NEW HORIZON PUBLIC SCHOOL CLASS - 4 (TERM-1) SESSION …nhps.co.in/Assignment...

NEW HORIZON PUBLIC SCHOOL

CLASS - 4 (TERM-1)

SESSION 2020-21

SUBJECT – ENGLISH

SUPPORT MATERIAL

Ch-2 : Along the Yellow Brick Road

Word Meanings (troublesome – something that causes worry, groan – a long deep sound made because of pain , stir - move , grateful – being thankful for someone’s help)

Antonyms (beautiful - ugly, light - dark, deep - shallow, found - lost , politely - rudely)

Homophones (piece - peace, road - rode, meet - meat, ate - eight , See - sea)

Ch 4: Articles (A, An, The)

Articles are words that refers to or point out the Noun. There are three Articles in English grammar ‘The’ ,’an’ and ‘a’. They are categorized into two broad categories. Definite and Indefinite.

An – The words starts with a vowel sound will take an before them.

Example – This is an Umbrella

A – Anything which is not a vowel is a consonant A is used with the words starting with the consonant sound.

Example – I have a banana.

The - The is used to describe the nouns which are specific (mentioned before).

Example – Can you give me the red bag?

Ch 18: Capital letters and Punctuation marks (grammar)

Capital letter - Capital letters are used to show the beginning of a sentence. We use a Capital letter to write the names of places , people, days, months, monuments, etc.

Example – Rahul is an intelligent student.

Punctuations marks – Punctuation makes our writing clear and easy to understand. Punctuation makes us understand, what kind of sentences it is and what kind of feeling is Expressed.

Some punctuation marks are as follows:-

1. Full Stop (.)

2. Question mark (?)

3. Comma (,)

4. Exclamation mark (!)

Example – Wow! You are brilliant.

I ate idli, sambhar in the breakfast.

Do you play football?

Apostrophe – An Apostrophe is used show possession it means something belongs to somebody or someone belongs to somebody.

Example – This is Geeta’s Doll.

Quotation marks – Quotation marks are punctuation marks used to show the exact of the speaker they are also called “Inverted Commas”.

Example – The principal said to the students, “I am happy to see all of you.”

Ch-3: Clever Tenali Raman

Word Meanings ( snapped – Here, made a sudden sharp noise with his fingers, handled – Looked After , gasp – To breathe quickly with an open mouth because of pain , chuckled – laughed softly )

Antonyms (hard - soft, accept - reject, rude - polite, clever - foolish, softly - loudly) Homophones (one – won , not - knot , new - knew, I – eye , right – write )

Ch-4: Marching to Freedom

Word Meanings( queried – ask a question , unfair – not right or fair according to a set of rules or principles, nervously – in a worried and frightened way)

Antonyms (noisy - quiet, stopped – started , frown - smile, unfair – fair , strong – weak )

Homophones (buy – sell , sea – see , weak – week , need – kneed , some – sum )

Ch-5: The Little Genius

Word Meanings ( genius – someone who is very intelligent , quite a long way – a long distance, startled – shocked )

Antonyms (genius - stupidity, carefully - carelessly, never – always, quickly – slowly , special – ordinary )

Homophones (knew - new , seen - scene, year - ear, two – too , quite – quiet)

Ch-6: Nouns: Numbers

The Nouns which stand for one person ,animal , place or thing are called singular nouns.

Example – Grandmother is telling me a story.

The Nouns which stand for more than one person, animal , place or thing are called Plural nouns.

Example - Kids are playing in a park

SINGULAR

PLURAL

1. Chair Chairs 2. Box Boxes 3. story Stories 4. key Keys 5. Wolf Wolves 6. Potato Potatoes 7. Photo Photos 8. Woman Women 9. Deer Deer

Ch-7 Nouns : Genders

1. A Noun that stands for a male living being is said to be masculine gender.

Example – Rajeev is a Doctor.

2. A Noun that stands for a female living being is said to be a feminine gender.

Example – Radhika is a teacher.

3. A noun that is common for both masculine and feminine gender are called neuter gender.

Example - He has a pen. Anjali has a pen

Ram has a bat. Sumita has a bat.

MASCULINE FEMININE 1. Boy Girl 2. Lion Lioness 3. Sir Madam

Ch-9: Pronouns

A Pronouns is a word that is use in place of nouns to avoid repetitions. E.g He, She ,They ,We etc.

