New English translation of Book 4 of the Analects of Confucius

The Analects of Confucius

Book 4

論語

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Key Themes

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Book 4Leadership Filial Piety

Profit

Goodness

Supporting Cast

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Disciples

• Zengzi / 曾子• Ziyou / 子游

Chapter I

Confucius said: “It is beautiful to live in a neighborhood that is filled with goodness. How can someone be wise if they choose to live in a place

that lacks goodness?”

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子曰：「里仁為美。擇不處仁，焉得知？」

Book 4, The Analects

Chapter II

Confucius said: “A man who lacks goodness cannot endure adversity or enjoy happiness for long. A man who possesses goodness finds

contentment in it, whereas a clever man only pursues goodness because he believes he will profit from it.”

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子曰：「不仁者，不可以久處約，不可以長處樂。仁者安仁，知者利仁。」


Chapter III

Confucius said: “Only a truly good man can love people and detest people.”

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子曰：「惟仁者，能好人，能惡人。」


Chapter IV

Confucius said: “Dedicating yourself to the pursuit of goodness allows no scope for evil.”

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子曰：「苟志於仁矣，無惡也。」


Chapter V Part 1

Confucius said: “Wealth and status are what all men desire; but if they can only obtain them through improper ways, they should not pursue them. Poverty and obscurity are what all men detest; but if they can only escape from them through improper ways, they should accept

them."

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子曰：「富與貴，是人之所欲也，不以其道得之，不處也。貧與賤，是人之惡也，

不以其道得之，不去也。」


Chapter V Part 2

If a leader abandons goodness, how can he live up to that name? A leader never abandons goodness, even for as long as it takes to eat a

single meal; in moments of haste and confusion he still stays true to it.”

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「君子去仁，惡乎成名。君子無終食之間違仁，造次必於是，顛沛必於是。」


Chapter VI Part 1

Confucius said: “I have never seen a man who truly loves goodness and truly detests evil. A man who truly loves goodness would place nothing

above it; a man who truly detests evil would practice goodness in such a way that he would allow no evil to enter him.

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子曰：「我未見好仁者，惡不仁者。好仁者，無以尚之；惡不仁者，其為仁矣，

不使不仁者加乎其身。」


Chapter VI Part 2

Is there anyone with the ability to devote all his strength to goodness for a single day? I have never seen anyone whose strength is not sufficient. There may be men who do not have even the small amount of strength

it takes, but I have never seen them.”

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「有能一日用其力於仁矣乎？我未見力不足者。蓋有之矣，我未之見也。」


Chapter VII

Confucius said: “Men define themselves by their faults. By observing their faults, you will understand the true extent of

their goodness.”

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子曰：「人之過也，各於其黨。觀過，斯知仁矣。」


Chapter VIII

Confucius said: “Know the Way in the morning; die without regret in the evening.”

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子曰：「朝聞道，夕死可矣！」


Chapter IX

Confucius said: “A scholar-official who sets his heart on the Way but is ashamed of his threadbare clothes and coarse food

is not worth listening to.”

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子曰：「士志於道，而恥惡衣惡食者，未足與議也！」


Chapter X

Confucius said: “In dealing with the world, a leader has no prejudice or bias: he takes the side of what is right.”

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子曰：「君子之於天下也，無適也，無莫也，義之於比。」


Chapter XI

Confucius said: “A leader cherishes virtue; a small-minded man cherishes land. A leader cherishes respect for the law;

a small-minded man cherishes exemptions from it.”

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子曰：「君子懷德，小人懷土；君子懷刑，小人懷惠。」


Chapter XII

Confucius said: “Men who act out of self-interest cause great resentment.”

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子曰：「放於利而行，多怨。」


Chapter XIII

Confucius said: “If a ruler is able to govern a state by observing the rites and showing deference, what difficulties will he encounter?

If a ruler is unable to govern a state by observing the rites and showing deference, what use are the rites to him?”

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子曰：「能以禮讓為國乎，何有！不能以禮讓為國，如禮何！」


Chapter XIV

Confucius said: “Don’t be concerned if you don’t have an official position; be concerned if you don’t deserve such a position.

Don’t be concerned if you’re not famous; be concerned if you don’t deserve to be famous.”

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子曰：「不患無位，患所以立；不患莫己知，求為可知也。」


Chapter XV

Confucius said: “Shen, my doctrine is all woven into a single thread.” Zengzi replied: “Indeed.” After Confucius had left, the other disciples

asked: “What did he mean?” Zengzi said: “The doctrine of the Master is based on loyalty and reciprocity; that and nothing more.”

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子曰：「參乎！吾道一以貫之。」曾子曰：「唯。」子出。門人問曰：「何謂也？」

曾子曰：「夫子之道，忠恕而已矣。」


Chapter XVI

Confucius said: “A leader is concerned about what is right; a small-minded man is concerned about what is in his own interest.”

