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(70-293)
Network Infrastructure In Win 2003 Server
Introduction to Win 2003 Network Infrastructure include LAN, Remote Access,
Network, Internet, Intranet & Extranet Network.1) Local Area Network
LAN use at corporate office and Net Caf. It is a wire network where the system is
connected under one building. Managing and trouble shooting of LAN is easy.
2) Remote Access Network: - Remote access connection uses Dial Up Networkingwith PSTN & ISDN telephone connection. This connection is slower & expensive
than LAN.
Server Server
Telephone LineModem Modem
1) PSTN Client Client
2) ISDN
1
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3) Lease line (city to city)
What is Internet?
Inter NIC (COMPANY)
Internet
Partnet
Extranet
www.microsoft.com
TCP/IP TransmissionAt the ending 1960 ARANET (military Department) invent NCP.IBM --------------------------------Telnet
AT & T ----------------------------FTP
Bell labs ---------------------------TCP
Lucent
IEEE
1981 --------------------------------IP
Inter NIC/ICAN
1982 --------------------------------TCP/IP
SNMP
SMTP
1992---------------------------------HTTPL2TP
IPSEC
2005---------------------------------Development continue
2
ORGSERVER
EDUSERVER
COMSERVER
Intranet
ISPISP ISP
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DOD Model (Department of Defenses)
DOD model consist of four layers
1) Application layer: - It contains all the TCP/IP application & services, TCP/IPapplication/Client server base.
OS
C/S
TCP/IP TCP/IP
Telnet-------------------------------------------------Telnet Server
Microsoft FTP ---------------------------------------------------FTP server
HTTP-------------------------------------------------FTP server
HTTP -------------------------------------------------HTTPD (Demon Server)
Unix FTP ---------------------------------------------------FTPD
Ex. Telnet: - It is a terminal emulation utility. It is used to access the Remote system.
(Telnet server) From the remote client, telnet client (text)
From Services start the telnet service go to CMD type telnet IP address of Telnet Machine.
2) FTP: -It is an application & it is used to transfer of files uploading & downloadingfiles.
3
A lication
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Telnet, FTP, HTTP,
SNMP, DHCP
TCP UDP
IP ICMP AAP
LAN/WAN Tech
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3) HTTP: - (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) it is mainly used on web server. It useswww. Service it support text graphic video.
4) SMTP: - It is used for simple mail on main server.Ex. Exchange lotus notes. SMTP is used to sent mails and pop3 is use to receive mail.
5) SNMP: - Simple network management protocol SNMP service is used to monitor
TCP/IP statistics on SNMP client.
6) Host-to-Host Layer: - It consists of to communication protocol.TCP: - Transmission communication protocol
Its a connection oriented protocol
It uses acknowledgement.
Packet Delivery is garn tied
It is slower than UDP
UDP: - User Data gram protocol
It is connectionless protocol
It does not use acknowledgement
Packet delivery is not garn tied It is faster than TCP
Internet Layer: -IP: -IP is connectionless protocol by default IP is responsible to root IP packet to the
destination IP uses IP address for communication.
ICMP: - Internet control massage process. It is responsible for network massage and error.
ARP: - Address resolution protocol it maps the IP address network layer.
It is empty it does not contain any protocol. It handles LAN & WAN connection.
IP Addressing
IP address is 32 Bit logical address __. __. __. __=32 bit logical addressOctave
IP address consist of four octave
Classes of IP AddressA Class --------1 to 126
B Class --------128 to 191
C Class --------192 to 223
D Class --------224 to 239 (multicast)
E Class --------240 to 254 (future)
127 is reserve for default IP
EX. 90.200.172.8 (A class)
The first octave identifies the class of octave.IP address consist of the Network ID & Host ID
_____. ____. ____. ____
NT ID & Host ID
Subnet Mask It is 32 Bit logical address Subnet mask is used to identify the network ID and
Host ID in the IP address subnet mask contains value 255 & 0
255 identify the network ID & 0 identify the Host ID.
