Nervous System
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Transcript of Nervous System
The nervous systemThe nervous system
Content by Megan McDonald
CNSCentral Nervous System
Brain Spinal Cord
PNSPeripheral Nervous System
Spinal Nerves
Cranial Nerves
CNS
PNS
Afferent(Sensor
y)
Efferent(Motor)
Sense organ
Somatic(voluntar
y)
Autonomic(involunta
ry)
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
ActivityActivityMarieb colouring bookChapter 7, Qu.2, Page 132
Nervous system functionNervous system functionSensory – afferentIntegrative – information
processedMotor - efferent
Nervous tissueNervous tissueNeurons – Afferent, interneurons,
efferentNeuroglia – supporting cells
NeuronsNeuronsNerve cellInitiates, propagates and
transmits electrical signals.
NeuronNeuron
NeurogliaNeurogliaSupporting cell of nervous systemAstrocytes – metabolic, physical
support; brainOligodendrocytes – myelin forming;
CNSEpendymal cells – produces CSFMicroglia – repair damaged neurons;
CNSSchwann cells – myelin forming; PNS
Activity 14.3Activity 14.3Marieb colouring bookChapter 7, Qu.7, Page 135Chapter 7, Qu.6, Page 131
Activity 14.4Activity 14.4Purple book
Neuron functionNeuron functionStimulus ExcitabilitySynapseAction potential
Action PotentialAction PotentialResting state – inside cell
membrane is more –ve than outside
Depolarisation – inside membrane becomes +ve
Repolarisation – inside membrane returns to –ve.
SynapseSynapseNeurons not connected physicallyGaps between neuronsImpulses pass over synapses via
neurotransmitters
Reflex ArcReflex ArcRapid action without conscious
controlOccurs at spinal cord level
Reflex ArcReflex Arc
Stimulus
Afferent neuron
Spinal cord
Efferent neuron
Muscle Contracts
Activity 14.5Activity 14.5Marieb colouring bookChapter 7, Qu.11, Page 137
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous SystemBrainSpinal Cord
CerebrumCerebrumLeft and right hemispheresHemispheres joined by corpus
callosumGyri – ridgesSulci – groovesFissures – deep groovesLobes – regions of cerebrumCerebral cortex – grey matter
CerebrumCerebrum
Frontal Lobe
•Personality•Decision making•Co-ordination of complex movements•Speech (L) motor
CerebrumCerebrum
Parietal Lobe
•Sensation•Proprioception•Understanding of sensation•Speech comprehension
CerebrumCerebrum
Occipital Lobe
•Vision•Interpreting vision
CerebrumCerebrum
Temporal Lobe
•Motivation•Emotion•Memory•Hearing
CerebrumCerebrum
DiencephalonDiencephalonEnclosed by cerebral
hemispheresThalamusHypothalamusEpithalamusPineal bodyChoroid plexus
BrainstemBrainstemConnects cerebrum and
cerebellum to spinal cordMidbrainPonsMedulla oblongata
CerebellumCerebellum“Little brain”Posterior and inferior to
cerebrumPosture and balance
Basal NucleiBasal NucleiAKA Basal gangliaMasses of neuron cell bodiesLentiform nucleusCaudate nucleusSubstantia nigra
Activity 14.6Activity 14.6Marieb colouring bookChapter 7, Qu.13, Page 138Chapter 7, Qu.15, Page 138Chapter 7, Qu.16, Page 139Chapter 7, Qu.17, Page 140Chapter 7, Qu.18, Page 141
CNS ProtectionCNS ProtectionBonyMembranous (meninges)Cerebral Spinal FluidBlood brain barrier
MeningesMeningesThree layers of tissue form
meningesDura materArachnoid materPia mater
CSFCSFCerebrospinal FluidContained between Arachnoid
and Pia matersIn subarachnoid spaceFormed by choroid plexusContained in ventriclesNourishment
Activity 14.7Activity 14.7Purple book
Spinal CordSpinal CordContinuation of medulla
oblongata31 pairs of spinal nervesConducts afferent and efferent
signalsReflex arc
PNSPNSPeripheral Nervous SystemCranial NervesSpinal Nerves
Cranial NervesCranial Nerves12 PairsOriginate in brainPge 149
Cranial NervesCranial NervesII Olfactory
II Optic
III Oculomotor
IV Trochlear
V Trigeminal
VI Abducens
VII Facial
VIII Vestibulocochlear
I Olfactory
Cranial NervesCranial NervesII Olfactory
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
XI Accessory
XII Hypoglossal
Spinal NervesSpinal Nerves
31 Pairs8 cervical12 thoracic5 sacral1 coccygeal
Spinal PlexusSpinal Plexus
CervicalLumbosacralBrachialPreserves (some) function in case
of injury
Somatic Nervous SystemSomatic Nervous System
Conscious controlEfferent impulses – to musclesAfferent impulses – from skin etc
Autonomic Nervous Autonomic Nervous SystemSystem
Unconscious controlSympatheticParasympathetic
Activity 14.11Activity 14.11Purple book
Homework!Homework!Muscle chartAnat family
Thank you