Example – Amit is playing cricket .He is batting now.

Singular pronoun Plural pronoun 1. I, me We, us 2. You You 3. She ,her ,He ,Him, It They, Them

CH-10: Adjectives

Adjectives are words that describe nouns and pronouns there are Five types of Adjectives:

1. Adjectives of quality – Adjective of quality describe quality of nouns. E.g small, fresh, blue.

Example – water is fresh.

2. Adjectives of number – Adjectives of number describe the number of nouns. e.g – Four, six ,Ten.

Example – There are two boats.

3. Adjective of quantity – Adjective of quantity tell us the quantity of the nouns. e.g – Some, Few, Many.

Example – They decided to have some lemonade.

4. Demonstrative Adjective – Demonstrative Adjective points out nouns. e.g – This or That

Example – This lemonade is tasty.

5. Possessive Adjective - Possessive Adjective show belongingness. e.g – My, His, Her.

Example – She took chocolate for her sister.

Ch-11: Degree of Comparison

There are three degrees of comparison of adjectives – positive, comparative and superlative. (strong – stronger- strongest)

When we want to describe a person or a thing but there is no comparison, we use the positive degree.

When we want to compare two persons or things, we use the comparative degree.

When we want to compare more than two persons or things we use the superlative degree.

Positive degree – no comparison

Comparative degree – for two persons or things

Superlative degree – for more than two persons or things

Specifications Positive Comparison Superlative Most adjectives Tall

hard Taller Harder

Tallest Hardest

Ending in’e’ Pure large

Purer larger

Purest Largest

Ending in ‘y’ Easy happy

Easier happier

Easiest Happiest

Some adjectives Good important

Better More important

Best Most important

Chapter-12 verbs (grammar)

A Verb is a word that represents an action, an occurrence or a state of being. Verbs are also called the action words.

Example – Sakshi is cooking food.

Verbs that denote ‘being’:

The words is and was are not actions but they are verbs. They tell us what a person or thing is.

Example – are, am, were, will be, shall be.

He is a doctor.

Verbs that denote Actions:

The words like work, jump, sit and talk etc. are called the actions words. These words represents the action of the nouns.

Example - He works hard but he sleeps a lot.

Verbs that denotes Possession:

The word has and had are not doing words but they tell us about belonging.

Examples – has, have, had, will have, shall have, etc.

He has a new car.

1/ hindi/ class- 4 / 2020-21

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fu”p; euq’; ds ,sls xq.k gSa ftuls og eqf”dy ls eqf”dy jkg dks vklku cuk

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2- ikB 2&dgkuh % bZnxkg

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rkfd jksVh idkrs le; mldh nknh ds gkFk u tysa A

3/ hindi/ class- 4 / 2020-21


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fpeVk ys fy;k rks nknh dk dzks/k Lusg esa cny x;k A

3- ikB &3 thouh % Lokeh foosdkuan

ikB lkj &bl thiuh esa Lokeh foosdkuan ds thou dh dqN ?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa

crk;k x;k gS A Lokeh foosdkuan ,d ,sls lsr Fks ftUgksaus viuk lcdqN ekuo tkfr

ds dY;k.k ds fy, HksaV dj fn;k Amudk cpiu esa uke ujsanz Fkk A

;kn j[kus laca/kh eq[; fcanw &iz”u &mRrj vk/kkfj

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dks naM feyk A

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lHkk esa rkfy;k¡ ctus yxh AA

4-& iwjk /;ku dke ij yxkus ij lQyrk t:j feyrh gS A

4/ hindi/ class- 4 / 2020-21

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lEeku dk izrhd gS A Hkkjroklh blds lEeku ds fy, vius izk.kksa dk cfynku dj

nsrs gSaA


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fnykrk gS A

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dh lQyrk fNih gS A

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ij igq¡pus okyh igyh efgyk cuha A


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5/ hindi/ class- 4 / 2020-21

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A


CLASS-IV

SUBJECT-URDU

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CHAPTER-5



CHAPTER-6



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SUPPORT MATERIAL (2020-21)

SOCIAL SCIENCE

CLASS 4TH CH 1- INDIA -OUR COUNTRY

C-WRITE SHORT ANSWERS.

Q1 Which water body lies to the east of the India?