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IP address ____. ____. ____. ____ =32 bit logical address.
Default Subnet MaskA Class ____. ____. ____. ____= 16 million host
255. 0. 0. 0
B Class ____. ____. ____. ____= 65,545 Host255. 255. 0. 0
C Class____. ____. ____. ____ =254 Host
255. 255. 255. 0
A ____. ____. ____. ____ Wrong
0 0 0
B ____. ____. ____. ____ Wrong
0 0
C ____. ____. ____. ____ Wrong
0
D ____. ____. ____. ____
0
Converting Decimal to Binary.128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Ex. 170 if 128 is minus from 170 places 1 at first position if not minus place 0 then from
remaining value minus 64 if it can minus place 1 or not place 0 at second position.
170-128= 42, 42-64, 42-32=10, 10-16, 10-8=2, 2-4, 2-2=0, 0-1
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Using DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)Every Host installed with TCP/IP compulsory must have an IP address a TCP/IP Host isassign IP address in two ways.
1) Static Manually2) Dynamic Automatic
In a large network static address is not feasible. You must use DHCP server to assign IP
address to the entire Host in a network.
192.168.22.1 to 20 Reserve for serverDC1 DC2 Web SRV Email-SRV Database SRV
192.168.22.1 192.168.22.2 192.168.22.3 192.168.22.4 192.168.22.5
DHCP SRV CLIENT
192.168.22.6 IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS, Wins
5
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Authorize the DHCP SRV
Create Scope
Scope name IP address range Start __. __. __. __End __. __. __. __ Subnet Mask __. __. __. __Excluding Range __. __. __. __Lease Period: 8 days (till to 999)
Scope Option: y/n
Finish.
A DHCP server assigns the following to the DHCP client.
1) IP address
2) Subnet mask
3) Default gateway
4) DNS
5) Wins
DHCP lease Generation process.
DHCP Client DHCP Server
1) IP lease request
DHCP Dissolver
IP lease offer 2)DHCP offer
3) IP lease reflection
DHCP request
IP lease ACK 4)
DHCP ACK
Broadcast
IP, SM,
If server is down the client 3 times tries for IP address if DHCP not responding
(Automatic Private IP address) when it get APIPA. When it get APIPA the machine
tries after every 10 min to connect DHCP and try to get IP address from DHCP.
6
Net Bios
name, MAC
add,
Broadcast
address,255.255.255.
255
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DHCP Lease Renewal Process: -50% ---- 4 Days
87.5%-- 7 Days100% -- 8 Days
APIPA
DHCP Server Scope Option: - There are four option on the DHCPserver.
1) Address Pool: -This option display the IP addresses Range and the excludedIP address range.
2) Address Lease: - This option display the information of DHCP client i.e. IPaddress, client name, lease Expire date, Mac address of DHCP client.
3) Reservation: - you can reserve an IP address to DHCP client bycreating a reservation entry on DHCP server you need to specify 1) Client
name 2) IP address 3) MAC address.
4) Scope option: - This option you can use this option to provideadditional IP configuration address of router, DNS and Wins.
5) IP configuration: -You can configure IP configuration in the serveroption if the IP configuration is same for all scope i.e. server
configuration option applied to all scope.
6) Super Scope: - Super scope combine two or more scope as single unit.
Using DHCP in Routed Network
Relay agent DHCP Srv
DHCP Client DHCPClient
Router never allow to broadcast
So we need to install Relay agent
Other side of DHCP SRV
7
Router
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Implementing DNS in win 2003 (Domain Name System)
Introduction: -Zone
C1
C2 C4
DNS server Resolve Domain name to IP address.
DNS Query Process
1) Interactive Query: - The DNS server returns the best answer that it can providewithout help from other server.
