Neutron spallation sources and the status · project Technical board (all WP leaders and reps of...
Transcript of Neutron spallation sources and the status · project Technical board (all WP leaders and reps of...
Neutron spallation sources and the status of ESS (under construction)
Mats Lindroos Head of Accelerator Budapest February 2014
“Whatever the radiation from Be may be, it has most remarkable properties”
Its discovery James Chadwick
1932 (α,n) reaction
p ?
Neutrons
Wave Particle Magnetic moment Neutral
Diffractometers - Measure structures – Where atoms and molecules are
1 - 10 Ångström
Neutrons are beautiful !
1 - 80 meV
Spectrometers - Measure dynamics – What atoms and molecules do
Cs Zr Mn S O C Li H
X-rays
neutrons
Light and neutrons
Better drugs from detailed protein maps
Fisher, S. Z. et al. 2012 JACS
This enzyme transports CO2 and regulates blood pH.
It is a major player in some cancers, glaucoma, obesity
and high blood pressure
Neutron crystallography pinpoints protons and
waters, showing how the drug Acetazolamide binds
10-9 m
Engineering materials
17/02/2015 6 Source: PSI, CEMNET workshop 2007
Non-destructive analysis of a steel armed concrete block with neutron imaging and X-ray tomography.
Spallation
Source Wikipedia
“Spallation is a process in which fragments of material (spall) are ejected from a body due to impact or stress…”
Spallation sources • Spallation sources come in at least three types:
– short pulse sources (a few μs), – long pulse sources (a few ms) and – continuous sources.
• In general, synchrotrons or accumulator (compressor) rings provide short neutron pulses, linear accelerators provide long neutron pulses, and cyclotrons provide continuous beams of neutrons.
Berkeley 37-inch cyclotron
350 mCi Ra-Be source
Chadwick
1930 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
105
1010
1015
1020
1
ISIS
Pulsed Sources
ZINP-P
ZINP-P/
KENS WNR IPNS
ILL
X-10
CP-2
Steady State Sources
HFBR
HFIR NRU MTR NRX
CP-1
1940 1950 1960
Effe
ctiv
e th
erm
al n
eutro
n flu
x n/
cm2 -
s
(Updated from Neutron Scattering, K. Skold and D. L. Price, eds., Academic Press, 1986)
FRM-II SINQ
SNS ESS
ESS - Bridging the neutron gap
J-PARC
Short pulse neutron sources-SNS
• SNS, SC LINAC/Storage ring, 2007, 1.4 MW, 1 GeV, 26 mA in linac, 627 ns long pulse, 60 Hz
• Examples of challenges: Better understand stripping reaction in linac, accumulation in storage ring
Short pulse sources-LANCSE
• LANCSE, NC LINAC /Storage ring, 1972, 100 kW, 800 MeV, 17 mA in linac, 600 ns, 20 Hz
• Examples: Combined H- and H+ acceleration
Accelerated intensity at 800 MeV: 2.5x1013 ppp - 3.75x1013 ppp (200 µA) (300 µA) •Neutron scattering facility •Two target stations •Muon facility Examples of challenges: Ceramic vacuum chambers, high space charge synchrotron
The intensity frontier at PSI: π, µ, UCN
nEDM
µp / µHe Lambshift FAST MuLan/MuCap/MuSun
MEG
PEN
PIF
nTRV The world‘s most powerful proton beam to targets: 590 MeV x 2.4 mA = 1.4 MW
The world‘s highest intensity pion and muon beams, e.g., up to a few 108µ+/s at 28 MeV/c
The new ultracold neutron source, ramping up, designed for 1000 UCN cm-3
Swiss national laboratory with strong international collaborations
Precision experiments with the lightest unstable particles of their kind
A European research center
ESS for European material research, life
sciences and much more
The road to realizing the world’s leading facility for research using neutrons
2014 Construction work starts on the site
2009 Decision: ESS will be built in Lund
2025 ESS construction complete
2003 First European design effort of ESS completed
2012 ESS Design Update phase complete
2019 First neutrons on instruments
2023 ESS starts user program
17 nations committed to build ESS Cash contributions from Sweden, Denmark and Norway 50% of construction and 15-20% of operations costs
In-kind contributions from the other 14 nations
Construction cost: 1843 M€ Operation cost: 140 M€ Decommissioning cost: 177 M€ ESS AB 2014, ca 303 employes, 40 nationaliteter
Good progress!
