Neurons & Neuroglia Lesson 3. Basic Cell Biology n Eukaryotic cells n Cell membrane n Nucleus l...
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Transcript of Neurons & Neuroglia Lesson 3. Basic Cell Biology n Eukaryotic cells n Cell membrane n Nucleus l...
Neurons & Neuroglia
Lesson 3
Basic Cell Biology Eukaryotic cells Cell membrane Nucleus
chromosomes Cytoplasmic organelles
Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes microtubules & microfilaments ~
Neurons Basic functional unit of N.S.
Specialized cell All cells have same basic properties
Regulation of behavior Information processing
Transmits Integrates Stores ~
Dendrites & Soma Receives & Integrates information electrical signal within ~
Axon carries information away from soma Electrical signal within Axon terminal releases chemical message ~
Stimuli
By function (connections)
Interneuron
Sensory Motor
UnipolarBipolarMultipolar
By morphology (# of neurites)
Neurons vs. Nerves
Neurons - cells microscopic
Nerves - bundles of axons seen with
naked eye ~
Neuroglia Neural support cells
local influence at synapse no role long distance signaling
Functions exchange molecules with neurons physical support maintains microenvironment Blood-brain barrier immune system ~
Astrocytes
Provide physical support Regulating chemical content of
extracellular fluid localizes neurotransmitters K+ concentration
Blood-brain Barrier (BBB) ~
BBB: Function
Maintains stable brain environment large fluctuations in periphery
Barrier to poisons Retains neurotransmitters & other
chemicals Regulates nutrient supplies
glucose levels active transport ~
TypicalCapillary
Blood-Brain Barrier
Fenestra
Intercellular cleft
BrainCapillary
tight junction No
fenestra
astrocytes
Neuroglia: Myelin
Wrap around axon Saltatory Conduction
faster transmission CNS: oligodendrocytes PNS: Schwann cells ~
Microglia
Immune-like function macrophage foreign cells cellular debris ~