DNS Server DNS Server DNS Server DNS Server
(gives ip of server1)
Server1.com
1 2 3 4 5
Server1.com?
8
C1IP
C2---IPC3---IP
C4---IP
records
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DNS ClientDNS client wants to connect to server1.com. It will 1st ask its own DNS server,if it doesnt
have then it will ask other DNS servers.After getting the IP address it will directly connect
to Server1.com
2) Recursive Query: - The DNS server returns to complete answer to query not topointer to another DNS server.(DNS client will ask its own DNS server and that DNS
server will itself ask other DNS servers and get the IP and give it to the DNS client)
Creating Zone Win2003 DNS supports different types of zone.1) Primary Zone
2) Secondary Zone
3) Active Directory Integrated
4) Stub Zone
Windows\system32\dns\cisco.com.dns
DNS Server DNS Server
Secondary zone Primary zone
Alternate DNS SRV
Read Only Read & Write
C1---------IP C1-------IP
C2---------IP C3-------IP
C3---------IP C4-------IP
C4---------IP C5-------IP
C5---------IP C6-------IP
If primary DNS goes down the secondary work as primary secondary is read only &
primary is read & write.
Primary Zone: - It contains a read & write version of the zone file i.e. told in a standardtext file. Any changes to the zone are recorded in that file you must create a primary zone
each time if you create a new zone.
Secondary Zone: - Secondary zone contains a read only version of zone file i.e. told instandard text file any change to zone are recorded in a primary zone file and replicated to
the secondary zone file a secondary zone copy from primary zone.
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Active Directory Integrated Zone Replication
Automatic
Active Directory Integrated
Cisco.com
Cisco.com Primary
Read & Write Read & Write
Active Directory Integrated Zone: - Stores the zone information in an Active Directory not
in a text file. Updated to the zone occur automatically during ADS replication. Active
Directory Integrated is read & write.Subs Zone: - It is a new feature in win2003 stub zone contains address of the authoritative
DNS server.
Installing DNS win 20031) Win 2003 SRV
2) Static IP
3) DNS service Installed
Control panel Add/Remove Programs Windows Component Network ServiceDetails DNS.
DNS
Forward Lookup Zone
Zone map domain name to IP addressReverse Lookup Zone
Zone map IP address to domain name.
DNS StructureZone Com Com MCSE.com
Domain India Comp1 Comp1
Sub domain Pune
Host Comp1 comp1.mcse.com
Comp1.com
Comp1.pune.India.com
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FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name)
Creating Primary Zone: -DNS SRV Forward Lookup Zone Right Click New Zone Primary
Zone Name
Zone Filename Dynamic Update (Y/N)
Finish
Creating Secondary Zone: -DNS SRV Forward Lookup zone Right Click New Zone Secondary Zone
Zone Name
IP address of master DNS (Name same as Primary Zone)
Finish
Before You Create a secondary zone you must configure name & setting on a primary zone
setting.
On the primary zone properties Zone Transfer OptionIn zone Transfer
Check the allow zone transfer
Select the option below i.e. to any server
You can also set replication interval from primary zone properties SOA option.
Creating primary zone for Reverse Lookup Zone
New zone
Primary Specify the Net ID
Filename of zone
Allow dynamic Update (Y/N)
Finish
Examining Zone File Resource record (RR) RR in zone file contains a computers1) FQDN @NS Comp1.mcse.com
2) IP address comp1 A 192.168.22.1
3) Alias CC cname comp1.mcse.com
4) Pointer (PTR) 1.22.168.192-in-addr-arpa PTR comp1.mcse.com
If primary zone is deleted or courted you can change secondary zone to become a primary
zone you can configure single DNS Server to Host.
1) One or more Primary Zone.
1) One or more secondary zone.
2) Combination of primary and secondary zone.