A-Bay of Bengal lies to the east of the India.

Q2 Which is the smallest state of India?

A-Goa is the smallest state of India.

Q3 Which part of India is Peninsula?

A-The southern part of the India is Peninsula.

D- ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

Q-What is the length and breadth of India?

A-India stretches for 3214 kilometers from North to South and 2933 kilometers from east to west.

Q-list the physical divisions of India.

A-The physical divisions of India are as follows

A-The Northern mountains

The Northern Plains

the Western desert

The Southern plateau

The Coastal Plains and Islands

Q-What is the difference between Kanyakumari and Indira Point?

A-Kanyakumari is the southernmost tip of Indian mainland. Indira point in the Andaman and Nicobar Island is the southernmost tip of the country.

Q-Which states are known as seven sisters?

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A-Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura are known as seven sisters.

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CHAPTER 2 THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS Q1- What is the meaning of Himalaya?

A-The meaning of Himalaya is Abode of snow.

Q2 -Who were the first people to climb Mount Everest in 1953?

A-S ir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay were the first people to climb Mount Everest in 1953.

Q3-Who was the first woman to climb Mount Everest in 1984.

A-Bachendri pal was the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest in 1984.

Q4-Who was the first woman to climb the Mount Everest twice?

A- Santosh Yadav was the first woman in the world to have climbed the Mount Everest twice

Q5-Name any two hill stations found in the Himachal Region?

A-We find many hill stations like Srinagar Gulmarg in the Himachal Ranges.

Q6-Name the three types of Tribes in Sikkim

A-People of Sikkim belong to Tribes Lepcha, Bhutia and Nepali.

SHORT NOTES-:

1- Mount Everest –

Mount Everest in the Himalaya is the highest peak in the world it is 8848 meters high it is in Nepal

2- Terai region- The foothills of the Shivalik forms Terai region it lies in the Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh region has many national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.

3- Terrace farming

Terrace farming is done in the mountain slopes of Himalaya ranges in this method large flat Steps are cut into the slopes to form field and farming has done.

3- Shikaras

Shikaras are wooden boat that are used for the boat rides during the tourist season or function as floating shops for selling flowers and vegetables.

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D- ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

Q-What is the Occupation of the people of Jammu and Kashmir? A-People of Jammu Kashmir stay indoors and earn by making Handicrafts from wood and paper-Mache some people weave silk and woolen clothes while other make Pashmina shawls. During Summer Season most people work in Field.

Q-What is the main occupation of the people of Himachal Pradesh? how do men and women dress up over there? A-Most of the people in Himachal Pradesh are farmers they grow rice Maize fruits and vegetables. Woolen carpets blankets rugs shawls are woven here. People Wear very colorful clothes. The embroidered caps of Himachal Pradesh are very famous.

Q-What kind of houses do the people of Arunachal Pradesh Build? Why? A-People of Arunachal Pradesh live in houses of stilts to protect themselves from rain and snake.

Q- What does the designs of the shawl of the Nagas tell us? A The designs of the soil helps us to identify the first tribes to which they belong.

Q-What do you know about the people of Meghalaya? A-People of Meghalaya are mainly farmers who grow rice, jute, potatoes, sugarcane pineapples and oranges.

C4/SST/SM5

CHAPTER 3 THE NORTHERN PLAINS

C -WRITE SHORT ANSWER

Q1-Name Three Important Cities in the Satluj River Basin.

A-The three Important cities of satluj river basin are Chandigarh, Amritsar and Ludhiana.

Q2-What Does the Bhakra Nangal Dam Provide?

A-It Provides water for the irrigation and produce Hydro-Electricity as well.

Q3-Where do the rivers Ganga and Yamuna Join?

A3- Rivers Ganga and Yamuna join at Allahabad. The place where they meet is called Sangam.

Q4-Which Basin is Called the ‘Food Bowl of India’?

A4-This Ganga basin is called the Food Bowl of India.

Q5-What is Sericulture?

A5- The production of raw silk from Silk worms are called sericulture. D-ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

Q1-Why are the Northern Plains Fertile?

A1=Rivers that start from the snow-Clad Himalayas flow through northern plains. The rivers carry water, fine silt, rocks. This deposit of fine clay, silt and gravel is called alluvium, it is extremely fertile and ideal for growing crops.

Q2-How is Delta formed? Give an example of Delta.

