NEUROLOGY

Dr.Shamekh M. El-Shamy

Spinal Cord InjuriesSpinal Cord Injuries

Spinal Cord

The etiology of SCIs : More recent statistics suggest that motor

vehicle accidents (40.9%), followed by falls (22.4%), acts of violence (21.6%), and sports-related injuries (7.5%), are now the most common causes of SCIs in the United States

Key Muscles That Can Provide Greatest Functional Improvements

Level Key Muscles. C5 Elbow flexors

. C6 Wrist extensors

. C7 Elbow extensors

. C8 Finger flexors

. T1 Finger abductors

. L2 Hip flexors

. L3 Knee extensors

. L4 Ankle dorsiflexors

. L5 Big toe extensors

. S1 Ankle plantar flexors

I-Cervical Flexion and Rotation Injuries

I- Cervical Flexion – Rotation Injury

II- Cervical Hyperflexion Injuries

II- Hyperflexion Injury

III- Hyperextension Injury

IV- Compression Injury

III- Cervical Hyperextension Injuries

IV- Compression Injuries

Types of Lesions

1- Complete Injuries

2- Incomplete Injuries

Special Injury Types

Special Injury Types (Cont.)

Clinical Manifestations

Complications

Cervical Spine (C1-C4)

Cervical Spine (C5-C8)

Thoracic Spine (T1-T9)

• Full paralysis of lower body and legs

• Limited upper body movement

• Full use of arms

• Capable of using a manual

wheelchair for extended time

• No personal care needed

Thoracic Spine (T10-S5)

Compression Fractures

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Cauda Equina

Pathological Changes

Medical Intervension

Orthosis

A- Halo vestB- Sternal-occipital mandibular immobilization

C- Philadelphia collar

D- Custom-made body jacket

Orthoses

Sterno-Occipital Mandibular Immobilization (SOMI)

•Maximizes cervical stability

Cash Hyperextension Orthosis•Sagital hyperextension•Freedom in coronal and transverse planes•More cosmetic, light weight

Flex Foam Orthosis•Soft, flexible interior

•Bony prominence relief

•Rigid external, adjustable, detachable frame

L1 Orthoses

BI-valve Orthosis•Maximizes adjustability

•Stabilizes pelvis

Anterior Overlap•Simple, adjustable

Corset Front•Rigid posterior to reduce abdominal pressure

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