Update from site
Protons
Target Moderator
Neutrons
Build and operate a 5 MW SCRF linac
Design Drivers: High Average Beam Power 5 MW High Peak Beam Power 125 MW High Availability > 95%
Key parameters: -2.86 ms pulses -2 GeV -62.5 mA peak -14 Hz -Protons (H+) -Low losses -Minimize energy use -Flexible design for future upgrades
Spokes Medium β High β DTL MEBT RFQ LEBT Source HEBT & Contingency Target
2.4 m 4.6 m 3.8 m 39 m 56 m 77 m 179 m
75 keV
3.6 MeV
90 MeV
216 MeV
571 MeV
2000 MeV
352.21 MHz
704.42 MHz
ESS LINAC PROJECT SCHEDULE
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COLLABORATION DURING (PRE-) CONSTRUCTION
Søren Pape Møller Roger Ruber
Anders J. Johansson
The National Center for Nuclear Research
Santo Gamino Ibon Bustinduy
Sebastien Bousson
Pierre Bosland
Roger Barlow
ACCSYS Management team at ESS
• Mats Lindroos – Project leader
• John Weisend – Deputy project leader
• David McGinnis – Chief engineer
• Lali Tchelidze – Safety including radiation
safety • Luisella Lari
– Head planner • Håkand Danared
– In-kind manager • Anders Sunesson
– RF systems • Andreas Jansson
– Beam instrumentation • Matthew Conlon
– QA/QC 22
• Division and project aligned at high level “WP as a group” would make for too big
fragmentation Four WPs have external leaders
• Weekly or bi-weekly meetings at ESS Accelerator Division Management board of project and division WP leaders Lead engineers Safety
• Regular meetings for ACCSYS project Technical board (all WP leaders and reps of
labs/uni. with contract) as governance and CCB on project level (6 meetings per year)
Collaboration board with reps of director of of labs/uni. with contracts as oversight committee
Audits yearly of every WP Reviews (Conceptual, design, ready to build) as
required mostly co-organized with audits
Ion Source and Normal-Conducting Linac
Prototype proton source operational, and under further development, in Catania. Output energy 75 keV.
Design exists for ESS RFQ similar to 5 m long IPHI RFQ at Saclay. Energy 75 keV->3.6 MeV.
Design work at ESS Bilbao for MEBT with instrumentation, chopping and collimation.
DTL design work at ESS and in Legnaro, 3.6 ->90 MeV. Picture from CERN Linac4 DTL.
DTL and Ion source progress at INFN
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INFN PSESS prototype: CDR just completed!
25 ECOS-EURISOL Joint Town Meeting – 28-31/10/2014 - Orsay
IPN: ESS
Stiffeners for vacuum load compensation
Titanium vessel
4 ports on cavity end-wall for High Pressure Rinsing
Ø100 Coupler port
Mechanical optimisation
SRF 2013
3 Double-Spoke cavities being delivered in 2014
SRF 2013
MP calculations (after final design, no optimisation)
7 – 13 MV/m 0.3 – 0.6 MV/m
Design of a double-spoke cavities at 352 MHz with β=0.50
13 cryomodules 26 spokes
LINAC 2014
FIRST CAVITY RECEIVED (October 13, 2014)
Elliptical Cavities and Cryomodules
Superconducting five-cell elliptical cavity (not ESS). Two families, for beta = 0.67, energy 216->561 MeV and beta = 0.86, energy 561->2000 MeV.
ESS elliptical cryomodule (not final) with 4 5-cell cavities and 4 power couplers for up to ~1 MW peak RF power.
FIRST COLD TEST RESULT OF FIRST ESS HIGH BETA PROTOTYPE CAVITIES
Measurements done the 22th of May 2014 in vertical cryostat at CEA Saclay Testing conditions: CW mode Operating temperature: 2 K Resonant frequency of π mode (measured): 704.292788 MHz
Next plans: Measurement of resonant frequency of 1st bandpass mode at 2K Measurement of resonant frequency of HOM at 2K If possible, increase accelerating field up to the quench limit Perform heat treatment at CERN at 650°C under vacuum
Specification in cryomodule
Expected in vertical cryostat
Rs = 9 nΩ
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Inductive Output Tubes or klystrons?
• ESS • Induction Output Tubes, IOTs
• Higher electrical efficiency – They don’t conduct in the absence of input
drive • Compact • Short MTTR • Cheaper modulator (No high voltage
switching)
• Why suddenly IOTs? • Development of Pyrolytic graphite grids • Solid state drivers
Courtesy of Morten Jensen (ESS) Klystron Velocity Modulation
IOT Density Modulation
RF in
RF in
• Since the launch of Expressions of Interest in spring 2013, discussions on in-kind are going on with 25 organizations. Out of these, 20 could deliver true in-kind contributions and 5 (?) will likely have to be paid from ESS cash budget.
• Possible in-kind partners to Accelerator have been identified in Denmark, Estonia,
France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK.
• Value of items discussed with these partners represents 50-55% of accelerator budget, excluding cash contributions and paid contracts.
In-Kind to Accelerator
• Next step with many partners is to agree on technical details and write Scopes of Work.
• At the same time, political issues need to be
solved at higher levels.
• Signed In-Kind Agreements are needed during 2015 in most cases.