A2. When the river is full of sediments and silt, it becomes so heavy that it starts depositing sediments. These deposits form triangle islands of silt at the mouth of the river. This is known as delta. The delta of the Ganga and the Brahmaputra together form the world's largest delta, Sunder ban Delta.

Q3-What is the main Occupation of People in the Ganga Basin?

A-The main occupation of the people in the Ganga basin is farming. This region gets a lot of rainfall and fine silt deposit which make the region is ideal for farming and agriculture.

Q4-Write a short note on the life in Brahmaputra Basin.

4. The Brahmaputra basin mainly covers the states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Rice, tea and jute are the main crops grown here. Assam is the Largest producer of Tea

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CHAPTER 4-THE WESTERN DESERT

C. WRITE SHORT ANSWERS. 1Where is the Great Indian Desert Located? A-The Great Indian Desert cover the large part of Rajasthan It extends from the Ran of Kutch in Gujarat to the borders of Haryana.

2What are Dust storms? A-Small hill of Sand are called sand dunes When strong winds blow, these sand dunes tend to shift. These storms, also called Dust storms.

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3. What are Oases? A- Oases are the places in the desert where underground water comes to the surface.

4. Why is there Shortage of water in Desert Areas? A-There is an acute shortage of water in the desert as rainfall is very little.

D-ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1. Describe the Climate of the Great Indian Desert. A- The climate of the Great Indian Desert is very hot and dry throughout the year. Rainfall is scanty, which leads to a shortage of water. Summer season is marked by hot days and cool nights. During winters, days are warm but nights are extremely cold.

2. Describe the vegetation of the desert region. How does the climate affect the vegetation of this region? A- There is hardly any vegetation. Only thorny bushes, different varieties of cactus and keekar grow here. Date palms are grown near the oases as the soil here is quite fertile.

3. How has the Indira Gandhi Canal Changed the life of the people in the desert Region? A-The Indira Gandhi Canal, also known as the Rajasthan Canal has changed the life of the people and has also made the desert green. The water of the Satluj and its tributaries now reach the desert through canal, green fields have come up over a period of time.

4. Why are Camels Important in the desert Region? A- The camel is known as the ship of the desert. It is the most efficient mode of transportation in the desert. The camels have padded feet and can walk as well as run on the loose sand. They can stay without water and food for a long time. Dust storms do not affect their vision

5-Who are Nomads? Why is their life difficult? A-. People who do not have permanent homes and move from one place to another are known as Nomads Their life is very difficult, they are also known as banjaras.

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Chapter 5 THE SOUTHERN PLATEAU

C-WRITE SHORT ANSWERS. 1.Name the Southernmost tip of Indian mainland. A-Kanyakumari is the southernmost tip of the Indian mainland.

2- Name the Traditional dance form of Tami Nadu. A-Bharatanatyam is the traditional dance form of Tamil Nadu.

3- Name the place which is famous for diamond mines. A-Panna is famous for diamond mines.

4- Where is Bhilai Steel Plant Located? A-. Bhilai steel plant is located in the state Chhattisgarh.

5- Name the main Languages spoken in Andhra Pradesh. A- Telugu and Urdu are the main languages spoken in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

D. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1- Why are the rivers of the southern plateau seasonal? A-The rivers of this region are seasonal and not very big since they are dependent on the rains. 2- List the hill station that surround the Deccan Plateau. A-The Satpura Range, Anaimudi and Nilgiri Hills have surrounded the Deccan Plateau.

3- How are the Eastern Ghats different from the Western Ghats?

A- The Eastern Ghats are irregular and cut by rivers that fall into the Bay of Bengal. B- The Western Ghats on the other hand are a continuous stretch of hills.

4- Briefly describe the central Highlands. A-The Central Highlands are surrounded by the Aravalli Hills in the north-west, The Central Highlands are drained by many rivers. Some of them like Chambal, Betwa and Son join the Ganga and Yamuna river system from the south. This region is rich in black soil that is good for growing cotton.

5- What do you know the soil of Maharashtra? A- The soil of Maharashtra is formed from the lava rocks. This lava soil, popularly called black soil, it is ideal for growing cotton.

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CHAPTER 6 COASTAL PLAINS AND ISLANDS.

C-ANSWER THE FOLOOWING Q-What is Chennai famous for? A-Chennai is famous for its silk sarees.

