Networking Practices & Technology
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Transcript of Networking Practices & Technology
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5/15/2011Networking Practices & Technology
Networking Practices & Technology
Presentation
Prepared by: Abhishek Gaur
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Introduction
y Objectivey The goal of this presentation is to present the necessary skills in the field of networking learnt
by me during the period of industrial training.
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Project Overview
y Project descriptiony Basic LAN Introduction
y Networking Hardware
y Network Media
y Sample LAN Implementation
y Project completed under Techno Solutions, Jaipur.
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Introduction
Networking began its infancy in the mid -1960s.
by the US Department of Defence (DoD).
ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency)
was created in response with the launching of the Sputnik
in 1957.
ARPA decided that a DoD network should be packet-
switched networked consisting of a subnet andhost computers.
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Experimental network research was awarded to
UCLA, UCSB, SRI and Univ. of Utha in 1969. These
areas were because they all had a large numberof ARPA contracts.
ARPANET protocols were not suitable for running over
multiple networks, so TCP/IP model and protocols
were invented in 1974.The OSI was to be produced like an IBM-reference
model.
The OSI model became the world standard and was
not controlled by one company, but by a neutral
organization, ISO (International Standards Association).
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Types Of Network
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LAN LOCAL AREA NETWORK IS A SMALL
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA SUCH AS OUR SCHOOL
BOARD.
MAN METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK IS ANETWORK OVER A LARGER GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
SUCH AS THEPROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT.
WAN WIDEAREA NETWORK IS A NETWORK USED
OVER AN EXTREMELY LARGE GEOGRAPHICAL AREASUCH AS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.
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Networks are classified as:
y Single Node Topology
y Bus topology
y Star topology
y Ring topology
y Tree topology
y Mesh Topology
y
Hybrid topology
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OSI Model
There are following seven layers in the OSI Model
y Layer 1 : Physical
y Layer 2 : Data-Link
y Layer 3 : Network
y Layer 4 : Transport
y Layer 5 : Session
y
Layer 6 :P
resentationy Layer 7 : Application
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Network Hardware
y Switchy Split large networks into small segments,
decreasing the number of users sharingthe same network resources and
bandwidth.y
Understands when two devices want totalk to each other, and gives them aswitchedconnection
y Helps prevent data collisions and reducesnetwork congestion, increasing networkperformance.
y Resides on Layer 2,3 and 4 of OSI Model
depending on specifications.
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Picture: Cisco Catalyst Series Switches
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y Routery A device that connects any number of
LANs.
y Uses standardized protocols to move
packets efficiently to their destination.
y More sophisticated than bridges,
connecting networks of different types
(for example, star and token ring)
y
Forwards data depending on the Networkaddress (IP), not the Hardware (MAC)
address.
y Resides on Layer 3 of the OSI model.
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Picture: Cisco 2801, D-Link-2640T, Linksys-wrt100-rangeplus Router
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y Repeatery Used to boost the signal between two cable
segments or wireless access points.y Can not connect different network
architecture.
y Does not simply amplify the signal, it
regenerates the packets and retimes them.
y Resides on Layer 1 of the OSI model.
y Bridgey Connects two LANs and forwards or filters
data packets between them.y Creates an extended network in which any
two workstations on the linked LANs canshare data.
y Transparent to protocols and to higher leveldevices like routers.
y Forward data depending on the Hardware(MAC) address, not the Network address(IP).
y Resides on Layer 2 of the OSI model.
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y Additional Network Hardware Devicesy Network Interface Cards (NICs)
y P
uts the data into packets and transmits packet onto thenetwork.
y May be wired or wireless.
y Gateway
y Connects networks with different protocols like TCP/IP
network and IPX/SPX networks.
y Routers and Gateways often refer to the same device.y Proxy server
y Isolates internal network computers from the internet.
y The user first access the proxy server and the proxy server
accesses the internet and retrieves the requested web page or
document. The user then gets a copy of that page from the
proxy server.
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Picture: Bigfoot Networks
Killer 2100 NIC
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Network Media
Electrical (copper)
Coaxial Cable
Single copper conductor in the center surrounded by a plastic layer for insulation and a
braided metal outer shield.
Twisted pair Four pairs of wires twisted to certain specifications.
Available in shielded and unshielded versions.
Fiber-optic - A cable, consisting of a center glass core surrounded by layers of plastic, thattransmits data using light rather than electricity.
Atmosphere/WirelessUses Electromagnetic waves. whose frequency range is above that ofmicrowaves, but below that of the visible spectrum.
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Copper
y CAT5y Ethernet cable standard defined by the
Electronic Industries Association andTelecommunications IndustryAssociation (EIA/TIA).
y Speeds up to 100 Mbps.
y Other versions are CAT5e,CAT 6 and CAT7
y
Connectory RJ-45 - Standard connectors used forunshielded twisted-pair cable.
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Picture: Cat5 patch cable, Cat5 trimmed,RJ-45 conector
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Ethernet Specifications
y 10BaseT
y Ethernet specification for unshielded twisted pair cable (category 3, 4, or 5), transmitssignals at 10 Mbps (megabits per second) with a distance limit of 100 meters per segment.
y 10BaseF
y Ethernet specification for fiber optic cable, transmits signals at 10 Mbps (megabits persecond) with a distance limit of 2000 meters per segment.
y 100BaseT
y Ethernet specification for unshielded twisted pair cabling that is used to transmit data at100 Mbps (megabits per second) with a distance limit of 100 meters per segment.
y 1000BaseTX
y Ethernet specification for unshielded twisted pair cabling that is used to transmit data at 1Gbps (gigabits per second) with a distance limitation of 220 meters per segment.
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Wireless Media
Wireless LAN or WLAN Wireless local area network that uses radio waves as
its carrier
Wi-Fi ("Wireless Fidelity) A set of standards for WLANs based on IEEE 802.11
Wi-Max Emerging technology that can cover ranges up to 10
miles or more
Satellite/Microwave High speed media used for longer distances and
remote locations
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Picture: Wi-Fi Logo, USB wireless
adapter, USB WIMAX adapter
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Optical Fiber
Infrared light is transmitted
through fiber and confined due to
total internal reflection.
Fibers can be made out of either
plastic or glass.
Used for high speed backbones
and pipes over long distances.
Comparatively expensive.
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Picture: Optical Fiber patch
cable, trimmed optical fiber
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Other Networking Tools
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Picture: Media Convertor, Crimping Tool, Fusion Splicer,Crimping Toolkit, OTDR{optical time-domain reflectometer}
Machine.
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Sample Implementation
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Thank You
20End Of Slide.