New findings on the Pinguicula hirtiflora- …...European Carnivorous Plant Exchange and Exhibition,...
Transcript of New findings on the Pinguicula hirtiflora- …...European Carnivorous Plant Exchange and Exhibition,...
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European Carnivorous Plant Exchange and Exhibition, Botanical Garden Leiden, The Netherlands, August 18-19, 2007
New findings on the Pinguicula hirtiflora-crystallina aggregate in Albania and Greece
Jost Casper (Jena, Germany)Juerg Steiger (Bern/Liebefeld, Switzerland)Jan Schlauer (Frankfurt a.M., Gerrmany)Jan Schlauer (Frankfurt a.M., Gerrmany)
P t ti d ll k d i t b J St iPresentation and all unmarked pictures by Juerg Steiger
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Genus PinguiculaGenus Pinguicula
F il d t d 1555/56 b thFamily and genus name created 1555/56 by the Swiss scholar Conrad Gessner for plants collected
M t Pil t ( f t F kt t)on Mount Pilatus (mons fractus, Fraktenmunt) near Lucerne, Switzerland:
• “Lentibullia vel Lentibullaria“ (from “lens“ and “bulla“)( )
• “Pinguicula vocitur nam et pinguis et parva est“• Pinguicula vocitur, nam et pinguis et parva est
• “Pinguicula, ut ficto a nobis nomine appellatur“
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Original water colour painting byConrad Gessner showingConrad Gessner, showing
Pinguicula alpina and vulgaris,1555/56
» a
University Library of ErlangenMs 2386, fol. 128
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P crystallina hirtiflora historyP. crystallina-hirtiflora history
P crystallina discovered 1787 in Cyprus by J Sib• P. crystallina discovered 1787 in Cyprus by J. Sib-thorp and F. Bauer.
• P. hirtiflora discovered 1811 in Italy by M. Tenore.
• Closely related species. P. hirtiflora often classified as P. crystallina subsp. hirtiflora.y p
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P. crystallina
Coloured engraving by J. Sowerby based on a
t l k t h bwater colour sketch by the Austrian draughtsmanF. Bauer (companion of J Sibthorp) Flora GraecaJ. Sibthorp). Flora Graeca Vol. 1 Tab. 11 (London 1806)
Photograph: University of Göttingen
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P crystallina hirtiflora historyP. crystallina-hirtiflora history
P crystallina discovered 1787 in Cyprus by J Sib• P. crystallina discovered 1787 in Cyprus by J. Sib-thorp and F. Bauer.
• P. hirtiflora discovered 1811 in Italy by M. Tenore.
• Closely related species. P. hirtiflora often classified as P. crystallina subsp. hirtiflora.y p
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Locus classicus of Tenore's P. hirtiflora holotypus: Italy, Mte. S. Michele above Castellamare di Stabia, Sorgente Acqua Santa, 1250m, limestone.Locus classicus of Tenore's P. hirtiflora holotypus: Italy, Mte. S. Michele above Castellamare di Stabia, Sorgente Acqua Santa, 1250m, limestone.
Locus classicus of Tenore's P. hirtiflora holotypus: Italy, Mte. S. Michele above Castellamare di Stabia, Sorgente Acqua Santa, 1250m, limestone.
Locus classicus of Tenore's P. hirtiflora holotypus: Italy, Mte. S. Michele above Castellamare di Stabia, Sorgente Acqua Santa, 1250m, limestone.
Locus classicus of Tenore's P. hirtiflora holotypus: Italy, Mte. S. Michele above Castellamare di Stabia, Sorgente Acqua Santa, 1250m, limestone.
Locus classicus of Tenore's P. hirtiflora holotypus: Italy, Mte. S. Micheleabove Castellamare di Stabia, Sorgente Acqua Santa, 1250m, limestone.