Q-What is Lagoon? A-Salt water lakes are called lagoons or kayals.

Q-What is port? Name any two ports. A-A Port is a place where ships load or unload goods and Cargos, Chennai, and Mumbai are

C4/SST/SM10

the two ports. Q-Mention two dance forms of Kerala. A-Kathakali and Mohiniattam are the famous classical dance forms of kerela.

Q-Which state has the highest Literacy rate in India? A-Kerala has the highest literacy rate in India.

C- ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

Q-Where do the Western coastal plains lie? How many parts they are divided into? A-The Western coastal plains lie between the western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. They are divided into three parts. 1- Gujarat coast 2-Konkan Coast 3Malabar Coast

Q-Why is the Coconut tree called the tree of wealth? The coconut tree is called tree of wealth because all its parts are useful.

A- The Coir from Coconut shell is used to make ropes, carpets mats etc. B- The middle part is use to make various food items. C- The Inner liquid part is a nutritional Drink.

Q-Write a short note on Lakshadweep. A-The Lakshadweep islands Which lies in an Arabian Sea looks like a Horse Shoe. Karavatti is the capital of Lakshadweep islands. The islands are made of Coral Deposits and Spread over area of 110 Sq. kilometers It is the smallest union territory of India. Coconut is the main crop and fishing is the means of livelihood of the people here.

Q-Why is Bombay High Important? A-Petroleum is found in Bombay high, a sea bed near Mumbai therefore it is important.

C4/SST/SM11

Climate The climate of a place refers to the weather

condition of a place over a long period of When we talk about the climate of a place, we refer to how hot or cold, dry or wet It is

CHAPTER 7 THE CLIMATE OF OUR COUNTRY

C-WRITE SHORT ANSWERS Q-Name the factors that effect the climate of our country. A-Factors like temperature, rain fall and Direction of winds effect the climate of our country. Q Name the three main seasons of India A-The three main seasons of India are summer season, Rainy Season and winter season.

Q- What is LOO? A-The hot and dry winds which blow over the whole of northern India are known as Loo.

D-ANSWER THE FOLLOWING What is difference between Weather and climate?

A- The Difference between weather and climate is a measure of time.

Weather weather shows the condition of the

atmosphere over a short period of time. For example, when we say that it is hot

and humid today, we refer to the weather of that particular day.

C4/SST/SM12

Q-Write short note on summer Season. A-The summer season begins from the middle of march and continues till the end of June.in northern India the temperature rises slowly and by may it became very hot June is the hottest month and the heat becomes unbearable because of the hot and dry winds called loo.

Q-When does the coast of Tamil nadu Receives rain fall? A-The coast of Tamil nadu or the coromandel coast receives rainfall between November and January.

Q-What is the effects of the Western disturbances? A-Strong winds from the west called the western disturbances cause rainfall in the plains and snowfall in the mountains. This is the time when the weather becomes extremely cold and foggy.

C4/SST/SM10

CHAPTER 9 SOILS OF INDIA Write short answers Q-Why is soil called a natural resource? A-Soil is called a natural resource because it is made of pieces of rocks silt sand clay and remains of plants and animals this layer is formed by a natural and very slow process.

Q-Define mountain soil. Name three crops grow in it. A-Mountain soil is found in hilly areas it is rich in humus. it is the top layer of the soil Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh have mountain soil.

Q-Which plants normally grow in the desert soil? A-Desert soil is scanty and not fertile it only supports cactus, bushes, and pulses.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING 1 how is the top layer of soil formed? A-The top layer of Soil is formed by natural slow process the Huge rocks are broken down into pieces by natural process over a period these pieces mix with plants and animal remains to form soil it takes thousands of years to form a layer of soil.

2- Write a short note on Alluvial soil. A-Alluvial soil is very fertile it is found in the Northern and coastal plains it is made of fine sand and Silt. It is ideal for growing crops such as rice, wheat, maize, sugar cane, tobacco, vegetables, fruits.

3- How is laterite soil formed? how it is used? A laterite soil develops as a result of leaching in places of heavy rainfall the soil is also not fertile as all its nutrients are lost due to leaching. It is found in Maharashtra, west Bengal, Karnataka, Kerala, Bihar, it is enriched with manure and made fit to grow rice and sugarcane.