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子曰：「君子喻於義，小人喻於利。」


Chapter XVII

Confucius said: “When you see someone who is worthy, think how you can become their equal.

When you see someone who is unworthy, look inside and examine yourself.”

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子曰：「見賢思齊焉，見不賢而內自省也。」


Chapter XVIII

Confucius said: “When serving your parents, you may gently remonstrate with them. If you see that they’re not following your

advice, remain respectful and do not contradict them. Don’t let your efforts turn to resentment.”

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子曰：「事父母幾諫，見志不從，又敬不違，勞而不怨。」


Chapter XIX

Confucius said: “While your parents are alive, do not travel far. If you do have to travel, you must keep to a fixed itinerary.”

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子曰：「父母在，不遠遊，遊必有方。」


Chapter XX

Confucius said: “If for three years after his death the son does not alter his father’s ways, he is a good son indeed.”

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子曰：「三年無改於父之道，可謂孝矣。」


Chapter XXI

Confucius said: “Always keep the age of your parents in mind. Let this knowledge be both a source of joy and dread.”

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子曰：「父母之年，不可不知也：一則以喜，一則以。」


Chapter XXII

Confucius said: “Men in ancient times were reluctant to speak, fearing disgrace if their actions did not match their words.”

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子曰：「古者言之不出，恥躬之不逮也。」


Chapter XXIII

Confucius said: “Restraint seldom leads to losses.”

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子曰：「以約失之者，鮮矣。」


Chapter XXIV

Confucius said: “A leader should be slow to speak and prompt to act.”

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子曰：「君子欲訥於言，而敏於行。」


Chapter XXV

Confucius said: “Virtue never stands alone; it always has neighbors.”

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子曰：「德不孤，必有鄰。」


Chapter XXVI

Ziyou said: “In the service of a lord officiousness inevitably brings disgrace; in the company of friends, it brings estrangement.”

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子游曰：「事君數，斯辱矣；朋友數，斯疏矣。」


Appendix

Book 4

論語

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Appearance Analysis

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Confucius (子 ) Zengzi (曾子 ) Ziyou (子游 )Chapter I Y Chapter II Y Chapter III Y Chapter IV Y Chapter V Y Chapter VI Y Chapter VII Y Chapter VIII Y Chapter IX Y Chapter X Y Chapter XI Y Chapter XII Y Chapter XIII Y Chapter XIV Y Chapter XV Y Y Chapter XVI Y Chapter XVII Y Chapter XVIII Y Chapter XIX Y Chapter XX Y Chapter XXI Y Chapter XXII Y Chapter XXIII Y Chapter XXIV Y Chapter XXV Y Chapter XXVI YAppearances (no) 25 1 1Appearances (%) 96.15% 3.85% 3.85%

Themes Analysis

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Leader (君子 )

Learning (學 )

Governance (政 )

Chapter I Chapter II Chapter III Chapter IV Chapter V Y Chapter VI Chapter VII Chapter VIII Chapter IX Chapter X Y Chapter XI Y Chapter XII Chapter XIII Chapter XIV Chapter XV Chapter XVI Y Chapter XVII Chapter XVIII Chapter XIX Chapter XX Chapter XXI Chapter XXII Chapter XXIII Chapter XXIV Y Chapter XXV Chapter XXVI Appearances (no) 5 0 0Appearances (%) 19.23% 0.00% 0.00%

Primary Values Analysis

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Goodness

(仁 )Virtue (德 )

Rites (禮 )

Chapter I Y Chapter II Y Chapter III Y Chapter IV Y Chapter V Y Chapter VI Y Chapter VII Y Chapter VIII Chapter IX Chapter X Chapter XI Y Chapter XII Chapter XIII YChapter XIV Chapter XV Chapter XVI Chapter XVII Chapter XVIII Chapter XIX Chapter XX Chapter XXI Chapter XXII Chapter XXIII Chapter XXIV Chapter XXV Y Chapter XXVI Appearances (no) 7 2 1Appearances (%) 26.92% 7.69% 3.85%

Secondary Values Analysis

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Filial Piety

(孝 )Loyalty

(忠 )Trustworthiness

(信 )Rightness

(義 )Chapter I Chapter II Chapter III Chapter IV Chapter V Chapter VI Chapter VII Chapter VIII Chapter IX Chapter X YChapter XI Chapter XII Chapter XIII Chapter XIV Chapter XV Y Chapter XVI YChapter XVII Chapter XVIII Chapter XIX Chapter XX Y Chapter XXI Chapter XXII Chapter XXIII Chapter XXIV Chapter XXV Chapter XXVI Appearances (no) 1 1 0 2Appearances (%) 3.85% 3.85% 0.00% 7.69%

New English translation of Book 4 of the Analects of Confucius

Leadership & Management

Transcript of New English translation of Book 4 of the Analects of Confucius