Nerve Tissue

Al-Maarefa College

Nerve Tissue

• Cells have very high ability to – Respond to stimuli– Transmit impulses

Nerve Tissue

Nerve Tissue

• NEURON is the main nerve cell)

Nerve Tissue

• NEURON is the main nerve cell– Cell Body(3)– Dendrites (5)– Axon(1)

Motor Neurone

Motor Neurone

• Cell body• Dendrites• Axon– Covered by Myelin

sheath

Neuron

• Multipolar

Kuehnel, Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy

Neuron's – cerebral cortex

Kuehnel, Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy

Neuron's – spinal cord

Kuehnel, Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy

Nerve and Reflex Arc

Nerve Fiber (Axon)• Nerve fibers are long nerve cell processes (axon

cylinder, axon) with a surrounding membrane• Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes, peripheral glial

cells) enfold the axon and form an insulating cover known as Schwann’s sheath (neurolemma).

Kuehnel, Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy

Stain: osmium tetroxide; magnification: × 1000

Nerve Fiber (Axon)• Myelinated nerve fiber, i.e., the axon is covered by a

myelin sheath, which is rich in lipids.• Every 0.8 to 1.0 mm, a node of Ranvier subdivides

the myelin sheath into segments or internodes.

Kuehnel, Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy

Stain: osmium tetroxide; magnification: × 1000

Sciatic nerve – cross section• 1 Fascicle (nerve fiber bundle)• 2 Perineurium• 3 Epineurium• 4 Artery• 5 Vein• 6 Adipose

tissue

Stain: alum hematoxylin; magnification: × 10Kuehnel, Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy

Glial Cells• Glial cells (Neuroglia) or (Glia)• (Greek "glue”• Non-neuronal cells that:1- maintain homeostasis,2- form myelin, 3- provide support and protection for the brain's neurons• They occupy the entire space between neurons

and separate nerve cells from blood vessels

Glial Cells - Functions

1. Surround neurons and hold them in place2. Supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons3. Insulate one neuron from another4. Destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons

Glial Cells - Types

• Astrocytes (macroglia)• Oligodendrocytes• Microgliocytes

Astrocytes

Kuehnel, Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy

• Most abundant• Deal with homeostasis – relate to vessels

• are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. They perform many functions, including :

• 1- biochemical support of endothelial cells that form the blood–brain barrier,

• 2- provision of nutrients to the nervous tissue, • 3-maintenance of extracellular ion balance,• 4- and a role in the repair and scarring process of

the brain and spinal cord following traumatic injuries

Astrocytes and nerve cells

Kuehnel, Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy

Microglia

Microglia:

Microglia are the main resident immunological cells the CNS

• Oligodendrocytes:– Closely related to

neurons– Provide myelin

protection for CNS neurons

Neurons and glial cells

Kuehnel, Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy

Neuron and glial cells

Kuehnel, Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy

Summary

• Nerve Tissue Cells:– Neurons:• Myelinated• Non-myelinated

Summary

• Nerve Tissue Cells:– Neurons:• Myelinated• Non-myelintaed

– Neuroglial cells:• Astrocytes • Microglia• Oligodendrocytes