Q-What cause soil erosion? A-Soil erosion occurs when the upper layer of soil is removed by the action of wind and water causes of soil erosion are follow 1-Human activities such as cutting down of trees, overgrazing by animals make the soil loos. 2-Rainwater and strong winds Carry the loose soil away if there is not enough vegetation to hold it. 3-Often landforms like steep slopes also cause soil erosion.

Q- How can you prevent soil erosion? A- Prevention of soil erosion B- we should plant more trees and stop deforestation C- Hill slopes should be covered with vegetation to prevent erosion D- Field should not be kept barren. E- Stop overgrazing.

C4/SST/SM11

CHAPTER 10 OUR FOREST HEALTH Q-How are forest useful to us? A-Forests are useful to us they give us Plant, Food Items, Wood, etc.

Q-What are soft and hard wood used for? A-Soft wood used to make things like paper and match sticks. Hard wood used for constructing buildings, furniture and tools.

Q-What is the programmed “for child a tree “about? A-A-The govt has started some programs to encourage forest conservation for every child a tree is such programmed in which children are encouraged to plant trees and even care for them.

Q-How much area of our country in under forest cover? A- Only one-fifth of India’s total area is covers with forest.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

Q-Write a short note on Deciduous Forest. A-Deciduous forest are popularly called monsoon forest. They are found at the foot hills of Himalayas, Sahyadri and north-eastern part pf the Indian peninsula. these forests cover the maximum part of our country.

Q- What can we do to support tree and afforestation? A-To support tree and afforestation we must come together to protest against the cutting down trees. We should promote the programs like Social forestry movements and vanmahotsava to encourage forest conservation.

Q-Briefly Discuss the Chipko Andolan. A-The word Chipko means to hug or embrace, in 1970 a group of women in Uttarakhand started this movement to prevent the cutting tree by hugging them, the movement started in Reni village of Uttarakhand and spread all over Gharhwal region. The women of this region come together to protest against cutting down the trees Sunderlal Bahuguna head eths movement and the hard work of the people ultimately bore fruit when the government of India passes laws to stop deforestation

Q-what steps has government taken to protect the wild life?

A-To preserve Wild life, Laws have been enacted along with setting up of National parks, and wild life sanctuaries.

Support Material/class-4/1


Class-IV

Support Material

Session-2020-21

Chapter- Large Numbers


Place Value and Face Value

Face Value is the digit itself.

In 456 Face value of the 6 is 6, the face value of 5 is 5 and the face

value of 4 is 4.

Place Value is the value of the digit according to its “place” or

“position” in the number!

Example :-

In 8, 62,743

Note: - The number that is at ones place their place value and face value will

be always same.

Expanded form: - The sum of the place values of its digits is called the

expanded form.

Example: - 68,872 = 60,000 + 8000 + 800 + 70+2

5, 49, 251 = 5, 00,000 + 40,000 + 9000 + 200 + 50 + 1

Standard form: - A number in its original form is called standard form

of the number.

Example:- 40,000 + 5000 + 300 + 20 + 3 = 45,323

60,000 + 4000 + 20 + 5 = 64,025

L Tth TH H T O

8 6 2 7 4 3

Place Value Face Value 3 is at ones place 3 x 1=3 3

4 is at tens place 4 x 10 = 40 4 7 is at hundreds place 7 x 100 = 700 7

2is at thousand place 2 x 1000 = 2000 2

6 is at ten thousand place 6 x10,000 = 60,000 6 8 is at Lakh place 8 x 1,00,000 = 8,00,000 8


Chapter – Addition& Subtraction

Properties of Addition

Properties of subtraction


Chapter- Money

In India we use rupees and paise as money. In our daily life we purchase the required things from a shop and pay money to the shopkeeper for the purchased thing.

Money is available in two forms (i) Coins and (ii) Currency notes.

Coins: The shapes and size of coins are changed from time to time. Nowadays the coins of one paise to twenty paise are not in use. The coins of 50-paise, 1-rupee, 2-rupee and 5-rupee denominations are mostly in use.

Different types of Indian Coins with different shapes and sizes:

Currency notes: The shapes, sizes and designs of these currency notes are changed from time to time. In case of 1-

rupee, 2-rupee and 5-rupee denominations, both coins as well as notes are used. One rupee, two rupee notes are rarely

available now. Five rupee, ten rupee, twenty rupee, fifty rupee

notes are available now.


