 303Poolman, J. T., 187Purdy, Charles W., 253

Rea, Thomas H., 197R6nia, Laurent, 348Resau, J. H., 350Rice-Ficht, Allison C., 236Richards, James C., 170Richter, Dania, 146Ridley, R. G., 268Riley, Eleanor M., 103Roberts, Alan D., 338Roche, P. W., 135Rowe, Pamela, 103Russell, David G., 338Russell, Michael W., 314

Sadziene, Ariadna, 81Saito, Atsushi, 332Samols, David, 348

Scott, V. F., 350Selander, Robert K., 204Sewchand, J., 350Shimonishi, Yasutsugu, 289Shiratsuchi, Hiroe, 338Sieling, Peter A., 197Sikkema, Daniel J., 32Singh, Yogendra, 245Skinner, Pamela S., 338Small, P. L. C., 364Smoot, D. T., 350Snider, Theron G., III, 1Snippe, H., 187Stamm, Walter E., 213Stok, W., 303Straus, David C., 253Stuber, D., 268Suchland, Robert J., 213Sugimura, Kazuhisa, 329Suzuki, Kumiko, 289

Tagawa, Yuichi, 91Takeda, Tae, 289Takeda, Yoshifumi, 289Tamura, Toshihide, 64Teti, Giuseppe, 227Tetzlaff, Christine L., 236Theander, T. G., 268Tolle, Ralf, 40Tomasello, Francesco, 227Tremaine, Mary T., 356Tripp, Cynthia A., 236Tufano, Maria A., 155

Unbehagen, P. J., 253

Van den Brink, M. E., 303Van der Heijden, P. J., 303Van Gaans, J. A. M., 187Vanooteghem, Jean-Claude,

71Verheul, A. F. M., 187Verhoef, J., 187Vordermeier, Martin, 260

Wahlgren, Mats, 284Warakomski, Don J., 81Weiser, Weishui Y., 338Westrack, Gary J., 81Whittam, Thomas S., 204Wiertz, E. J. H., 187Wolf-Watz, Hans, 71Woods, Vivienne M., 236Wu, Hong-Yin, 314

Xia, Dongyuan, 348

Yamada, Satoru, 332Yamamoto, Koshi, 329Yeung, Maria K., 109Yokoo, Yutaka, 289Young, Douglas, 260Yuasa, Noboru, 91

Zenner, Lionel, 360Zhao, Shumin, 236Zhe, Huang Xiao, 289

Copyright C 1993, American Society for Microbiology

INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

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Title, Running Title, and Byline. Each manuscriptshould present the results of an independent, cohesivestudy; thus, numbered series titles are not permitted.

. .

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

Exercise care in composing a title. Avoid the maintitle/subtitle arrangement, complete sentences, andunnecessary articles. On the title page, include thetitle, running title (not to exceed 54 characters andspaces), name of each author, address(es) of theinstitution(s) at which the work was performed, eachauthor's affiliation, and a footnote indicating thepresent address(es) of any author(s) no longer at theinstitution where the work was performed. Place anasterisk after the name of the author to whom inquiriesregarding the paper should be directed, and give thatauthor's telephone and fax numbers. The BITNET orother electronic mail address of the correspondingauthor, if supplied on the title page of the manuscript,will be included as a footnote in the published article.

Abstract. Limit the abstract to 250 words or fewerand concisely summarize the basic content of thepaper without presenting extensive experimental de-tails. Avoid abbreviations and do not include dia-grams. When it is essential to include a reference, usethe References citation but omit the article title. Be-cause the abstract will be published separately byabstracting services, it must be complete and under-standable without reference to the text.

Introduction. The introduction should supply suffi-cient background information to allow the reader tounderstand and evaluate the results of the presentstudy without referring to previous publications on thetopic. The introduction should also provide the ratio-nale for the present study. Choose references carefullyto provide the most salient background rather than anexhaustive review of the topic.

Materials and Methods. The Materials and Methodssection should include sufficient technical informationto allow the experiments to be repeated. When cen-trifugation conditions are critical, give enough infor-mation to enable another investigator to repeat theprocedure: make of centrifuge, model of rotor, tem-perature, time at maximum speed, and centrifugalforce (x g rather than revolutions per minute). Forcommonly used materials and methods (e.g., mediaand protein determinations), a simple reference issufficient. If several alternative methods are com-monly used, it is helpful to identify the method brieflyas well as to cite the reference. For example, it ispreferable to state "cells were broken by ultrasonictreatment as previously described (9)" rather than"cells were broken as previously described (9)." Thereader should be allowed to assess the method withoutconstant reference to previous publications. Describenew methods completely, and give sources of unusualchemicals, equipment, or microbial strains. Whenlarge numbers of microbial strains or mutants are usedin a study, include tables identifying the sources andproperties of the strains, mutants, bacteriophages,plasmids, etc.A method, strain, etc., used in only one of several

experiments reported in the paper may be described inthe Results section or very briefly (one or two sen-tences) in a table footnote or figure legend.