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Zone Transfer between primary & secondary a zone transfer is a process of replicating a
zone file to another to another DNS Server a zone transfer instituted the master DNS
server sends notification of zone changes of secondary DNS server in win2003 the DNS
Server is updated by incremental zone transfer.You can configure zone transfer from
Primary Zone Properties SOA (start of authentication)SOA option contains
1) serial number
2) primary server
3) Responsible server administrator
4) Time interval, Refresh, Retry and TTL (Time To Leave)
Active Directory Integrated ZoneAdvantage
1) ADS zone date is stored in the ADS object2) It replicate as port of DC
3) No Single point of failure
4) Fault tolerance
5) Provide secure only option a dynamic update
LINUX DNS server WIN 2003 DNS server
Zone Zone
200 Records Record
File Copy and Rename
File in Win 2003 server(windows\system32\DNS)
1) Domain.name.dns Forward Lookup file which translate Host name to IP address2) zyx.win.addr.arpa The reverse Lookup file i.e. used to translate IP address to
host name
3) Cache.dns: - Contains the host for resolving name outside authorized domain.
4) Boot: - Controlled how the DNS server service start.
File Type Unix File name Win2003 File name
Boot File named.boot Boot
Forward lookup file db.domain name domain_name.dns
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Reverse lookup file db.x.w.y y.x.w.in.addr.arpa.dns
Dynamic Update
The DNS dynamic update protocol allows client to automatically update DNS server.
DHCP server Pre win 2000 / NT4.0/98
Win 2000/2003/XP
DNS server
Cisco.com enable dynamic update
(secure/ non secure)
If all the machines are Win 2000 / 2003/ XP then we will directly make them DNS clientand they are already enabled for dynamic updates. We will select non secure and secure on
the dynamic update of DNS server. All the information of the client will be automatically
updated BUT if there are pre win 2000 machines also, so we will have to take help of
DHCP. Will have to make all the machines including win 2000/ 2003 / XP DHCP clientsand the DHCP server will update the DNS server.
To enable dynamic update you need to configure DNS server & DHCP server.
Configure DNS serverDNS Zone Properties General Dynamic Update Non Secure & secure
Configure DHCP server DHCP Server/scope properties DNS
Select Enable DNS Dynamic Update optionDynamically update DNS A and Records only if requested by DHCP Cilents
Always dynamically update DNS A and PTR
Discard A and PTR records when lease Records is deleted
Dynamically Update DNS A and PTR records for DHCP Clients that do no request update
for example, Clients running windows NT 4.0
Secure are the computer in same Domain
Non secure means are computer outside domain
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If the zone active directory integrated that you get secure only option in the Dynamic
update.
Maintaining & Troubleshooting DNS
Reducing Network Traffic: -
CITY 1
Forwarder only catching
WAN link
CITY 2
Catching only server perform name resolution on behalf of client computers and cache
results
DNS server Properties Forwarders specify the IP address of DNS server to whichyou want forward .
If the DNS server is root zone that it can not be forwarder maintain DNS Zone
A----------------Host
PTR------------Reverse
14
INCLUDEPICTURE "http://images.google.co.in/images?q=tbn:b9meYcoAM1cL7M:ww
DNS
serverINCLUDEPICTURE "http://images.google.co.in/images?q=tbn:b9meYcoAM1cL7M:ww
INCLUDEPICTURE "http://images.google.co.in/images?q=tbn:b9meYcoAM1cL7M:wwINCLUDEPICTURE "http://images.google.co.in/images?q=tbn:b9meYcoAM1cL7M:ww
INCLUDEPICTURE "http://images.g
INCLUD
INCLUDEPICT
INCLUDEPICTURE "http://images.g
Main DNS server
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Cname---------Alias
SRV------------Service
M---------------Mail
SOA
Monitoring DNS
Test DNS: - You can test the simple and recursive query of DNSDNS SRV Properties Monitoring.Event Viewer
Enable DNS Server Debug logging
DNS SRV Properties Debug logging
Implementing wins in win 2003 SRVWINS (Windows Internet Name Service)
Introduction
Net bios Name: - It is a computer name Microsoft OS user net bios service and requires
compulsory computer name (net bios name) or the system net bios name must be unique in
the network A net bios name is of maximum 15 characters. Net bios name are used forconnecting the system in the network. Net bios names are registered net bios names the
enable users to locate comps that contains shared resources on the network
C1 C2
If a user at C1 Wants to access to Machine C2 then he goesStart Run\\C2 this command is located is called net bios query.Net bios name resolutionSteps
1)Net Bios name cache: - It contains the net bios name that the local computer recentlyresolved and the name resoulation result.