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P. hirtiflora P. hirtiflora site atsite at sea levelsea level, , Italy, Vietri sul Mare, limestone tufaItaly, Vietri sul Mare, limestone tufa
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PP hhirtiflorairtiflora site atsite at sea levelsea level Italy Vietri sul Mare limestone tufaItaly Vietri sul Mare limestone tufaP. P. hhirtiflorairtiflora site atsite at sea levelsea level, , Italy, Vietri sul Mare, limestone tufaItaly, Vietri sul Mare, limestone tufa
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P. hirtiflora, Italy, Vietri sul Mare, Marina di Vietri: site at sea P. hirtiflora, Italy, Vietri sul Mare, Marina di Vietri: site at sea level behind the "Calypso" bathing establishment; huge populevel behind the "Calypso" bathing establishment; huge popu--lation just behind the restaurant (more than 2‘000 plants)lation just behind the restaurant (more than 2‘000 plants)
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P. hirtiflora, Italy, Vietri sul Mare, sea level, limestone tufa
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P crystallina hirtiflora historyP. crystallina-hirtiflora history
P crystallina discovered 1787 in Cyprus by J Sib• P. crystallina discovered 1787 in Cyprus by J. Sib-thorp and F. Bauer.
• P. hirtiflora discovered 1811 in Italy by M. Tenore.
• Closely related species. P. hirtiflora often classified as P. crystallina subsp. hirtiflora. At present named y p pP. hirtiflora-crystallina aggregate.
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Distribution of the P. hirtiflora-crystallina aggregate(north- eastern Greece and Turkey yet unclear)
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P. crystallina-hirtiflora history cont.
Albania:Albania:
P hirtiflora first reported 1841 by A GrisebachP. hirtiflora first reported 1841 by A. Grisebach.
In 1926 F Markgraf described a long-spuredIn 1926 F. Markgraf described a long spuredP. louisii, which was classified by A. Ernst as P hirtiflora var louisii (1961)P. hirtiflora var. louisii (1961).
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Pinguicula hirtiflora var. hirtiflorafrom fo r different sites in Albaniafrom four different sites in Albania
1. Grabomi (Lumi i Cemit)2 Lumi i Zanaqishtit2. Lumi i Zanaqishtit
3. Përroi i Hijes4. Fusha e Rrosë
Photographs: L. Shuka
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P. hirtiflora aggregatein Albania: Variation of
corolla shape
Top row:P. hirtiflora var. louisii( ll l b t l(corolla lobes not or only slightly emarginate)
Remaining rows:P. hirtiflora from 10 sites in Albania (corolla lobesAlbania (corolla lobesmostly emarginate)
Photographs: L. Shuka
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P. hirtiflora var. louisii(corolla lobes not emarginate, often long spurs) Photographs:
Rosemarie Stimper(corolla lobes not emarginate, often long spurs) p
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Greece:
In 1974 J. Contanriopoulos & P. Quezel found a ploidy row and distinguishedploidy row and distinguished
- P hirtiflora (2n=16)P. hirtiflora (2n 16)- P. hirtiflora var. louisii (2n=24)- P hirtiflora var gionae (2n=32)P. hirtiflora var. gionae (2n 32)- P. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea (2n=48)
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Greece:
In1981 A. Strid and N. Franzen reported 2n=27for P. hirtiflora from the Mt. Olympus.
I 1997 T Mik l d & J S C t d 2 28In 1997 T. Mikeladse & J.S. Casper counted 2n=28for P. hirtiflora from Italy and P. crystallina fromCyprusCyprus.
(In 2004 L Peruzzi N G Passalacqua and G Cesca(In 2004 L.Peruzzi, N.G. Passalacqua and G. Cescareported 2n=27 for P. hirtiflora from Rossano inItaly).y)
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P. hirtiflora var. hirtifloraItaly, Calabria, Rossano, with 2n = 27 as reported by L Peruzzi, NG Passa-l d D C ilacqua and D Cesca in 2004.
1 23 4 5
6
2n= 27 was also reported in 1981 by A Strid & N. Franzen for material from
7 8
91819
20
2126
25
27
Franzen for material from Mt. Olympus in Greece
9
1016 17222324
25
1112
1314 ?
15 ?