Results. In the Results section, include the rationaleor design of the experiments as well as the results;reserve extensive interpretation of the results for theDiscussion section. Present the results as concisely aspossible in one of the following: text, table(s), orfigure(s). Avoid extensive use of graphs to presentdata that might be more concisely presented in the textor tables. For example, except in unusual cases,double-reciprocal plots used to determine apparent Kmvalues should not be presented as graphs; instead, thevalues should be stated in the text. Similarly, graphsillustrating other graphic methods commonly used toderive kinetic or physical constants (e.g., reducedviscosity plots and plots used to determine sedimen-tation velocity) need not be shown except in unusualcircumstances. All tabular data must be accompaniedby either standard deviation values or standard errorsof the means. The number of replicate determinations(or animals) used for making such calculations mustalso be included. All statements concerning the signif-icance of the differences observed should be accom-panied by probability values given in parentheses. Thestatistical procedure used should be stated in Materialsand Methods. Limit photographs (particularly photo-micrographs and electron micrographs) to those thatare absolutely necessary to show the experimentalfindings. Number figures and tables in the order inwhich they are cited in the text, and be sure to cite allfigures and tables.

Discussion. The Discussion should provide an inter-pretation of the results in relation to previously pub-lished work and to the experimental system at handand should not contain extensive repetition of theResults section or reiteration of the introduction. Inshort papers, the Results and Discussion sections maybe combined.

Acknowledgments. Acknowledgments of financialassistance and of personal assistance are given inseparate paragraphs. The usual format for acknowl-edgment of grant support is as follows: "This workwas supported by Public Health Service grantCA-01234 from the National Cancer Institute."

Appendixes. Appendixes, which contain supplemen-tary material to aid the reader, are permitted. Titles,authors, and References sections that are distinct fromthose of the primary article are not allowed. If it is notfeasible to list the author(s) of the appendix in thebyline or the Acknowledgment section of the primaryarticle, rewrite the appendix so that it can be consid-ered for publication as an independent article, eitherfull length or Note style. Equations, tables, and figuresshould be labeled with the letter "A" preceding the

IV

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

numeral to distinguish them from those cited in themain body of the text.

References. The References section must include allrelevant sources, and all listed references must becited in the text. Arrange the citations in alphabeticalorder by first author and number consecutively. Abbre-viate journal names according to Serial Sourcesfor theBIOSIS Data Base (BioSciences Information Service,1992). Cite each listed reference by number in the text.Follow the styles shown in the examples below.

1. Alderete, J. F., and D. C. Robertson. 1978. Purificationand chemical characterization of the heat-stable entero-toxin produced by porcine strains of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 19:1021-1030.

2. Berry, L. J., R. N. Moore, K. J. Goodrum, and R. E.Couch, Jr. 1977. Cellular requirements for enzyme inhi-bition by endotoxin in mice, p. 321-325. In D. Schles-singer (ed.), Microbiology-1977. American Society forMicrobiology, Washington, D.C.

3. Cox, C. S., B. R. Brown, and J. C. Smith. J. Gen.Genet., in press.*

4. Dhople, A., I. Ortega, and C. Berauer. 1989. Effect ofoxygen on in vitro growth of Mycobacterium leprae,abstr. U-82, p. 168. Abstr. 89th Annu. Meet. Am. Soc.Microbiol. 1989.

5. Finegold, S. M., W. E. Shepherd, and E. H. Spaulding.1977. Cumitech 5, Practical anaerobic bacteriology. Co-ordinating ed., W. E. Shepherd. American Society forMicrobiology, Washington, D.C.

6. Fitzgerald, G., and D. Shaw. In A. E. Waters (ed.),Clinical microbiology, in press. EFH Publishing Co.,Boston.

7. Gill, T. J., III. 1976. Principles of radioimmunoassay, p.169-171. In N. R. Rose and H. Friedman (ed.), Manualof clinical immunology. American Society for Micro-biology, Washington, D.C.

8. Gustlethwaite, F. P. 1985. Letter. Lancet ii:327.9. Jacoby, J., R. Grimm, J. Bostic, V. Dean, and G. Starke.

Submitted for publication.10. Jensen, C., and D. S. Schumacher. Unpublished data.11. Jones, A. (Yale University). 1990. Personal communica-

tion.12. Leadbetter, E. R. 1974. Order II. Cytophagales nomen

novum, p. 99. In R. E. Buchanan and N. E. Gibbons(ed.), Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology,8th ed. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore.

13. Miller, J. H. 1972. Experiments in molecular genetics, p.352-355. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold SpringHarbor, N.Y.

14. Powers, R. D., W. M. Dotson, Jr., and F. G. Hayden.1982. Program Abstr. 22nd Intersci. Conf. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., abstr. 448.

15. Sacks, L. E. 1972. Influence of intra- and extracellularcations on the germination of bacterial spores, p. 437-442. In H. 0. Halvorson, R. Hanson, and L. L. Camp-bell (ed.), Spores V. American Society for Microbiol-ogy, Washington, D.C.

16. Sigma Chemical Co. 1989. Sigma manual. Sigma Chem-ical Co., St. Louis, Mo.

17. Smith, J. C. April 1970. U.S. patent 484,363,770.18. Smyth, D. R. 1972. Ph.D. thesis. University of Califor-

nia, Los Angeles.19. Yagupsky, P., and M. A. Menegus. 1989. Intraluminal

colonization as a source of catheter-related infection.Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33:2025. (Letter.)

* Note that an "in press" reference to an ASMpublication should state the control number (e.g., IAI576-93) or the name of the publication if it is a book.