Nbtstat -c
Command to check the cach list that is computer name and IP add recently connected
to,byour PC
Nbtstat RCommand to clear the cach list
2) Net bios name server (wins server)
It maintains a data base of net bios name and IP addresses and responses to
the client name resolution request. In win 2003 net bios name server is win server.
3) Local broadcast
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http://smb//C2/http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcbypaul.com/wpclipart/computer/computer-2.png&imgrefurl=http://www.pcbypaul.com/wpclipart/computer/&h=400&w=400&sz=9&tbnid=b9meYcoAM1cL7M:&tbnh=120&tbnw=120&hl=en&start=27&prev=/images%3Fq%3DCOMPUTER%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcbypaul.com/wpclipart/computer/computer-2.png&imgrefurl=http://www.pcbypaul.com/wpclipart/computer/&h=400&w=400&sz=9&tbnid=b9meYcoAM1cL7M:&tbnh=120&tbnw=120&hl=en&start=27&prev=/images%3Fq%3DCOMPUTER%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://smb//C2/ -
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A net bios client can issue a broadcast on the local network for the ip address of
the destination net bios name
WINS server
Netbios name server
2 C2
3 BROADCAST C3 C11 Netbios cache
C4When C1 needs to connect to C2 it will 1st check its netbios cache list,if not there then 2nd it
will ask wins serve. If not there the 3rd
it will broadcast
Lmhost file :Lmhost is static
A3 C3
A2 Lmhost File C2
16
Netbios-------IPname
------ IP
------- ------
10.0.0.1 A110.0.0.2 A2
10.0.0.3 A3
ROUTER
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A1 C1
10.0.0.1
Path of lmhost = windows\system32\drivers\etc\ lmhost
WINS Overview
NAME REGESTRATION
When you configure a computer as WINs client, the clients computer register its
netbios name and IP address by sending a name registration request directly to the
primary WINs server. The client when register to the WINs server,in its request it takes its
netbios name and Ip address and also the service which it is registering.
WINS server
WINS Client
INSTALL WINS1) WIN 2003 SERVER
2) STATIC IP
3) WINS SERVER INSTALL
STEPS:-
Start setting control panel add remove prog windows componentnetworking services details WINS ok next.The wins client by default is registered with 2 services ie file server and work station. On a
wins client if a new service is started the wins client automatically register the new service
entry on the wins server
REGESTRATION RENEWAL
The default renewal interval for entries in the wins data base is 6 days. Renewal occurs
every 3 days because the registration renewal is of 50%
NAME QUERY
17
Netbios nameIP address
Win server IP add
Service type
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A wins client can use the netbios name of another wins client to obtain the IP add of that
client from the Wins server 1st it sends the query to the primary wins server, if it doesnt
respond it will query to the secondary wins server if available, even if secondary does not
response, the client will the broadcast. A wins client can add up to 12 wins server
NAME RELEASEWhen you shout down the wins client properly, by using the OS shut down sequence or by
stopping a network service ,the client send sends the name release request directly to the
wins server for each requested name.
Supporting Non WIN Client
DNS & WINS inter operability
DNS client
DNS server 4 1 comp1.MCSE.com?
2 3 WINS Server
Enabling WINS ForwardingDNS Zone Properties WINS Selected WINS forwarding & Specify the IPaddress of WINS server.