It is likely that the real number is 2n=28 (nr. 28 at ? or partly covered by
1314 ?
at o pa t y co e ed bynr. 14, figures by J Steiger)
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Perception psychologyp p y gy
I would not have believed it„I would not have believed it if I had not seen it.“
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Perception psychologyp p y gy
I would not have seen it„I would not have seen it if I had not believed it.“
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Perception psychologyp p y gy
We believe what we seeWe believe what we seeWe see what we believeWe see what we believe
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In 2007 S.J. Casper & R. Stimper counted numeroussamples and found the following numbers:
- P. crystallina subsp. crystallina 2n=28 (Cyprus: Ayios Nikolaos).
- P. hirtiflora var. hirtiflora 2n=28 (Italy: Acqua Santa, Rossano. Albania: Togëz, Librazhd, Floq, Këlcyre,S ë C G SShkalla e Rrapsës, Lumi i Cenit. Greece: Smolikas, Olympos)P hi tifl l i ii 14 2 28 2 56 (Alb i Li- P. hirtiflora var. louisii n=14, 2n=28, 2n=56 (Albania: Linza and Dajti near Tirana)P hirtiflora var gionae 2n=56 (Greece: Reka Gorge)- P. hirtiflora var. gionae 2n=56 (Greece: Reka Gorge)
- P. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea 2n=56 (Greece: Styx spring)
The 2n=16, 24, 32, 48 and 27 counts were obviously wrong.
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Chromosome numbers of the P. hirtiflora-crystallina aggregate
?
28 28 ?56
28 28
56
28
? ? 56
28
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Chromosomes of
Pinguicula hirtiflora var. hirtiflora
from Albania, Këlcyrefrom Albania, Këlcyre
5 somatic metaphase plate fromroot tips (black-white, white-black,p ( , ,differential interference contrast)
2n = 28
Preparation and microphotographs:Rosemarie Stimper
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Chromosomes of P. hirtiflora var. louisii 2n = 56. 3 somatic metaphase plates (root tips)
Preparation and microphotographs:Rosemarie Stimper
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Winter stage of P. hirtiflora
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P. hirtifloraP. hirtiflora var. hirtifloravar. hirtifloraGreece Pindus SmolikasGreece, Pindus, Smolikas,
Agia Paraskevi, 2n=28
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P. hirtifloraP. hirtiflora var. hirtifloravar. hirtifloraGreece Pindus Smolikas Agia ParaskeviGreece, Pindus, Smolikas, Agia Paraskevi
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P. hirtifloraP. hirtiflora var. hirtifloravar. hirtiflora, , Greece, Pindus, Smolikas, Eptahori, on serpentine, in cult.Fresh leaves tinted reddish, older leaves green
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P. hirtiflora var. megaspilaeaP. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea. . Fresh leaves green, older leaves tinted reddish
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P. hirtiflora var. hirtifloraP. hirtiflora var. hirtiflora 2n=28Greece, Mt. Olympus, Litochoron Gorge, Prionia, 1080m, y p , g , ,
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P. hirtiflora var. hirtifloraP. hirtiflora var. hirtiflora2 282n=28
Greece, Mt. Olympus, Prionia,Litochoron GorgeLitochoron Gorge
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P. hirtiflora var. hirtiflora 2n=28 Greece, Mt. Olympus, Litochoron Gorge, cult.
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P. hirtiflora var. hirtifloraP. hirtiflora var. hirtifloraGreece, Vardoussia, Athanassios
Diakos, 1500mThe site is certainly covered yby snow at times in winter
At this small site white flowe-ring specimens are not rare.
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P hirtiflora var hirtifloraP hirtiflora var hirtifloraP. hirtiflora var. hirtifloraP. hirtiflora var. hirtifloraGreece, Vardoussia,Athanassios Diakos,
1500m, in cult.500 , cu
L ll l bL ll l bLower corolla lobes conLower corolla lobes con--spicuously emarginatespicuously emarginate
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P. hirtiflora var. hirtifloraP. hirtiflora var. hirtifloraG V d i A h i Di kGreece, Vardoussia, Athanassios Diakos
At this site with Sphagum moss P hirtiflora
This year ---------
At this site with Sphagum moss P. hirtifloragrows like P. villosa: Each year the rosette develops from one floor higher up
Last year ---------
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P. hirtiflora flower with 4 spurs
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Mt Giona 2507mReka Gorge Mt. Giona 2507m
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Reka Gorge (below Mt. Gionae), site of P. hirtiflora var. gionaeP. hirtiflora var. gionae, limestone, 1350m
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P. hirtiflora var. gionaeP. hirtiflora var. gionae 2n=56Greece Mt Gionae Reka Gorge 1350mGreece, Mt. Gionae, Reka Gorge, 1350mNote the color variability of the leaves
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P. hirtiflora var. gionae 2n=56
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P. hirtiflora var. gionaeNote the wide angle between upper and lower corolla lip
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Greece, Mt. Parnassos from E side
Dhipotama Gorge
Entrance to the Dhipotama GorgeEntrance to the Dhipotama Gorge
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Greece, Mt. Parnassos E side,Dhipotama Gorge limestoneDhipotama Gorge, limestone, 650m, site of P. hirtiflora var. ?