NotesSubmit Notes in the same way as full-length papers.

They receive the same review, and they are neitherpublished more rapidly than full-length papers norconsidered preliminary communications. The Noteformat is intended for the presentation of brief obser-vations that do not warrant full-length papers.Each Note must have an abstract of no more than 50

words. Do not use section headings in the body of theNote; report methods, results, and discussion in asingle section. Paragraph lead-ins are permissible. Thetext should be kept to a minimum and if possibleshould not exceed 1,000 words; the number of figuresand tables should also be kept to a minimum. Materialsand methods should be described in the text, not infigure legends or table footnotes. Present acknowledg-ments as in full-length papers, but do not use aheading. The References section is identical to that offull-length papers.

MinireviewsMinireviews are brief summaries (limit of 4 printed

pages) of developments in fast-moving areas. Theymust be based on published articles; they may addressany subject within the scope of IAI. Minireviews maybe either solicited or proffered by authors respondingto a recognized need. Irrespective of origin, mini-reviews are subject to editorial review. Three double-spaced copies must be provided.

Letters to the EditorLetters to the Editor must include data to support

the writer's argument and are intended only for com-ments on articles published previously in the journal.They may be no more than 500 words long. Send lettersto the Journals Division. They will be processed andsent to the editor who handled the article in question.If the editor believes that publication is warranted, hewill solicit a reply from the corresponding author ofthe article and make a recommendation to the editor inchief. Final approval for publication rests with theeditor in chief. All letters intended for publicationmust be typed double spaced.

ErrataThe Erratum section provides a means of correcting

errors (e.g., typographical) in published articles.Changes in data and the addition of new material arenot permitted. Send errata directly to the JournalsDivision.

v

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

Author's CorrectionsThe Author's Correction section provides a means

of adding citations that were overlooked in a publishedarticle. The author who failed to cite a reference andthe author whose paper was not cited must agree tosuch a publication; the editor, editor in chief, andchairman of the Publications Board will not be in-volved. Letters from both authors must accompanythe author's correction sent to the Journals Division.

DisclaimersStatements disclaiming governmental or any other

type of endorsement or approval will be deleted by theJournals Division.

ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLESThe figure number and authors' names should be

written on all figures, either in the margin or on theback (marked lightly with a soft pencil). For micro-graphs especially, the top should be indicated as well.Do not clasp figures to each other or to the manu-

script with paper clips. Insert small figures in anenvelope. To avoid damage in transit, do not submitillustrations larger than 8½ by 11 inches.

Illustrations in published articles will not be re-turned to authors.

Continuous-Tone and Composite PhotographsWhen submitting continuous-tone photographs (e.g.,

polyacrylamide gels), keep in mind the journal pagewidth: 35/16 inches for a single column and 67/8 inchesfor a double column (maximum). Include only thesignificant portion of an illustration. Photos must be ofsufficient contrast to withstand the inevitable loss ofcontrast and detail inherent in the printing process.Submit one photograph of each continuous-tone figurefor each copy of the manuscript; photocopies are notacceptable. If possible, the figures submitted should bethe size they will appear when published so that noreduction is necessary. If they must be reduced, makesure that all elements, including labeling, can with-stand reduction and remain legible.

If a figure is a composite of a continuous-tonephotograph and a drawing or labeling, the originalcomposite must be provided for the printer (i.e., not aphotograph of the composite). This original, labeled"printer's copy," may be sent with the modifiedmanuscript to the editor.

Electron and light micrographs must be direct cop-ies of the original negative. Indicate the magnificationwith a scale marker on each micrograph.

Computer-Generated ImagesAt this time, the highest-quality and simplest repro-

duction of gels (and similar illustrations) continues tobe scanning of author-supplied continuous-tone photo-graphs by the printer. However, ASM recognizes theincreasing use of new technology by authors. Thefollowing information and guidelines will help to en-

sure good reproduction of computer-generated im-ages.The new image-processing software/hardware pro-

duces digitized hard-copy images consisting of pat-terns of dots. To produce the negatives essential forplate making and web printing, the printer must shoot/scan this hard copy through a "screen," which breaksdown the image into dots. When the two sets ofdot patterns are thus combined, the resulting printedimage is often of unacceptable quality. To avoid thisproblem, you may want to consider using a fileinterchange known as tagged image file format (TIFF)or encapsulated postscript (EPS). Files (along withprints, which the copy editor will use for sizing) shouldbe supplied on a floppy disk (either MS-DOS orMacintosh) with the accepted manuscript. For largeimages, 40- or 80-megabyte Syquest cartridges ormagneto-optical cartridges may be used. For transferfrom UNIX systems, either 9-track or 8-mm "tar"archives may be submitted. (Note that floppies, car-tridges, and tapes will not be returned to the author.)Remember that for this method, all final lettering,labeling, tooling, etc., must be incorporated in the finalsupplied material. It cannot be added at a later date.Do not include figure numbers on the images in casefigure order must be changed during the editing pro-cess.

Since the contents of computer-generated imagescan be manipulated for better clarity, the PublicationsBoard at its May 1992 meeting indicated that a descrip-tion of the software/hardware used should be includedin the figure legend(s).

Color PhotographsColor photographs are discouraged. However, if

they are necessary, include an extra copy at the timeof manuscript submission so that a cost estimate forprinting may be obtained. The cost of printing colorphotographs must be borne by the author.