Using Static Mapping
WINS client WINS server
WINS DATEBASEWINS client WINS client
18
ZONE
Comp1 IP addressis not available
DATA BASE
Comp1 10.0.0.2
Linux123 IP
ROUTER
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Linux123 WINS client
Static mapping is a manual Entry in the WINS data base that the net bios name to IPaddress. Static mapping mainly done for non Microsoft OS.
WINS comp1 Active Registration New Map static Specify computer name, Netbios Scope optionalType(Unique simple)specify IP address
USING WINS PROXY
WINS client WINS server
WINS client WINS client
comp1
LINUX 123 WINS client(ping linux 123 it can ping)
Wins proxy is a computer to forward broadcast name resolution request to the win server
for name resolution.
Enable win proxy by using regedit.
My Computer\HEY.Local\Machine\System\current control set\services\netbt\prameter
Right Click New Dward value Enable Proxy Double Click (O means off & 1means on)
Ipconfig/all check
Check from status wins client.
WINS Replication
19
ROUTER
ROUTER
WINS database
Linux123 IP
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WINS Server WINS server
WINS client WINS client
WINS client WINS client
Replication Partner1) Pull partners: - Request replica of database entry at specify interval it limits the
frequently of replication traffic but may cause less data synchronization.
2) Push Partners: - It notified replication partner when changes exceed specify
threshold (No of changes). It maintain synchronization but may increase traffic.
3) Push/Pull Partner: - It is configure as both push partner and pull partner. It ensure
synchronization regard ness no of changes.
Maintaining WINS Database
WINS display all records in the database and organized the information into a following
columns.
1) Record name The register net bios name a following columns.2) Type The service that register the entry it includes the hexadecimal type ID.3) IP address IP address of the register WINS client.4) State The state of the database entry. It can be active, Release or Tombstone.5) Static Indicated whether the mapping is static.6) Owner The wins server from which the entry originated.7) Version A unique hexadecimal no. assign by the wins server8) Expiration It shows the entry which expire.
Deleting Wins Record
When you delete a wins record there are two methods.
1) Delete the record from this server this option remove the records from the databaseand wins server that the database and wins server that you are configure.
2) Replicate deletion of records of other server (Tombstone) Remove the records from
database server that you are configure and also delete the records from other
server.
Compacting Wins Database1) Stop the wins
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2) Jetpack win.mdb temp.mdb
3) Start the wins service
Path windows\system32\wins\wins.mdb
Backing Up Wins
Right Click win server Backup database
Configuring Remote Access ConnectionRemote access connection are between computer located in remote distance.
RAS user used different types of protocol & media
Connection Type
1) Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN) : - PSTN uses analog telephone line and
modems. It is a cheapest remote access connection and not reliable.
2) Integrated Service Digital Network(ISDN): - ISDN is uses digital telephone
connection & modems. ISDN is expensive than PSTN. ISDN are reliable than PSTN.
3)Virtual Private Network (VPN): -
INTERNET
VPN client
VPN allows connection between LAN through Internet,the client has to intstall VPN &
became VPN client.
4) Null Modem Cable OR Serial communication between two computer
Data Transport Protocol
1) LAN Protocol
A) TCP/IP
B) IPX/SPX
C) Apple talk
2) RAS Protocol
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ISP
LANNETWORKISP
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a) Point to Point Protocol(PPP): - PPP enable the remote Access point & server to
operate together in multi vender company it is default protocol or most commonly
use protocol in remote access.
b) Serial LAN Internet Protocol (SLIP): - SLIP is most commonly used telnet (Unix
based) Microsoft Windows 2000 & 2003 supports only slip client they do not
support SLIP server.
3) VPN Protocol: -
a) PPTP (Point to Point Tunneling Protocol)
b) L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) more secure.
