Nervous System - Sintich Science -...
Transcript of Nervous System - Sintich Science -...
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Nervous System
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Terminology
CNS
Cell Bodies (clusters)
= nuclei
Nerve Fibers
= tracts
PNS
Cell Bodies (clusters)
= ganglia
Nerve Fibers
= nerves
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Supporting Cells
CNS
–Microglial cells – cleans up bacteria and cell debris; spiderlike
–Oligodendrocytes – protection; wrapped around neuron
–Astrocytes - supplies nutrients to neurons; star shaped
–Ependymal cells – moves cerebral spinal fluid; have cilia
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PNS
–Schwann cells – protects; wrapped around neuron
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Neuron
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Neurons – Structural Classification
Multipolar neuron = multiple processes off cell body
– All motor neurons; most common type
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Neurons – Structural Classification
Bipolar neuron = two processes off cell body
– Rare (eye/ear); act as sensory receptor cells
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Neurons – Structural Classification
Unipolar neuron= one process off cell body
– Sensory neurons in PNS ganglia; can send signal in both directions
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Neurons – Functional Classification
Sensory (afferent) neurons – towards CNS –Cell bodies found in ganglia outside CNS
Motor (efferent) neurons – from CNS –Cell bodies found within CNS
Interneurons (association) – connect motor and sensory neurons
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Receptors
Receptors – specialized cell or nerve ending that is activated by specific stimuli –Proprioceptors (touch) –Nociceptors (pain) –Thermoreceptors (heat) –Photoreceptors (light) –Mechanoreceptors (pressure)
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Reflex Arc
Reflex – rapid, predictable, and involuntary response to stimuli
– Can be spinal reflexes (no brain involvement)
– Can involve brain
Reflex Arc – reflexes occurring in certain neural pathways
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Components of Reflex Arc
1) Receptor
2) Sensory (Afferent) neuron
3) Interneuron
4) Motor (Efferent) neuron
5) Effector organ (muscle or gland)
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Autonomic Reflexes
Regulate activity of smooth muscle, heart, and glands
Regulate digestion, elimination, blood pressure, and sweating
Ex) saliva production or pupils moving
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Somatic Reflexes
Reflexes that stimulate skeletal muscles
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Nerves
Bundle of nerve fibers (neuron or nerve cell found outside CNS
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Parts: 1) Nerve – wrapped in the Epineurium
2) Fascicle (bundle of nerve cells) – wrapped in the Perineurium
3) Nerve fiber – wrapped in the Endoneurium
4) Neurolemma (thin membrane around Schwann cell and axolemma – cell membrane)
5) Axon of neuron
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Review
What division of the nervous system controls the fight or flight response? – Sympathetic
What division of the nervous system is referred to as the voluntary control? – Somatic
What division of the nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord? – Central
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The End