DrawingsSubmit graphs, charts, complicated chemical or

mathematical formulas, diagrams, and other drawingsas glossy photographs made from finished drawingsnot requiring additional artwork or typesetting. Com-puter-generated graphics produced on high-quality la-ser printers are also usually acceptable. No part of thegraph or drawing should be handwritten. Both axes ofgraphs must be labeled. Most graphs will be reduced toone-column width (35/16 inches), and all elements inthe drawing should be large enough to withstand thisreduction. Avoid heavy letters, which tend to close upwhen reduced, and unusual symbols, which the printermay not be able to reproduce in the legend.

In figure ordinate and abscissa scales (as well as intable column headings), avoid ambiguous use of num-bers with exponents. Usually, it is preferable to usethe International System of Units (,u for 10-6, m for10-3, k for 103, M for 106, etc.). A complete listing of

Vi

INSTRUCIIONS TO AUTHORS

SI symbols can be found in the International Union ofPure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) "Manual ofSymbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quan-tities and Units" (Pure Appl. Chem. 21:3-44, 1970).Thus, a representation of 20,000 cpm on a figureordinate is to be made by the number 20, accompaniedby a label kcpm.When powers of 10 must be used, the journal

requires that the exponent power be associated withthe number shown. In representing 20,000 cells per ml,the numeral on the ordinate would be "2" and thelabel would be "104 cells per ml" (not "cells per ml x10-4"). Likewise, an enzyme activity of 0.06 U/mlwould be shown as 6, accompanied by the label 10-2U/ml. The preferred designation would be 60 mU/mllabeled as mU (or milliunits) per ml.

Presentation of Nucleic Acid SequencesNucleic acid sequences of limited length which are

the primary subject of a study may be presentedfreestyle in the most effective format. Longer nucleicacid sequences must be presented in the followingformat to conserve space. Submit the sequence ascamera-ready copy of dimensions 8½ by 11 inches (orslightly less) in standard (portrait) orientation. Printthe sequence in lines of 100 bases, each in a nonpro-portional (monospace) font which is easily legiblewhen published at 100 bases/6 inches. Uppercase andlowercase letters may be used to designate the exon/intron structure, transcribed regions, etc., if the low-ercase letters remain legible at 100 bases/6 inches.Number the sequence line by line; place numerals,representing the first base of each line, to the left of thelines. Minimize spacing between adjacent lines ofsequence, leaving room only for annotation of thesequence. Annotation may include boldface, underlin-ing, brackets, boxes, etc. Encoded amino acid se-quences may be presented, if necessary, immediatelyabove the first nucleotide of each codon, using thesingle-letter amino acid symbols. Comparisons of mul-tiple nucleic acid sequences should conform as nearlyas possible to the same format.

Figure LegendsLegends should provide enough information so that

the figure is understandable without frequent referenceto the text. However, detailed experimental methodsmust be described in the Materials and Methodssection, not in a figure legend. A method that is uniqueto one of several experiments may be reported in alegend only if the discussion is very brief (one or twosentences). Define all symbols and abbreviations usedin the figure that have not been defined elsewhere.

TablesType each table on a separate page. Arrange the

data so that columns of like material read down, notacross. The headings should be sufficiently clear sothat the meaning of the data will be understandable

without reference to the text. See the Abbreviationssection of these instructions for those that may be usedin tables. Explanatory footnotes are acceptable, butmore extensive table "legends" are not. Footnotesshould not include detailed descriptions of the exper-iment. Tables must include enough information towarrant table format; those with fewer than six piecesof data will be incorporated into the text by the copyeditor. A well-constructed table is shown below.

Tables that can be photographically reproduced forpublication without further typesetting or artwork are

TABLE 1. Trapping of previously perfused piliatedS. typhimunum by mouse livers

% Recovery ia: TotalBacteria

Liver Perfusate recovery

Control 60.1 + 11.2 46.2 ± 10.5 106.2 ± 87Previously 39.4 8.4b 66.2 9.5b 105.6 ± 10.3

perfuseda Mean + standard deviation of at least seven experiments.b p < 0.001 versus control by the White rank order method (21).

referred to as "camera ready." They should not behand lettered and must be carefully prepared to con-form with the style of the journal. The advantage ofsubmitting camera-ready copy is that the material willappear exactly as envisioned by the author, and nosecond proofreading is necessary. This is particularlyadvantageous when there are long, complicated tablesand when the division of material and spacing areimportant.

NOMENCLATURE

Chemical and Biochemical NomenclatureThe recognized authority for the names of chemical

compounds is ChemicalAbstracts (Chemical AbstractService, Ohio State University, Columbus) and itsindexes. The Merck Index (llth ed., 1989; Merck &Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J.) is also an excellent source.For biochemical terminology, including abbreviationsand symbols, consult Biochemical Nomenclature andRelated Documents (1978; reprinted for The Biochem-ical Society, London) and the instructions to authorsof the Journal of Biological Chemistry and the Ar-chives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (first issues ofeach year).Do not express molecular weight in daltons; molec-

ular weight is a unitless ratio. Molecular mass isexpressed in daltons.For enzymes, use the recommended (trivial) name

assigned by the Nomenclature Committee of the In-ternational Union of Biochemistry as described inEnzyme Nomenclature (Academic Press, Inc., 1992).If a nonrecommended name is used, place the proper(trivial) name in parentheses at first use in the abstractand text. Use the EC number when one has been

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INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

assigned, and express enzyme activity either in katals(preferred) or in the older system of micromoles perminute.