Configuring RAS ServerTo make RAS Server
1) Install Modem2) Configure & Enable R RAS
Dial up (Remote Access) IP Assignment
Automatically (DHCP)
Specify Range (R RAS Server)
No Radius Finish
To make RAS Client
1) Install
2) Make new Dial Up Connection
User must be in Dial in permission.
Ports1------------Modem
10 ----------VPN (PPTP5) (L2TP--- 5)
By default the modem on R RAS server is configured only for in board connection if you
want dial through R RAS server to another R RAS server for select in board & outbound
connection
R RAS server Ports Properties select Port Click configuration
Multi LinkMulti link allows users to combine analog & ISDN path. Multi link enable your computer
use to one or more communication port with bandwidth R RAS users PPP multi link
protocol windows 2003 also support BAP bandwidth allocations protocol for dynamic multi
link.
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Authentication Protocol: - There are five standard Authentication Protocol.1) MSCHAP V2 (Microsoft Challenge Hand Shake Authentication Protocol version
2) MSCHAP (Microsoft Challenge Hand Shake Authentication Protocol).
3) CHAP (Challenge Hand Shake Authentication Protocol).4) SPAP (Shiva Password Authentication Protocol).
5) PAP (Password Authentication Protocol).
Protocol Security Used Where OR Description
MS-CHAP V2 High When you have dial up
clients running
win2000/2003 or VPN clients
running NT 4.0 & win98
MS-CHAP High When you are running NT
4.0 and later win98.
CHAP High When you have client which
is not running on Microsoft.
SPAP Medium When connecting SHIVA
LAN Rorer andwin2000/2003 client base R
RAS server.
PAP Low Clients server can not
negotiate using more
validation user name &
password is sends clear text.
Authentication protocol must be same on R RAS and client.
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP): - Supports customize authentication to RAS
server by using protocol1) MD5- CHAP (Message Digest 5 Challenge Handshake Authentication protocol)
2) TLS (Transport layer Security )
3) Smart Card.
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CONFIGURE RRAS TO ACCESS DHCPIf the DHCP server is available RRAS obtains 10 IP address at a time. If DHCP
server is in available RRAS uses APIPA.
Monitor RRAS
You can monitor RRAS service from
1) Event viewer
2) Modem log-in PATH control panel phone and modems modemproperties diagnostics ..click on record a log ( this will make a file where thefunction of the modems will be recorded)
Where as in XPthere will be an option click on append a log (it will do the same but
wont overwrite the file it will make new files every time the modem is used).
USING IAS (INTERNET AUTHENTICATION SERVICE)Radius:- Remote Access Dial In User ServiceIt is an industry standard protocol. That provides the solution to authentication and
remote user accounting. In windows 2003 the combination of RRAS and IAS provide
support for Radius
Introduction to IASIAS proferms centralized authentication, authorization, auditing and accounting of
connections for dail up
Installing IAS
Path:- Control Pannel add remove windows components network servicesIAS ok Finish.Configure IASFirst register the IAS server on the domain.
Path IAS right click register server and active directory ok
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Confirm the IAS server computer a/c is the member of the RAS and IAS server group in
the DC.
IAS server act as a Radius server.
Add Radius client on IAS server
Path:- program administrative tool IAS server radius client new Radiusclient specify friendly nameip address of Radius client select client venderMicrosoft (radius standard) specify a shared secrete password.
CONFIGURE WIN 2003 AS A ROUTER.
There are 2 types of routers1) logical router NT/ 2000/ 2003/ linux2) physical router hardware client (cicso,novel,3comp)Routers allows communication between 2 different network or 2 machine. 1 is A class, 1
is B class. 2 different machines with same class but 2 different network no..