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P. hirtiflora var. ?Greece, Mt. Parnassos, Dhipotama GorgeDhipotama Gorge
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P. hirtiflora var. ?Greece Mt ParnassosGreece, Mt. Parnassos,
Dhipotama Gorge
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Greece, Peloponnes, Mt. Chelmos,St /M i S i li tStyx/Mavroneri Spring, limestone,
1930m, highest known site ofP. hirtiflora
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Ping. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea Ping. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea 2n=56Greece, Peloponnes, Mt. Chelmos,St /M i S i li t 1930Styx/Mavroneri Spring, limestone, 1930m, highest known site of P. hirtiflora
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Ping. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea Ping. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea 2n=56
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Ping. hirtiflora var. megaspilaeaPing. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea 2n=56Ping. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea Ping. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea 2n 56Greece, Peloponnes, Mt. Chelmos,Styx/Mavroneri Spring, limestone, 1930m
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Ping. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea Ping. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea 2n=56
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Greece, Peloponnes, Mt. Chelmos,Styx/Mavroneri Spring limestoneStyx/Mavroneri Spring, limestone
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Greece, Peloponnes, Mt. Chelmos, Styx/Mavroneri Spring,Jan Schlauer approaching one of the P. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea sites
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Ping. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea, Ping. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea, note the tendency to narrow long leaves
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Ping. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea, Ping. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea, note the rounded, not emarginate corolla lobes
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Ping. hirtiflora var. megaspilaeaPing. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea
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Ping. hirtiflora var. megaspilaeaPing. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea
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Ping. hirtiflora var. megaspilaeaPing. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea
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Ping. hirtiflora var. ? Ping. hirtiflora var. ? SW Turkey, Salda Gölü, 1250m, site covered by snow each winter
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P. hirtifloraP. hirtiflora var. ?var. ? from Turkey, Nur Daglari
Photograph: Kamil Pasek
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P. hirtiflora from Nur Daglari vs. P. crystallina
P. hirtiflora (Nur Daglari)
P. crystallina (Ayios Nikolaos)P. hirtiflora (Nur Daglari)Photograph: Hiro Shimai
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P. hirtiflora var. hirtiflora (Smolikas) P. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea (Megaspilaeon)
P. hirtiflora var. gionae (Reka Gorge) P. hirtifl. var. hirtiflora Albino (Vardoussia)
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P. hirtiflora var. hirtiflora (Smolikas) P. hirtiflora var. megaspilaea (Megaspilaeon)
P. hirtiflora var. gionae (Reka Gorge) P. hirtifl. var. hirtiflora Albino (Vardoussia)
True scale of flower size
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P. hirtiflora var. hirtiflora (Vietri) P. hirtiflora var. hirtiflora (Smolikas)
P. crystallina (Ayios Nikolaos) P. crystallina (Caledonian Fall)
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Chromosome numbers of the P. hirtiflora-crystallina aggregate
?
28 28 ?56
28 28
56
28
? ? 56
28
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Some corolla shapes of the P. hirtiflora aggregate
Upper row: Italy Vietri, Italy Rossano, Albania Librazhd, Greece Smolikas, Greece OlympusLower row: Greece Megaspilaeon, Greece Vardoussia, Turkey Salda Gölü, Turkey Nur Daglari, Cyprus Ayios Nikol.
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