Nervous Nervous SystemSystem

Lets begin!Lets begin!

TERMINOLOGY (cover + 203)TERMINOLOGY (cover + 203) Neuro-Neuro- bi-bi- Astro-Astro- af-af- Micr(o)-Micr(o)- ef-ef- Uni-Uni- Multi-Multi- Pia Pia Oligo-Oligo- -glia (glue)-glia (glue) dendr(o)-dendr(o)- Gangli-Gangli- mening-mening- Sens-Sens- moto-moto-

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

The nervous The nervous system consists system consists of two sections.of two sections.

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

1. 1. Peripheral Nervous Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)System (PNS)

All the nerves that go All the nerves that go out into the body.out into the body.

PNSPNS

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

2. 2. Central Nervous Central Nervous system (CNS)system (CNS)

BRAINBRAINSPINAL CORDSPINAL CORD

CNSCNS

FUNCTIONS (4)FUNCTIONS (4)

1. Respond to 1. Respond to external and internal external and internal environment.environment.

(temp, acidity)(temp, acidity)

FUNCTIONS (4)FUNCTIONS (4)

2. Integration of 2. Integration of sensory sensory information. (make information. (make sense of stuff)sense of stuff)

FUNCTIONS (4)FUNCTIONS (4)

3. Coordination of 3. Coordination of voluntary AND voluntary AND involuntary involuntary activities.activities.

FUNCTIONS (4)FUNCTIONS (4)

4. Regulation of 4. Regulation of the body the body (homeostasis)(homeostasis)

NERVOUS NERVOUS TISSUETISSUE

Nervous tissueNervous tissue

High energy userHigh energy userDon’t really Don’t really reproducereproduce

Neuroglia or glialNeuroglia or glial

NON-conducting!NON-conducting!Job is protect, Job is protect, support, and support, and nourish neurons.nourish neurons.

Nervous tissueNervous tissue

There are four There are four types of neuroglia types of neuroglia cells. A, B, and C cells. A, B, and C are in CNS. D is are in CNS. D is found on the PNS.found on the PNS.

NeurogliaNeurogliaA. A. AstrocytesAstrocytes::Nourish neuronsNourish neuronsConnects neurons to Connects neurons to capillaries (oxygen capillaries (oxygen and nutrient)and nutrient)

NeurogliaNeuroglia

B. B. OligodendrocytesOligodendrocytes: : improve conduction improve conduction for neurons. (Create for neurons. (Create myelin)myelin)

OligodendrocytesOligodendrocytes

NeurogliaNeuroglia

C. C. MicrogliaMicroglia: : Small, phagocytes Small, phagocytes (eat particles) clean (eat particles) clean things upthings up

NeurogliaNeurogliaD. D. Schwann Schwann CellsCells: improve : improve conduction conduction (myelinate nerves)(myelinate nerves)

Schwann CellsSchwann Cells

NeuronsNeurons

NeuronsNeurons

Carry impulses Carry impulses to AND from to AND from the CNS.the CNS.

NeuronsNeuronsSKIP STRUCTURE, SKIP STRUCTURE, go right to function.go right to function.

NeuronsNeuronsThree classified types of Three classified types of neurons:neurons:

Sensory NeuronsSensory NeuronsAssociative (inter neurons)Associative (inter neurons)Motor NeuronsMotor Neurons

Sensory NeuronsSensory Neurons

Transfer message Transfer message from receptors PNS from receptors PNS to CNS. (3 types of to CNS. (3 types of receptors)receptors)

Sensory NeuronsSensory Neurons

ExteroceptorsExteroceptors: : External, or on External, or on surface. (eyes, ears, surface. (eyes, ears, skin ~ sense skin ~ sense environment)environment)

Sensory NeuronsSensory Neurons

PropioceptorsPropioceptors: : Involved in balance Involved in balance and tension (muscles)and tension (muscles)

Sensory NeuronsSensory Neurons

InteroceptorsInteroceptors: : Internal (digestion, Internal (digestion, hunger, excretion, hunger, excretion, heart, breathing)heart, breathing)

Inter-neuronsInter-neurons

ONLY IN CNS!!!!ONLY IN CNS!!!!Link sensory to Link sensory to motormotor

Motor neuronsMotor neurons

Message from CNS Message from CNS to effectors to effectors (muscles, glands)(muscles, glands)

Let us put it Let us put it together!together!

Roman Candle Roman Candle time.time.

NEURON NEURON STRUCTURESTRUCTURE

COLOR CODE TIMECOLOR CODE TIME

PLEASE COLOR PLEASE COLOR CODE THE NEURON CODE THE NEURON ON PAGE 4.ON PAGE 4.

Color d, g, h, I, j, k, l Color d, g, h, I, j, k, l and cell bodyand cell body

CELL BODYCELL BODY

AKA SomaAKA SomaContains nucleus, Contains nucleus, neuroplasm, nissl neuroplasm, nissl bodies.bodies.

Nissl BodiesNissl Bodies

Clusters of Clusters of ribosomes ribosomes (energy/protein (energy/protein makers)makers)

DendritesDendrites

Receive signals, Receive signals, impulse carried impulse carried towards cell body.towards cell body.

Afferent process. Afferent process. (Carry toward)(Carry toward)

AxonAxonCarries outgoing signals Carries outgoing signals (away from cell body = (away from cell body = Efferent processEfferent process

Can branch to touch Can branch to touch many fibers.many fibers.

MyelinMyelinInsulated lipid that Insulated lipid that improves impulse improves impulse speed.speed.

White in appearanceWhite in appearance

MyelinMyelinA. A. White matterWhite matter: : White appearance White appearance from myelin CNSfrom myelin CNS

MyelinMyelinB. B. Gray matterGray matter: : No myelin, outer No myelin, outer part of brain part of brain (cortex) and some (cortex) and some CNSCNS

NeurilemmaNeurilemmaThin membrane that Thin membrane that surrounds axon in PNS.surrounds axon in PNS.

If nerve has If nerve has neurilemma it neurilemma it CANCAN regenerate!regenerate!

Node of RanvierNode of RanvierGaps between glial cells Gaps between glial cells where myelin is not where myelin is not complete.complete.

Saltatory Saltatory conductionconduction= jump = jump from node to node.from node to node.

Schwann cellSchwann cell

Neuroglia cells Neuroglia cells which add myelin which add myelin to axons of the PNSto axons of the PNS