Router basic components
Router contains routing table which stores information of the network
Default entries in Routing Table
0.0.0.0 - Default route
127.0.0.0 - Loop back224.0.0.0 - Multi task
255.255.255.255 Broadcast
Dynamic RoutingRouter use routing protocol to exchange information between routers to propagate
network address and connection information. The 2 most common routing protocols are
1) RIP Routing Information Protocol
a) for small to medium inter networks
b) uses a routing table
c) easier to configure and manage
d) does not scale welle) support 15 router
2) OSPF Open Shortest Path First
a) for large heterogeneous inter network
b) uses a line state data base
c) complex to configure and manage
d) operates efficiently in large network
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e) supports unlimited router
PATH:-
Making a Router
Programs administrative tool routing and routing access (right click computer)configure and enable routing and remote access custom configuration LAN routing finish yes.
Configure the router
After the above, go to local computer IP routing general local area connectionproperties configuration give IP advance add IP add ok
On client specify router address right click local area connection and give default
gateway.
Configure Internet Access for a Network
1) By using Routera) Router optimizes network performance
b) It enables all user in the network to share a single connection to the internet.
2) By using firewall
Firewall prevents unauthorized access to your network. It enables you to specify the
type of traffic that is allowed into and out of your network.
3) connecting to internet by using NATing( Network Address Transalation)
NATing hides the internal IP address of the computer & gives a
request to the internet by its own IP address.By NAT the Internet gets the request from royter server & not the internal
computer.
1. The client sends the Packet to the computer running NAT.
2. The computer running NAT changes the packet header & sends the packet over the
internet to the Web server.
3. The Web server sendes yhe reply to the computer running NAT .
4. The computer running NAT determines the destination, changes the packet header
& sendes the packet to the client.
4) USING ICS ( INTERNET CONNECTION SHARING)
1. It is for small companies.
2. It does not caching..
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MANAGING WEB SERVERManaging windows 2003 network:-
Windows 2003 provides two methods for administrating the network.
Remote desktop:-Share the folder on 2003 server windows /system32 /TS client &
install it on windows 2000 professional or pre Win 2000 computer.
Path:-
Right click my computerPropertiesRemoteEnable Remote desktop.
SNMP :- (Simple Network Management Protocol)It is a industry standard management protocol ,use to manage network
Servers, Workstation, bridge, Switch, Routers.
SNMP Requires (SMS) System Management Service Software for
installation.
SNMP agent & management system belongs to a group called communities
which are identify by names.
Only agents & manager that are member of the same community can
communicate with each other (by default the community name is public).
Installing SNMP Client :-
Path:-
Control panelAdd remove programes Add remove windowscomponentsManagement & monitoring toolsSimple Network ManagementProtocolOk.
TROBLE SHOOTING NETWORK PROBLEMS
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Text commands ;
1. Net helpmsg error no.
2. Net send IP massage
3. Net view.
4. Net share.5. Net start service name
6. Net stop service name
7. Net user NAME Password /add
8. Net statistics server
9. Net statistics workstation
VERYFYING TCP/IP1. IPconfigIP, Subnet Mask, default Gateway.2. IPconfigIP, Subnet Mask, default Gateway, DNS IP, WINS IP, MAC Address.3. IPconfig/Flush DNSPurge DNS Cache.4. IPconfig/Release It release IP Address given by DHCP.5. IPconfig/RenewIt renew IP Address given by DHCP
TESTING IP CONFIGURATIONPING 127.0.0.1 ----------LoopbackPING 192.168.22.2 ----------Ping selfPING 192.168.22.1 ----------DCPING 10.0.0.2 ----------Remote host.If problem in network use above commands.
TESTING IP TO MACARP A ------------------IP to MAC Address information.ARP D ------------------Delete the ARP Cache.
ARP entries are deleted in three situations
1. 120 seconds are over.2. arp d
3. When you restart the computer.
ARP S IP MAC Address ---Adding static entries.Static entries are not deleted after 120 seconds.But only when you give ARP D or
restart the computer.
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TESTING NAME RESOLUTIONNBTSTAT C --------------------View Netbios cache.NBTSTAT R --------------------Purge/Deleting entries.