Different types of Indian Currency notes:

https://www.math-only-math.com/images/indian-notes.png

1/IV/SCIENCE

SUBJECT- SCIENCE

Chapter- 1

Green Plants

• Photosynthesis the process through which green plants make their own

food by using carbon dioxide (from air), water (from soil), chlorophyll and

sunlight.

• Plants are known as producers.

• The green colour of leaves is due to the substance called chlorophyll.

• The basic parts of a leaf are: Apex, Blade, Midrib, side veins and petiole.

• Stomata are tiny openings or pores mostly found on the under-surface of

leaves. It helps the plant to breathe.

• The outer surface of the leaf has a waxy coating called cuticle which

protects the leaf.

• The main functions of a leaf are:

a) to produce food

b) exchange of gases through stomata

c) food storage

d) transpiration or evaporation of water

e) reproduction or vegetative propagation

• In the process of photosynthesis, light energy from the Sun is absorbed by

the chlorophyll.

• Carbon dioxide + Water Light energy Glucose + Oxygen

• The energy of sun allows the production of glucose (food).

• Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis.

• Green plants are called green lungs as it helps to make the oxygen for

breathing.

• The presence of starch can be tested by iodine solution. Iodine gives blue

black colour with starch.

• Plants and animals are dependent on each other.

• Animals depend on plants and other animals for food.

• Animals can be divided into the following groups according to the eating

habit:

a) Herbivores: Animals that eat plants.

b) Carnivores: Animals that eat other animals.

NEW HORIZON PUBLIC SCHOOL CLASS-IV (2020-21)

SUPPORT MATERIAL (PT-1)

2/IV/SCIENCE

c) Omnivores: Animals that eat both plants and animals.

d) Scavengers: Animals that feed on dead animals.

e) Decomposers: Animals that eat and break down the remains of dead

animals.

• Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from one flower to another.

• Pollination helps in the growth of new plants.

• Bees, butterflies and wasps are pollinators.

• Seed dispersal is the process of scattering of seeds away from the parent

plant.

Chapter- 2

Where Plants live- Adaptation

• The local environment of a plant is known as its habitat.

• Adaptations are special features that help a plant survive in its habitat.

• There are two types of plant habitats:

1. land or terrestrial habitats

2. water or aquatic habitats

• Plants that grow on land are called land or terrestrial plants.

• Plants in the Plains: Plants need more space to spread out. Flat leaves help

in evaporation and to trap a lot of sunlight. Trees lose all their leaves in

autumn and new leaves start growing in spring.

Eg: Mango, banyan, neem, peepal, mulberry, poplar and sheesham.

• Plants in Deserts: Plants that store water in their stems or leaves. plants

have long root systems to go deep into the ground to absorb the available

water. Waxy coating on stems and leaves help reduce water loss. Eg: Prickly

spine and cactus.

• Plants in Mountains: The plants have needle-shaped leaves which prevent

too much water loss and help shed snow more

easily than flat, broad leaves.

• The Tundra region is cold year-round. It has a permanently frozen sub layer

of soil called permafrost.

• Plants in Heavy-rainfall Areas: Evergreen plants grow in areas with heavy

rainfall. Eg: Cotton, Rice, lychee, cashew, pineapple and sugarcane.

3/IV/SCIENCE

• Plants along the Sea Coast: Plants that grow along the sea coast are

adapted to salty water. Eg: Coconut

• Plants in Marshy or Swampy Areas: Mangroves with their breathing roots

are well-adapted to grow in swampy areas.

• Aquatic plants are the plants that grow in water. It can be floating, fixed or

submerged.

• Floating plants: They are light, spongy and can float on the surface of the

water. Chlorophyll is present only on the upper surface of leaves that

receives sunlight. Eg: Duckweed and water hyacinth.

• Fixed plants: The roots of the plants are fixed to the bottom of the water

body. Stems to reach the surface of water. Eg: Lotus and water lily.

• Underwater plants: They have narrow leaves without stomata. They

breathe through the surface and keep the water clean. Eg: such as pond

weed and tape grass.

• Non-green plants do not have chlorophyll. Eg: Indian pipe and coral root

plants

• Carnivorous plants have developed insect traps to get their nutritional

needs met. Eg: Venus flytrap, pitcher plant, cobra lily and sundews

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