Amino Acid Sequences

Single-letter designations, rather than three-letterdesignations, should be used for sequences of aminoacids.

Drugs

Chemical or generic names of drugs should be used;the use of code numbers or trade names is not permit-ted.

Nomenclature of Microorganisms

Binary names, consisting of a generic name and aspecific epithet (e.g., Escherichia coli), should be usedfor all microorganisms. Names of higher categoriesmay be used alone, but specific and subspecific epi-thets may not. A specific epithet must be preceded bya generic name the first time it is used in a paper.Thereafter, the generic name should be abbreviated tothe initial capital letter (e.g., E. coli), provided therecan be no confusion with other genera used in thepaper. Names of all taxa (phyla, classes, orders,families, genera, species, and subspecies) are printedin italics and should be underlined (or italicized) in themanuscript; strain designations and numbers are not.The spelling of names should follow the Approved

Lists ofBacterial Names (amended edition) (V. B. D.Skerman, V. McGowan, and P. H. A. Sneath, ed.) andthe Index of the Bacterial and Yeast NomenclaturalChanges Published in the International Journal ofSystematic Bacteriology since the 1980 ApprovedLists ofBacterial Names (1 January 1980 to 1 January1989) (W. E. C. Moore and L. V. H. Moore, ed.), bothpublished by the American Society for Microbiologyin 1989, and the validation lists and articles publishedin the Intemational Journal of Systematic Bacteriol-ogy since 1 January 1989. If there is reason to use a

name that does not have standing in nomenclature, thename should be enclosed in quotation marks and an

appropriate statement concerning the nomenclaturalstatus of the name should be made in the text (for anexample, see Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30:547-556, 1980).

It is recommended that a strain be deposited in a

recognized culture collection when that strain is nec-

essary for the description of a new taxon (see Bacte-riological Code, 1990 Revision, American Society forMicrobiology, 1992).

Since the classification of fungi is not complete, it isthe responsibility of the author to determine the ac-cepted binomial for a given organism. Some sourcesfor these names include The Yeasts: a TaxonomicStudy, 3rd ed. (N. J. W. Kreger-van Rij, ed., ElsevierScience Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, 1984) andAinsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi, In-

cluding the Lichens, 7th ed. (Commonwealth Myco-logical Institute, Kew, Surrey, England, 1983).

Microorganisms, viruses, and plasmids should begiven designations consisting of letters and serial num-bers. It is generally advisable to include a worker'sinitials or a descriptive symbol of locale, laboratory,etc., in the designation. Each new strain, mutant,isolate, or derivative should be given a new (serial)designation. This designation should be distinct fromthose of the genotype and phenotype, and genotypicand phenotypic symbols should not be included.A registry of plasmid designations is maintained by

the Plasmid Reference Center, Department of MedicalMicrobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94304.

Genetic NomenclatureBacteria. The genetic properties of bacteria are

described in terms of phenotypes and genotypes. Thephenotype describes the observable properties of anorganism. The genotype refers to the genetic constitu-tion of an organism, usually in reference to somestandard wild type. Use the recommendations of De-merec et al. (Genetics 54:61-76, 1966) as a guide to theuse of these terms. If your manuscript contains infor-mation including genetic nomenclature, please refer tothe Instructions to Authors in the January issue of theJournal of Bacteriology.

Conventions for naming genes. It is recommendedthat new genes whose function is yet to be establishedbe named by one of the following methods. (i) Whenapplicable, the new gene may be given the same nameas a homologous gene already identified in anotherorganism. (ii) The gene may be given a provisionalname based on its map location in the style yaaA,analogous to the style used for recording transposoninsertions (zef) as discussed below. (iii) A provisionalname may be given in the style described by Demerecet al. (e.g., usg, for gene upstream offolC).

"Mutant" vs. "mutation." Keep in mind the distinc-tion between a mutation (an alteration of the primarysequence of the genetic material) and a mutant (astrain carrying one or more mutations). One mayspeak about the mapping of a mutation, but one cannotmap a mutant. Likewise, a mutant has no geneticlocus, only a phenotype.

Transposable elements, plasmids, and restriction en-zymes. Nomenclature of transposable elements (inser-tion sequences, transposons, phage Mu, etc.) shouldfollow the recommendations of Campbell et al. (Gene5:197-206, 1979), with the modifications given in sec-tion vi. The system of designating transposon inser-tions at sites where there are no known loci, e.g.,zef-123::Tn5, has been described by Chumley et al.(Genetics 91:639-655, 1979). Whenever possible, usethe nomenclature recommendations of Novick et al.(Bacteriol. Rev. 40:168-189, 1976) for plasmids and

* .i.

