1

Network +

An Overview of Networking

2

Networking BenefitsNetworking Enables: Information

Sharing

Hardware and Software Sharing

Centralized Administration

and Support

3

Roles of Computers in a Network Mail Server

Database Server

Database

Fax Server

File and Print Server Directory Services Server

Client Computer

File and Print Server

Database Server

Mail Server

Fax Server

Mail Server

Database Server

Database

Fax Server

File and Print Server

4

Types of NetworksPeer-to-Peer

Client-Server

5

Bus Topology

Terminator

Segment

Terminator

6

Scope of Networks

Local Area Network

Wide Area Network

7

Bus Topology

Terminator

Segment

Terminator

8

Bus Topology

Terminator

Segment

Terminator

9

Bus Topology

Terminator

Segment

Terminator

10

Bus Topology

Terminator

Segment

Terminator

11

Bus Topology

Terminator

Segment

Terminator

12

Bus Topology

Terminator

Segment

Terminator

13

Bus Topology

Terminator

Segment

Terminator

14

Bus Topology

Terminator

Segment

Terminator

15

Bus Topology

Terminator

Segment

Terminator

16

Bus Topology

Terminator

Segment

Terminator

17

Bus Topology

Terminator

Segment

Terminator

18

Star Topology

Hub

19

Ring Topology

20

Mesh Topology

21

Hybrid TopologiesStar-Bus Bus

Star-Ring

22

Ethernet

CharacteristicsCharacteristics DescriptionDescription

Access MethodAccess Method CSMA/CDCSMA/CD

Transfer SpeedTransfer SpeedStandard Ethernet – 10 MbpsFast Ethernet – 100 MbpsGigabit Ethernet – 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps)

Standard Ethernet – 10 MbpsFast Ethernet – 100 MbpsGigabit Ethernet – 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps)

Collision DetectionCarrier Sense Multiple Access

Detects signalTransmits signal Collision detected

23

Token Ring

CharacteristicsCharacteristics DescriptionDescription

Access MethodAccess Method Token passingToken passing

Transfer SpeedTransfer Speed 4 to 16 Mbps for all cable types4 to 16 Mbps for all cable types

Physical Ring

Logical Ring

MSAU

24

Fiber Distributed Data Interface

CharacteristicsCharacteristics DescriptionDescription

Access MethodAccess Method Token passingToken passing

Transfer SpeedTransfer Speed Fiber-optic at 155 Mbps to 622 MbpsFiber-optic at 155 Mbps to 622 Mbps

Primary Ring

Secondary Ring

25

Network CablesTypes of CablesTypes of Cables

Coaxial ThinNetThickNet10Base2, 10Base5

Fiber-Optics

Twisted-PairUnshielded (UTP)Shielded (STP)10BaseT

26

Wireless Communication DevicesWireless Communication DevicesWireless Communication Devices

Narrowband Radio Transmission

Infrared Transmission

27

Repeaters and HubsRepeater

Transmits data to all connected computers

HubTransmits data to all connected computers in a star topology

Repeater

Hub

28

Bridges

Bridge

29

Switches

Switch

30

Routers

RouterRouter

RouterRouter

31

Gateways

Ethernet

Token Ring

Gateway

32

Infrared Data Association (IrDA)

Wireless Communication by Using IrDA

Windows Client

Mouse

Laptop

33

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model

Application LayerApplication Layer

Presentation LayerPresentation Layer

Session LayerSession Layer

Transport LayerTransport Layer

Network LayerNetwork Layer

Data Link LayerData Link Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer

34

Types of Data Transmissions

BroadcastUnicast

Multicast

35

IP Address Classes

w x y z

Class A Network IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID

Class B Network IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID

Class C Network IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID

36

IP Addresses

192.168.1.0192.168.1.0 192.168.3.0192.168.3.0

192.168.1.100192.168.1.100 192.168.2.101192.168.2.101

192.168.2.100192.168.2.100 192.168.3.100192.168.3.100

192.168.2.0192.168.2.0

192.168.1.100192.168.1.100IPAddress

Host IDHost ID

Network IDNetwork ID

37

Subnets

Router

Subnet 1 Subnet 2

11 22

Hub Hub

38

Addressing Guidelines

The Host ID Cannot Be All Zeros The Host ID Cannot Be All Zeros

The Host ID Cannot Be All 255s The Host ID Cannot Be All 255s

The First Number in the Network ID Cannot Be 127 The First Number in the Network ID Cannot Be 127

The Host ID Must Be Unique to the Local Network ID The Host ID Must Be Unique to the Local Network ID

39

CIDR Notation

IPAddress

Subnet Mask

Number of Subnet Mask Bits (ones)

IP Address in CIDR Notation

255 . 255 . 240 . 0 255 . 255 . 240 . 011111111 11111111 11110000 0000000011111111 11111111 11110000 00000000

10 . 217 . 123 . 7 10 . 217 . 123 . 700001010 11011001 01111011 0000011100001010 11011001 01111011 00000111

8 + 8 + 4 + 0 = 208 + 8 + 4 + 0 = 20

10.217.123.7/2010.217.123.7/20

40

The Internet

Client

Connection UsingTCP/IP Protocol

Internet

Server

Text, Audio, Video, and Graphics Data

41

Internet Services

Internet

Electronic Mail (e-mail)World Wide Web (WWW)Chat Internet NewsFile Transfer Protocol (FTP)Telnet

42

Intranets

Intranet

Extranet

Internet

43

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)URL (http://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.html)

– Protocol used (http://)– DNS address (example.microsoft.com)– Path on the server (/tutorial/default.html)

http://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.htmlhttp://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.html

44

Domain Naming

Domain Name (example.microsoft.com)– Top-level domain (com)– Second-level domain (microsoft.com)– Subdomain (example.microsoft.com)

comcom

example.microsoft.comexample.microsoft.com

microsoft.commicrosoft.com

45

Domain Organization

DomainDomainDomainDomain

DomainDomain

Tree

Forest

nwtraders.msft

samerica.nwtraders.msftnamerica.nwtraders.msft

DomainDomainDomainDomain

DomainDomain

Tree

46

Features of a DomainSingle User AccountSingle Logon

Centralized Management Scalability

47

Benefits of a DomainOrganized Objects

ParisParis

RepairRepairSalesSales

User1User1 Computer1Computer1 Printer1Printer1User2User2

Easy Location of Information

Streamlined Access Delegated Authority

48

Internet Protocols

Internet

HTTPHTTPSFTPSMTPNNTPHTMLDHTML

Server

Data

Client

Connection Using anInternet Protocol

49

TCP/IP Layers

Application LayerApplication Layer

Transport LayerTransport Layer

Internet LayerInternet Layer

Network Interface LayerNetwork Interface Layer

Internet LayerIPIP ICMPICMP IGMPIGMP ARPARP

Network Interface Layer

EthernetEthernetATMATM

Transport LayerUDPUDPTCPTCP

Application LayerFTPFTPHTTPHTTP

50

Network Address Translators (NATs)

Internet

192.168.0.10192.168.0.10

w1.x1.y1.z1w1.x1.y1.z1

w2.x2.y2.z2w2.x2.y2.z2

Web Browser

NAT

Web Server

51

Proxy Servers

Internet

Proxy Server

AuthorizedWeb Site

Restricted Web Site

LAN

LAN

LAN

52

Firewalls

LAN

LAN

LAN

Internet

Firewall

AuthorizedUser

Unauthorized User

53

Questions?