New Imperialism

Why did they do it?Europeans wanted direct control over vast territories

What countries controlled what parts of Southeast Asia?

Who owned it What they owned When and how they got it

Spain (until 1898)

United States (after 1898)

France

Great Britain

Who controlled what?

Great Britain

Singapore: founded by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles and was a stopping point on the way to China

Burma: wanted to use Burma to protect its possessions in India and gain a land route to China

France

Vietnam: French forced them to accept French protection in order to keep British from monopolizing trade Eventually controlled Saigon and Mekong River Delta

and then slowly gained control over the rest of the country

Indochina: Later gained control over Cambodia, Annam, Tonkin, and Loas which they combined into a new Union of French Indochina

The United States

Inherited the Philippines from Spain after winning the Spanish-American War in 1898

President McKinely made it a colony because he wanted to “civilize” other countries.

The Philippines also gave them a jumping off point for trade with china

Indirect Rule

Local rulers maintained their authority by cooperating with their foreign rulers. It made government cheaper because less officials

had to be trained Allowed local culture to continue; did not interfere

with the customs of the people

Direct Rule

When local elites are replaced with officials from the colonial power Used only when colonial rule was strongly opposed

Colonial Economies

Led to a plantation agriculture because colonial powers wanted to export more goods Native people worked for low wages in bad conditions

so that foreign investors could make more moneyColonial rule did lead to the beginning of a

modern economic systemColonial governments built railroads,

highways and other structures

Thailand

The only remaining free state from Southeast Asia

Rulers promoted western learning and maintained friendly relations with major European powers

Resistance to colonial rule

Eventually the generation raised with western style education in the new urban-middle class created by colonization began to revolt Europeans created their own worst nightmare