Network Basics
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Transcript of Network Basics
THE INTERNET AND NETWORKS
NETWORKS• Server – a computer on the network that provides services to the other computers
• Client – a computer on the network that a user interacts with
• Node – a computer or other device connected to the network
• LAN (Local Area Network) – Computers in one location connected together
• WAN (Wide Area Network) – multiple LANs; geographically separated
• VPN (Virtual Private Network) – a private connection to a LAN over the internet
• Protocol – an agreed-upon standard for performing some function
LAN (PEER-TO-PEER)
Client/ Server
Client/ Server
Client/ Server
Client/ Server
Client/ Server
Client/ Server
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) (CLIENT/SERVER)
Server
Switch
Scanner w/Server
PrintServer
Client
Client
Client
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)
VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK (VPN)
TRANSFERRING DATA
IP ADDRESS• Example: 192.168.1.1
• Abbreviation for 32-bit number
• Every website and every device on the internet has a unique IP address
• Computers inside LANs usually have private IP addresses
• Provides security – other computers on the internet can’t see them directly)
• Conserves IP addresses
• 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0 – 17.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
• Static IPs never change
• Dynamic IPs change periodically
• Server can assign them (DCHP)
PACKETS
DataHeader Trailer
Destination Address
Source Address
Packet number
Protocols
Time to Live (TTL)
Document
Photo
Web page
End of packet
Error Correction
CONNECTING THE NETWORK
LAN TYPES (TOPOLOGIES)
TRAFFIC CONTROL – SWITCH• IDs each node by MAC address
• Packets addressed to a specific node are sent only to that node
• Broadcast packets accepted
TRAFFIC CONTROL – HUB• Gets packets from nodes
• Sends to every other node
• Nodes ignore what isn’t addressed to them
TRAFFIC CONTROL - ROUTER• Does not accept broadcast
packets
• Connects LAN to another network
• Network address translation (NAT), firewall
• Packets addressed to node not on the LAN are dropped
CONNECTIONS – CAT 5
CONNECTIONS - COAXIAL
CONNECTIONS – FIBEROPTIC
CONNECTIONS - WIRELESS
LETS BUILD A NETWORK!