Network Planning Tool for Securing Critical Infrastructures

Network Planning Tool

for Securing

Critical Infrastructures

[email protected]

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Network Planning Tool (NPT)

2G/3G/4G and Wifi network planning

tool

3D modelling of urban and rural areas

Field measurements and calculation

model optimisation

Modelling of electricity distribution

networks

Storm and medium voltage network

failure simulations

Modelling of city areas including

indoor spaces

Analysis of future mobile networks’

(LTE ProSe) reliability and robustness

for critical infrastructure services




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Measurement and Analysis Process


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Modelling of

Telecommunication

Networks and Fine-Tuning

with Measurements



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Network Planning Tool Basics

Modelling of Telecommunication Networks…

What can be analysed:

Coverage, capacity, data rates, and

application level QoS

Disconnected calls and data

connections

Interference (inter and intra-cell,

inter-system)

Different network configurations

Delays and jitter

Different antenna patterns

Application areas:

Network planning and performance assessment

Discovery of hotspot areas where QoS requirements are not fulfilled

Support for location / context aware solutions

Interaction between electric distribution grid and commercial cellular networks



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Core Components for Coverage Prediction


3D terrain and buildings (part of Otaniemi area)

3D city model produced

by TerraSolid

Environment

3D models (terrain, vegetation, buildings, waters,…)

Propagation models

Empirical, semi-deterministic, deterministic/ray-tracing models

Clutter models

Parameters

Calculation scenario (networks, resolution, simulation area,…)

Transmitter and receiver (antenna heights, transmission powers, gains, radiation patterns, …)

Field measurements

Validation of coverage calculations

Calibration of propagation models



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Wireless Systems and Propagation Models


Modelled wireless networks

LTE(800/1800/2600),

UMTS (2100/900), GSM (900/1800),

WLAN, WiMAX, CDMA450

Special configurations, e.g. for

low frequencies

Several propagation models:

FreeSpace, Egli, Delisle-Egli,

Longley-Rice, Erceg,

ECC33, Xia-JTC,

OkumuraHata, CostHata,

Walfish-Ikegami, CostWI,

Winner models,…

Covered frequencies ~ 20 MHz – 40 GHz

Example of five WLAN sites in Otaniemi scenario



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Heterogeneous Network Planning

BTS Locations

3D Building Model

Predicted LTE Coverage




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Measurements for Propagation Model

Optimization

Original Result Fully optimized After ’sanity’ check



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Location Aware

Measurements

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VTT has developed a comprehensive set of

measurement and analysis tools to support

spatiotemporal measurements

To discover problematic areas in mobile

and other networks both indoors and outdoors

• Buildings, Basements

To collect and analyse network characteristics

Coverage, Capacity, and Latency

Network Coverage and QoS Measurements




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Suburban area Measurements (Outdoor)

2G

3G

4G

Measurements and Positioning

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Rural Area Measurements (Outdoor)

Nemo

Outdoor Viola Arctic

2G/3G




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Indoor Measurements

Measured rsrp values and cell counts in LTE network

Measured rssi values and cell counts in WLAN network


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Camera and 3D proximity

sensor (Point Cloud)

2D proximity sensor

(scanning laser)

PIR

(motion sensor)

IMU

(acceleration, angle velocity)

LDR

(light intensity sensor)

Ultra Sound sensors

(proximity) Servo motors

(max 1m/s, 2hp)

PC computer

Mobile Robot Platform for Positioning and

Indoor Measurements

Quuppa HAIP sensor and tag




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Indoor Measurement

Robustness of Interdependent Networks



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Analysis of Different Operators and Different

RANs (indoor and outdoor)

Used for selecting the best operator and best network during large-scale crisis

Robustness of Interdependent Networks



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Interdependency of Mobile

Communication and

Electricity Distribution

Networks

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Motivation

Interdependency of electricity distribution

and mobile communication networks has

increased due to automation and remote

control.

Loss of electricity and communication

capabilities causes chain-effects

jeopardizing critical infrastructure

services.

There is a need for reliable and resilient

wireless communications to support

remote control and monitoring of Smart

Grids.

a

Interdependent Networks

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Analysis of Electricity Distribution Network

Failures One feeder down

*) Gray indicates network entities without electricity.

One substation down Several substations down

*) Color indicates the redundancy of 2G networks measured with different devices

Downlink redundancy rasters


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Measurement and Analysis Tool (NPT)

Interdependencies between these

networks have little been studied

or simulated.

We need to understand better the

interdependencies of the networks

in severe failure situations e.g.

storms and to find novel ways to

alleviate consequences.

Our goal is to make

interdependent electricity

distribution and communications

networks more reliable and

resilient.


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Measurement and Analysis Tool (NPT)

Includes novel recovery algorithms

for communications to cope with

large-scale outages.

Targeted to critical communications

and public safety applications.

Low latency, high availability, and

ultra-reliability are the critical

parameters being assessed.

Both offline and real-time monitoring

is supported including one-way

latency measurements with Qosmet

tool.


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Risk and vulnerability analysis of energy and

communication networks

Long experience in developing risk,

reliability and safety analysis methods

and applying the methods to the risk and

safety management processes.

Network dependability assessment

• Methodologies and mathematical

modelling

• Human factors

Analysis of risks in networking

• Detect critical weaknesses in

networks

• Use case: Interdependency of power

distribution and communication

network in failure situations


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Recent Publications

S. Horsmanheimo, L. Tuomimäki, K. Mäki, Interoperability of Electricity Distribution and Communication

Networks in Large-Scale Outage Situations, Oct 18-22, 2015, Japan (submitted).

S. Horsmanheimo, M. Kamali, M. Kolehmainen, M. Neovius, L. Petre, M. Rönkkö, P. Sandvik, On Proving

Recoverability of Smart Electrical Grids, NFM 2014, Apr 29 - May 1, 2014, Houston, USA, pp. 77-92.

S. Horsmanheimo, N. Maskey, L. Tuomimäki, Interdependency between Mobile and Electricity Distribution

Networks: Outlook and Prospects. In Smart Device to Smart Device Communication, S. Mumtaz, J.

Rodriguez (eds.), Springer, 2014, ISBN 978-3-319-04962-5.

S. Horsmanheimo, N. Maskey, L. Tuomimäki, Feasibility study of utilizing mobile communications for Smart

Grid applications in urban area, IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications

(SmartGridComm) 2014, Nov 3 6, 2014, Venice, Italy, pp. 440 445.

N. Maskey, S. Horsmanheimo, L. Tuomimäki, Analysis of latency for cellular networks for Smart Grid in

suburban area, IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT Europe), Oct 12-15,

2014, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 1-4.

P. Kuusela, I. Norros, Dynamic approach to service level agreement risk. Conference proceedings. IEEE,

pp. 266-273. 9th International Conference on Design of Reliable Communication Networks, 2013.

P. Cholda, E. L. Følstad, B. E. Helvik, P. Kuusela, M. Naldi, I. Norros, Towards risk-aware communications

networking. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, vol. 109, pp. 160-174, 2013.

I. Norros, P. Kuusela, J. Lapuyade-Lahorgue, M. Naldi and M. Sirviö. Repairable systems with dependent

components: stochastic process techniques and models. Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Reliability,

2014


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Seppo Horsmanheimo

Principal Scientist VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

Tel. +358 40 542 3599

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

26

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Network Planning Tool for Securing Critical Infrastructures

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