NERVOUS SYSTEM ALLISON LEIGH, MARYANN ZMUDA, AND MAX DAVENPORT.
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Transcript of NERVOUS SYSTEM ALLISON LEIGH, MARYANN ZMUDA, AND MAX DAVENPORT.
NERVOUS SYS
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WHAT IS THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?
A system made up of nerve cells and fibers, where your brain sends signals to specific parts of the body, and receives information about what is happening in the body.
Controls all involuntary movement. Heart pumping Breathing Digestion of food
Controls all voluntary (by choice) movement. Running Talking Grabbing an object
ORGANS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Central Nervous System
Brain Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
NervesSomatic and Autonomic
Nervous System
Cerebrum: controls all voluntary muscles; analytical thinking (left); abstract thinking (right).
Cerebellum: balance, movement, and coordination.
Brain stem: controls involuntary muscles; in charge of functions needed to stay alive; connects brain to spinal cord; sorts messages between brain and body.
Pituitary Gland: all hormones produced/released through this gland (puberty, growth, etc); helps keep metabolism going.
Hypothalamus: controls body temperature (98.6 degrees).
CNS- BRAIN
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Brain Stem
Pituitary Gland
Hypothalamus
• Long bundle of nerves protected by spinal column and vertebraes.
• Lets messages travel between the brain and the body.
Nerves assembled into tractsAscending Tracts: carries sensory info from body to
brain Touch, skin temp, pain, etc. Sensory Neurons
Descending Tracts: carry info downwards from brain to body Movement Motor Neurons
Spinal nerves carry to and from different levels of spinal cord
Cervical ThoracicLumbar & Sacral
CNS- SPINAL CORD
Nerves branch out from brain and spinal cord.
PNS connections with organs and structures of the body are made through cranial and spinal nerves.
Cranial Nerves 12 pairs from bottom of brain
Smell, vision, hearing, balance (3) Motor functions (5) Assist with movement (4)
Head, neck, and facial area
Spinal Nerves 31 pairs from side of spinal cord
8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal (tailbone)
PNS- NERVES
SomaticSends sensory info to Central Nervous System
Sends messages to motor nerve fibers (muscles moving body)
Voluntary
Autonomic• Regulates heart, stomach, and intestines• Involuntary
1. Sympathetic “Fight or Flight” Uses energy (blood pressure, heart beat,
etc.) Thoratic & Lumbar
2. Parasympathetic “Rest and Digest” Saves energy (blood pressure, heart beat,
etc.) Sacral
3. Enteric Controls normal digestive activity Body reacting to nervousness, etc.
PNS- SOMATIC & AUTONOMIC
PARASYMPATHETIC VS. SYMPATHETIC
Multiple SclerosisDegenerative disease that affects
myelin sheath and conduction pathways between brain and spinal cord.
Causes of MS:• Abnormal response of body’s immune
system to myelin • Environmental factors such as viral
infection• Inflammation
Symptoms of MS: • Damage to neurons• Muscle symptoms• Eye symptoms• Etc.
DISEASES
DISEASES Alzheimer's The loss of brain functions that
allows the subject’s brain to deteriorate over time.
Causes:• Dementia
• Genetic lineage
• Previous head trauma
• Early life experiences
• Dietary habits (high cholesterol, etc.) Progressive &
irreversible
Symptoms:• Memory loss• Atrophy of brain• Language• Emotional behavior
• If all the neurons in a person’s body were lined up, it would stretch 600 miles long.
• There are 100 billion neurons in human brain.
• Eating seafood at least once a week lowers your chance of dementia by at least 30%.
• The brain is the fattest organ in human body; contains 60% fat.
• Right side of brain controls left side of body & left side of brain controls right side of body.
• You can’t tickle yourself.
FUN HEALTH FACTS
SOURCES CITED
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nsdivide.html
http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/kinser/Structure1.html
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/spinal.html
http://
www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetailsKids.aspx?p=
335&np=152&id=2612
http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/alzheimer.htm
http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/multiple_sclerosis.htm