Networking Basics (1)
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Networking basics
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What is a network?Collection of computers and devices
connected via communications devices
and transmissionmediaNetworks can be classified by the
geographical area they cover
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Data communication:
The electronic transfer of information betweencomputers.
People think: several computers on a singlelocation sharing docs and devices.
Network: include all the PCs in a dept ,a
building, or multiple buildings, city or country. Text docs, voice, audio, video conferencing
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Uses of networks:
A network is a set of technologiesincluding hardware, software and media---that can be used to connect computers
together, enabling them to communicateand exchange information and shareresources in real time.
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Simultaneous access
Network server:
Is a central computer with large storagedevice and other resources that all userscan share.
File server:
If the server stores data files for users toaccess , it is commonly called a file server.
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Simultaneous access
Reasons for Share resources:
1.software can be expensive.
2.A lot of time and labor required.
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Shared peripheral devices
The ability to share peripheral devices isone of the best reason for small businessto set up a network.
Example: printer sharing
1.Can be directly attached to network
2.Can be attached to print server.
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Personal communications
Teleconferencing:
A kind of multi way communication carried out inreal time using computers and
telecommunication networks.Subcategories:
1.videoconferencing:
virtual presence
Seeing a video picture
Uses microphones, loudspeakers, monitors,CODEC(COMPERESSOR/DECOMPRESSOR)
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Personal communications
2.audio-conferencing:
high quality audio
Enables more than 2 sites to linked.
Between group of people.3.Data-conferencing:
Two or sites have to share workplaces on thecomputer desktops.
Shared Whiteboard
Application sharing
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Easier data backup
It is important to back up the data
one way is to keep it on separate storagedevice that employees can access througha network.
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Common types of network
There are 2 types of computer networks
LAN (Local Area Networks)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
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LAN
What is a local area network (LAN)? Network in limited geographical area such as
home or office building
LAN covers a small region of space typically asingle building, schools or at home
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WAN
What is a wide area network (WAN)? Network that covers large geographic area using
many types of media
Internet is worlds largest WAN
Can be a collection of
LANs or WANs or the mix of two with a verylarge geographical area for instant a country oreven beyond the border
Dedicated transoceanic cabling or satelliteuplinks may be used to connect this type ofnetwork.
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Topologies
Physical layout of network devices
Four types: mesh, bus, ring, and star
A designer thinks of the several factorswhile designing protocol:
1.types of computer and cabling
2.distance between computers
3.speed at which data must travel
Cost of setting up a network
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Bus Topology It is a multipointtopology.
Each device shares the connection.
The bus has one starting and oneending point.
Packets stop at each device on the
network. Only one device at a time can send.
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Bus Topology
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Star Topology All devices are connected to a central
device (hub).
The hub receives and forwardspackets.
It is the easiest topology totroubleshoot and manage.
It has a single point of failure.
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Star Topology
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Ring Topology
It is a circle with no ends.
Packets are sent from onedevice to the next.
It does not slow down asmore devices are added.
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Ring Topology
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Mesh Topology It is also called a point-to-point
topology.
Each device is connected directly toall other network devices.
It provides fault tolerance.
It is only found in wide area networks.
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Mesh Topology