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

plasmid-specified activities, of Low (Bacteriol. Rev.36:587-607, 1972) for F-prime factors, and of Roberts(Nucleic Acids Res. 17:r347-r387, 1989) for restric-tion enzymes and their isoschizomers. RecombinantDNA molecules, constructed in vitro, follow the no-menclature for insertions in general. DNA insertedinto recombinant DNA molecules should be describedby using the gene symbols and conventions for theorganism from which the DNA was obtained. ThePlasmid Reference Center (E. Lederberg, PlasmidReference Center, Department of Microbiology andImmunology, 5402, Stanford University School ofMedicine, Stanford, CA 94305-2499) assigns Tn andIS numbers to avoid conflicting and repetitive useand also clears nonconflicting plasmid prefix designa-tions.

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS

Patient IdentificationWhen isolates are derived from patients in clinical

studies, do not identify them by using the patients'initials, even as part of a strain designation. Changethe initials to numerals or use randomly chosen letters.Do not give hospital unit numbers; if a designation isneeded, use only the last two digits of the unit. (Note:Established designations of some viruses and celllines, although they consist of initials, are acceptable[e.g., JC virus, BK virus, HeLa cells].)

Verb TenseASM strongly recommends that for clarity you use

the past tense to narrate particular events in the past,including the procedures, observations, and data ofthe study that you are reporting. Use the present tensefor your own general conclusions, the conclusions ofprevious researchers, and generally accepted facts.Thus, most of the abstract, Materials and Methods,and Results sections will be in the past tense, and mostof the introduction and some of the Discussion will bein the present tense.Be aware that it may be necessary to vary the tense

in a single sentence. For example, it is correct to say"White (30) demonstrated that XYZ cells grow at pH6.8," "Figure 2 shows that ABC cells failed to grow atroom temperature," and "Air was removed from thechamber and the mice died, which proves that micerequire air." In reporting statistics and calculations, itis correct to say "The values for the ABC cells arestatistically significant, indicating that the drug inhib-ited...."For an in-depth discussion of tense in scientific

writing, see p. 158-160 in How to Write and Publish aScientific Paper, 3rd ed.

AbbreviationsGeneral. Abbreviations should be used as an aid

to the reader, rather than as a convenience to the

author, and therefore their use should be limited.Abbreviations other than those recommended by theIUPAC- IUB (Biochemical Nomenclature and Re-lated Documents, 1978) should be used only when acase can be made for necessity, such as in tables andfigures.

It is often possible to use pronouns or to paraphrasea long word after its first use (e.g., "the drug," "thesubstrate"). Standard chemical symbols and trivialnames or their symbols (folate, Ala, Leu, etc.) may beused for terms that appear in full in the neighboringtext.

It is strongly recommended that all abbreviationsexcept those listed below be introduced in the firstparagraph in Materials and Methods. Alternatively,define each abbreviation and introduce it in parenthe-sis the first time it is used; e.g., "cultures were grownin Eagle minimal essential medium (MEM)." Gener-ally, eliminate abbreviations that are not used at leastfive times in the text (including tables and figurelegends).

Not requiring introduction. In addition to abbrevia-tions for Systeme International d'Unites (SI) units ofmeasurement, other common units (e.g., bp, kb, andDa), and chemical symbols for the elements, thefollowing should be used without definition in the title,abstract, text, figure legends, and tables: DNA (deoxy-ribonucleic acid); cDNA (complementary DNA);RNA (ribonucleic acid); cRNA (complementaryRNA); RNase (ribonuclease); DNase (deoxyribonu-clease); rRNA (ribosomal RNA); mRNA (messengerRNA); tRNA (transfer RNA); AMP, ADP, ATP,dAMP, ddATP, GTP, etc. (for the respective 5' phos-phates of adenosine and other nucleosides) (add2'-, 3'-, or 5'- when needed for contrast); ATPase,dGTPase, etc. (adenosine triphosphatase, deoxygua-nosine triphosphatase, etc.); NAD (nicotinamide ade-nine dinucleotide); NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinu-cleotide, oxidized); NADH (nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide, reduced); NADP (nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide phosphate); NADPH (nicotinamide ade-nine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced); NADP+ (nic-otinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, oxidized);poly(A), poly(dT), etc. (polyadenylic acid, polyde-oxythymidylic acid, etc.); oligo(dT), etc. (oligodeoxy-thymidylic acid, etc.); Pi (orthophosphate); PPi (pyro-phosphate); UV (ultraviolet); PFU (plaque-formingunits); CFU (colony-forming units); MIC (minimalinhibitory concentration); MBC (minimal bactericidalconcentration); Tris [tris(hydroxy methyl)aminometh-ane]; DEAE (diethylaminoethyl); A260 (absorbance at260 nm); EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid); andAIDS (acquired immunodeficiency [or immune defi-ciency] syndrome). Abbreviations for cell lines (e.g.,HeLa) also need not be defined.The following abbreviations should be used without

definition in tables:

1X

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

amt (amount)approx (approximately)avg (average)concn (concentration)diam (diameter)expt (experiment)exptl (experimental)ht (height)mo (month)mol wt (molecular weight)no. (number)prepn (preparation)SD (standard deviation)

Reporting Numerical Data

SE (standard error)SEM (standard error of themean)

sp act (specific activity)sp gr (specific gravity)temp (temperature)tr (trace)vol (volume)vs (versus)wk (week)wt (weight)yr (year)

Standard metric units are used for reporting length,weight, and volume. For these units and for molarity,use the Vrefixes m, ,u, n, and p for 10-3, 10-6, 10-9,and 10 , respectively. Likewise, use the prefix kfor 103. Avoid compound prefixes such as m,u or RR,.Use ,ug/ml or ,ug/g in place of the ambiguous ppm.Units of temperature are presented as follows: 37°C or324 K.When fractions are used to express units such as

enzymatic activities, it is preferable to use wholeunits, such as "g" or "min," in the denominatorinstead of fractional or multiple units, such as p,g or 10min. For example, "pmol/min" would be preferable to"nmol/10 min," and ",umol/g" would be preferable to"nmol/,ug." It is also preferable that an unambiguousform such as the exponential notation be used; forexample, ",pmol g' min 1is preferable to ",umol/g/min."