Not IKC, 22%
Planned IKC, 49%
Potential IKC, 26%
Cash ”IKC”, 3%
Partner Institutions
True in-kind CEA CNRS Cockcroft Inst Daresbury Lab Elettra ESS-Bilbao GSI Huddersfield Univ IFJ PAN INFN Catania INFN Legnaro INFN Milan NCBJ RAL RHUL Tallinn UT TU Lodz Univ Oslo Warsaw UT Wroclaw UT Cash in-kind Aarhus Univ DESY Lund Univ PSI Uppsala Univ
Functions:
• Convert protons to usable neutrons
• Heat removal
• Confinement and shielding
Unique features:
• Rotating target
• He-cooled W target
• High brightness moderators
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Proton beam window
Moderator and reflector plug Target wheel
Neutron beam extraction
Target drive housing
Neutron beam window
Steel shielding
Monolith liner
Target station converts protons to “slow” neutrons
• Diameter ~ 11 m; Height ~ 8 m
• Mass ~ 7000 tonnes (mainly steel)
0
2x10 14
4x10 14
6x10 14
ESS 5 MW, 3 cm flat moderator
ESS 5 MW, TDR 2013 ISIS TS1 128 kW ISIS TS2 32 kW
SNS 1 MW J-PARC 300 kW
ILL 57 MW
λ = 3 Å
λ = 1.5 Å
h=3 cm cold
moderator
0
2x1014
4x1014
6x1014
h=3 cm thermal
pre-mod. wing
TDR (2013)
Conv. &TDR (2013)
Qualitatively new level of neutron beam performance
Conv. mod (2010) H2
p-H2 n
n
Science Drivers for the Reference Instrument Suite Multi-Purpose Imaging
General-Purpose SANS
Broadband SANS
Surface Scattering
Horizontal Reflectometer
Vertical Reflectometer
Thermal Powder Diffractometer
Bispectral Power Diffractometer
Pulsed Monochromatic Powder Diffractometer
Materials Science Diffractometer
Extreme Conditions Instrument
Single-Crystal Magnetism Diffractometer
Macromolecular Diffractometer
Cold Chopper Spectrometer
Bispectral Chopper Spectrometer
Thermal Chopper Spectrometer
Cold Crystal-Analyser Spectrometer
Vibrational Spectroscopy
Backscattering Spectrometer
High-Resolution Spin-Echo
Wide-Angle Spin-Echo
Fundamental & Particle Physics
life sciences magnetism & superconductivity
soft condensed matter engineering & geo-sciences
chemistry of materials archeology & heritage conservation
energy research fundamental & particle physics
The reference suite – a guide
These instruments are gradually being replaced by instrument concepts selected for construction.
nnbar experiment @ ESS ?
Bra vakum utan magnetsika fält och strålning
En stor moderator
En stor neutron öppning
En elliptisk neutron spegel
Detector
En lång flysträcka (> 200m)
A sustainable research facility
Renewable Carbondioxide:
- 120 000 ton/year
Recyclable Carbondioxide:
- 15 000 ton/year
Responsible Carbondioxide:
- 30 000 ton/year
1.8 Billion Euros: Biggest investment in Science ever in Scandinavia?
In modern time, definitely YES!
“With better measurements of the stars positions and movements I can make much better horoscopes for you, your majesty!”
However, Tycho Brahe’s Stjärneborg costed the Danish king 1% of the state budget in 1580.
Collaborations enable discovery! - The ESS design update:
- A highly collaborative project
- A baseline design based on the most suitable and best technology of today
- Collaboration partners taking on challenging design issues gave time for ESS to recruit skilled staff for coordination and integration
- Collaborations enabled the design update process to complete in time for the construction phase
- Partners from Pre-Construction have expressed there intention to continue through Construction. Contracts under signature.
- Contracting under way with additional partners for the construction stage, new opportunities are still identified!
- Crucial to keep the schedule, tunnel is being built…
Welcome to ESS!
ESS, Science village and MAX-IV
Design and specifications: -ESS and LTH;
R&D and training of Highly Qualified Personnel: -LTH (3 MSc thesis, 5 Research associate,
1 PhD thesis starting Jan 2015);
Control system hardware : -National Instruments AB, Skåne business center;
Control system software : -Lund University Innovation System (LUIS) AB;
Construction (Low Voltage part): - AQ Elautomatik AB, in Lund;
R&D on High Voltage and High Power Klystron Modulators for the ESS accelerator
Aug ’14
CAD view of medium/high beta RF
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LANL APT: Final Design
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x,y
[arb
. uni
ts]
One pattern cycle
fy / fx = 5:4
ESS Challenges:
› f ~ 40 kHz, Tp-p = 12.5 us
Max(∆x) = 70 mm, max(∆y) = 16 mm, RMS(x-∆x) = 12.6 mm, RMS(y-∆y) = 6.3 mm
20 ms pattern cycle
Target Station includes systems that address nuclear hazards
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~ 130 m long
Accelerator – Target interface
Target monolith, incl. Moderator & Reflector
Systems, and Target Systems
Fluid Systems
High bay
Remote Handling Systems
• Remote Handling Systems including hot cells and associated equipment for maintenance and storage of irradiated components
• Target Safety System including credited controls to protect public and environment from radioactive hazard
• Fluid Systems including He and H2O coolant loops, ventilation, filtering, etc.