See the CBE Style Manual, 5th ed., for more de-tailed information about reporting numbers. Also con-tained in this source is information on SI units for thereporting of illumination, energy, frequency, pressure,and other physical terms. Always report numericaldata in the applicable SI units.

Isotopically Labeled CompoundsFor simple molecules, labeling is indicated in the

chemical formula (e.g., 14co2, 3H20, H235S04).Brackets are not used when the isotopic symbol isattached to the name of a compound that in its naturalstate does not contain the element (e.g., 32S-ATP) orto a word which is not a specific chemical name (e.g.,131I-labeled protein, 14C-amino acids, 3H-ligands,etc.).For specific chemicals, the symbol for the isotope is

placed in square brackets directly preceding the part ofthe name that describes the labeled entity. Note thatconfiguration symbols and modifiers precede the iso-topic symbol. The following examples illustrate cor-rect usage:

[14C]ureaL-[methyl-14C]methionine[2,3-3H]serine[a- 4C]lysine

UDP-[U-'4C]glucoseE. coli [32P]DNAfructose 1,6-[1-32P]bisphosphate[y-32P]ATP

This journal follows the same conventions for iso-topic labeling as the Journal ofBiological Chemistry,and more detailed information can be found in theinstructions to authors of that journal (first issue ofeach year).

x

1993 APPLICATION FOR FULL MEMBERSHIP IN THEAMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY

1325 Massachusetts Ave. NW* Washington, DC 20005-4171 * (202) 737-3600* FAX (202) 737-0368

Eligibility ASM welcomes to full membership anyone who is interested in its objectives and has a minimum of a bachelor's degree or equivalentin microbiology or a related field.

Initiation Memberships are initiated and renewed in January each year Unless there are directions to the contrary, membership nomina-tions received prior to September 1 are credited to the current year, and back issues of the selected publications for the currentyear are furnished, if available. Nominations received after September 1 will become effective the following January.

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(CIRCLE ONE) MRS. MR. FIRST INITIAL LASTMAIL NAME

AS YOU WANT IT TO APPEAR ON YOUR MAILING LABELADDRESS

STATE/PROVINCE ZIP/POSTAL CODE COUNTRY

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SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT-*NOMINATED BY SIGNATURE_ OF_ASM _MEMBER

ICif,NATiROP~Fl AMA MAFMARFR.MEMBER# L

__ DATE

'If you are not associated with an ASM nominating member, you can still apply for membership and we will contact you if there is a problem

Member How did you first learn about the ASM? (Check one):Information oI A colleague O An ASM journal LO An ASM Branch H1 Direct mail inquiry

I A professor O A workshop, conference or meeting n] An advertisement in ASM journal

Annual dues for 1993 are $75. Dues include ASM News (monthly) and a $51 credit which may be deducted from the totalcost of the journal(s) you purchase at the special membership rates indicated below.

Journals o Enclosed is my dues payment (U.S. Dollarsonly).............$75O Please send me the following ASM journal(s) at Member Price(s):

U.S. & Canada Non-U.S.Air Drop Airmail

For CD-ROM select: DOS MAC O Print CD-ROM Print & Print CD-ROM Print & PrintOnly Only CD-ROM Only Only CD-ROM Only

Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy $49 $151 $200 $84 $181 $265 $224

Applied & Environmental Microbiology.. $50 $152 $202 $86 $182 $268 $221

Molecular& Cellular Biology $80 $155 $235 $105 $185 $290 $445

Clinical Microbiology Reviews $20 $75 $95 $34 $90 $124 $74

Infection & Immunity $51 $153 $204 $89 $183 $272 $289

Int'l Journal of Systematic Bact $35 $76 $111 $44 $91 $135 $84

Journal of Bacteriology $79 $154 $233 $104 $184 $288 $439

Journal of Clinical Microbiology $46 $150 $196 $77 $180 $257 $222

Journal of Virology $81 $156 $237 $106 $186 $292 $441

Microbiological Reviews $25 $79 $104 $39 $94 $133 $79

ASM News ...... ...................... $0 . N/A .. N/A .. $0 .. N/A N/A $80

To receive a program for the General Meeting and ICAAC Total Journal Fees $Conference, you must register for the meeting. The cost of CANADIANS SHOULD ADD 7% GSTthe program is included in the registration fee. For your Subtract your $51 Member Journals Creditinformation, abbreviated programs and advance information

for each meeting will be included in ASM News. Subtotal (if less than zero, enter zero) $Add your $75 Membership Dues

Total (Dues plus Journals). If total is less than $75.00, enter $75 $

AmountAAAECBCMIAIJ

JBJC

JV

MR

- 51

+ 75

PAYMENT IN U.S. DOLLARS MUST ACCOMPANY APPLICATIONA membership card, voting division form, ASM Placement Service Information and the tournal(s) of your choice will be sent within 90 days upon completion of

processing. ASM dues are tax deductible to the extent permitted by law. ASM designates $13 of your dues for ASM News. Rates are for 1993 only.Applicants must remit in U.S. Dollars by check or draft payable to ASM through a U.S. bank located within the Continental U.S. Applicants from Canada may

use check made out in U.S. Dollars and drawn on a Canadian bank or applicants may choose to pay with VISA, MasterCard. Eurocard. or American Express.If that is your preference, please fill in the box below.

IAI 1/93

Dues

1993 APPLICATION FOR STUDENT MEMBERSHIP IN THEAMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY

1325 Massachusetts Ave. NW *Washington, DC 20005-4171 * (202) 737-3600 * FAX (202) 737-0368

Eligibility Any matriculated student majoring in microbiology or a related field who has not earned a doctoral degree is eligible for electionas a Student Member Student Members have all the privileges of membership except the right to vote and hold office in theSociety. Student Members receive ASM Ne%s monthly and are entitled to subscribe to the Society's scientfic journals at member rates.

Initiation Memberships are initiated and renewed in January each year Unless there are directions to the contrary, membership nomina-tions received prior to September 1 are credited to the current year and back issues of the selected publications for the currentyear are furnished, if available. Nominations received after September 1 will become effective the following January.

missNANIE Ms.

(CIRCLE ONE) MRS. MR. FIRST INITIAL LASTMAIL NAME

AS YOU WANT IT TO APPEAR ON YOUR MAILING LABELADDRESS

WHERE YOU WANT TO RECEIVE YOUR SUBSCRIPTIONS

STATE/PROVINCE ZIP/POSTAL CODE COUNTRYPHONE ( (01 ) YEAR OF BIRTH SEX

OFFICE (01) HOMIE (02)HIGHEST DEGREE MAJOR FIELD OF STUDY

SCHOOL

SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT DATESIGNATURE OF CHAIRMANOF MAJOR DEPARTMENT MEMBER #l l l

*NOM'NATED BY______________ ______MEMBER #l lSIGNATURE OF ASM MEMBER

'If your departmental chairman is a member of the ASM. a nominating signature is not required if you are not associated with an ASM nominating member, youcan still send in this member appiication form and we will contact you Be sure to include your dues

Member How did you first learn about the ASM? (Check one):Information o A colleague El An ASM journal rI Presenting a paper at an ASM meeting

El A professor L:I An ASM Branch An advertisement in ASM journal Direct mail inquiry

Journals Please check:O Enclosed is my dues payment (U.S. Dollars only) ..........................................

El Please send me the following ASM journal(s) at Member Price(s):.... ....$15

U.S. & Canada Non-U.S.Air Drop Airmail

For CD-ROM select: DOS O MAC D Print CD-ROM Print & Print CD-ROM Print & PrintOnly Only CD-ROM Only Only CD-ROM Only Amount

Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy.. $49. $151 .. $200 .. $84 .. $181 .. $265 .. $224 AMApplied & Environmental Microbiology.. $50. $152 .. $202 .. $86 .. $182 .. $268 .. $221 AEMolecular& Cellular Biology ..................$80 $155 .. $235 .. $105 .. $185 .. $290 .. $445 CBClinical Microbiology Reviews $20. $75.. $95 .. $34 .. $90 .. $124...$74...4CMInfection & Immunity ............................. $51. $153 .. $204 .. $89 .. $183 .. $272 .. $289 IAlnt'l Journal of Systematic Bact ............. $35. $76 .. $111 .. $44 .. $91 .. $135 ...$84..8 IJJournal of Bacteriology ........................... $79. $154 .. $233 .. $104 .. $184 .. $288 .. $43939_ JBJournal of Clinical Microbiology..............$46. $150 .. $196 .. $77 .. $180 .. $257 .. $222 JCJournal ofVirology ............................. $81. $156 .. $237 .. $106.. $186 .. $292 .. $441 JVMicrobiological Reviews ......................... $25. $79 .. $104 .. $39 .. $94 .. $133 .. $79 MRASM News ......... .................... $0 . N/A .. N/A .. $0 .. N/A .. N/A .. $80To receive a program for the General Meeting and ICAAC Total Journal Fees $Conference, you must register for the meeting. The cost of the CANADIANS SHOULD ADD 7% GSTprogram is included in the registration fee. For your informa- Add your $15 Membership Dues +15tion, abbreviated programs and advance information for each Total $meeting will be included in ASM News.

PAYMENT IN U.S. DOLLARS MUST ACCOMPANY APPLICATIONA membership card, division registration form, and the iournal(s) of your choice will be sent within 90 days upon completion of processing. ASM dues are tax

deductible to the extent permitted by law. ASM designates $12 of your dues for ASM News. Rates are for 1993 only.Applicants must remit in U.S. Dollars by check or draft payable to ASM through a U.S. bank located within the Continental U.S. Applicants from Canada may

use check made out in U.S. Dollars and drawn on a Canadian bank or applicants may choose to pay with VISA, MasterCard, Eurocard, or American Express.If that is your preference, please fill in the box below.

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