Nepal Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Nov 2012 for...The IPC analysis is the...

Cambodia Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Version 2.0 Acute Food Security Situation Overview

Created on: 08 November 2012

Summary of causes, context and key issues This analysis covers all 23 provinces of Cambodia (only the capital Phnom Penh was not included). Ten provinces within the Plateau, Plain and Tonle Sap Agro-Ecological Zones were classified as being in IPC Phase III, while another 13 provinces were found to fall under IPC Phase II. The provinces depicting the highest levels of acute food insecurity problems are marked by a combination of higher child mortality rates, high prevalence of wasting amongst children, inadequate food consumption and elevated poverty. Comparatively high stunting and anemia rates in under 5 year old children suggest that co-existing chronic malnutrition exacerbates vulnerabilities and heightens the risk that populations fall into elevated levels of acute food insecurity when livelihoods are put under stress (for example due to floods, drought, food price increases, etc.).

Based on the analyzed data, food availability, as measured by the availability of rice, the staple food, is not seen as a limiting factor for food security in Cambodia.

IPC Cambodia Analyses Partners

Council for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD), National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM), National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development (NCDD), Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Ministry of Health (MoH), Ministry of Planning (MOP),

National Institute of Statistics (NIS), Ministry of Water Resource and Meteorology (MoWRAM), Ministry of Women's Affairs, Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Information, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MoEYS), Ministry of Health (MoH), National

Nutrition Programme (NNP) and National Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodian Red Cross (CRC), CARE Cambodia, Caritas, Famer and Natural Net (FNN), Helen Keller International (HKI), Life With Dignity (LWD), Medicam-Cambodia, Oxfam, Plan International,

Reproductive and Child Health Alliance (RACHA), Save the Children, World Vision, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), UNICEF and World Food Programme (WFP).

For more information please consult the Cambodia Food Security and Nutrition website (www.foodsecurity.gov.kh/) or contact H.E. Rath Virak, Secretary General of CARD, H.E. Srun Darith, Deputy Secretary General of CARD ([email protected]) or Mr. Meach Yady, National IPC Consultant

([email protected])

Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC)

http://www.foodsecurity.gov.kh/

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

C a m b o d i a A c u t e I P C F o o d S e c u r i t y A n a l y s i s , N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 2

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The IPC analysis is the outcome of an IPC Version 2.0 introduction, training and practice analysis process in Cambodia. The main purpose of the training & analysis was to build the capacity of a core group of national analysts, introduce the IPC Version 2.0 analysis system and conduct a practice analysis to gauge the feasibility of the project in this country. This exercise has helped lay the foundation to carry out in-depth analysis of acute and chronic food insecurity at the national and sub-national level, thus allowing decision makers access to better situational analysis. The present IPC Acute map is a product of the initial learning phase of the project and as such requires further training, the inclusion of more indicators, and more standardization and quality control of the analysis (which will be achieved in the immediate next phase) before it can be utilized as a standard IPC Acute Analysis.

Part 1: Background, Objectives & Achievements

Background Cambodia’s first Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) on the basis of the IPC Technical Manual Version 2.0 (IPC V 2.0) was successfully conducted from 1 to 8 November 2012. The IPC training and classification, funded by ECHO, is lead by the Council for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) on behalf of the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC). The IPC classification was undertaken through the collaborative effort of the Cambodian IPC Analyst Group (IPC AG), which consists of members from a wide range of Government bodies, UN agencies, NGOs and the academia who were specifically formed and trained for this purpose. The IPC Version 2.0 introduction fully builds on the ongoing RGC efforts to provide key stakeholders with improved tools for better food security decision making. More specifically, the national IPC Analyst Group builds on existing food security and nutrition (FSN) coordination and networking structures, which in Cambodia are mainly facilitated and led by the Technical Working Group on Food Security and Nutrition (TWG-FSN) co-chaired by CARD and the Ministry of Planning and facilitated by WFP. It furthermore uses the capacity and experience of the FSN Information Management Task Force, the FSN Data Analysis Team (FSNDAT), as well as other relevant working groups. The Cambodian national IPC Analyst Group (IPC AG) was established through the broadening of the existing Food Security and Nutrition Data Analysis Team (FSNDAT). To be fully equipped for this new IPC role, the FSNDAT was joined by additional FSN practitioners from a wider range of stakeholder agencies (including relevant Government bodies, Cambodian and international NGOs, UN Agencies and Programmes and the academia. Improving food security and nutrition (FSN) is an important development priority of the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC). The IPC is a set of protocols (tools and procedures) to classify the severity of food insecurity through the building of technical consensus and to provide actionable knowledge for decision support. The successful introduction of the IPC V 2.0 in Cambodia is thus very relevant in the context of food security analysis and decision making. Objectives The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Asia project has the following objectives for its current phase in Cambodia: a) To introduce and practice the IPC Version 2.0 analysis system; b) Ensure that key organizations are stakeholders of the IPC at the national level. c) Ensure that key thematic areas/expertise, such as food security, livelihoods, nutrition, agriculture

and natural resources, markets, climate, WASH, disaster, health, social welfare, development planning, etc., are represented in the IPC AG.


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d) Practice the IPC V 2.0 acute or chronic food insecurity analysis using actual data from Cambodia as part of the training to gauge the feasibility of the project in the country;

e) Establish a pool of trained and certified IPC analysts and IPC resource persons who can continue the IPC analysis

Achievements The notable achievements of this process are: 1. The Cambodia IPC Analyst Group (IPC-AG) has been formally established. It is chaired by CARD

and is comprised of FSN practitioners from organizations and ministries covering all major thematic areas influencing food and nutrition security. An IPC-AG core team, consisting of IPC analysts from CARD, NIS/MoP, MoH, MAFF, HKI, CARE Cambodia, World Vision Cambodia, RACHA, CRC, WFP, UNICEF and FAO has been formed to prepare, facilitate and peer-review the tasks of the larger IPC-AG.

2. The first comprehensive FSN analysis jointly conducted at the national level through the active participation and cooperation of 28 organizations and institutions including 13 RGOC bodies, 12 NGOs, UNICEF, WFP and FAO.

3. The production of Cambodia´s first IPC V 2.0 acute food security map and analysis report. 4. The formation of a pool of 38 certified IPC analysts, resulting in considerable capacity building

across the Government and the development sector of Cambodia. 5. The Council for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) have firmly stated their support and

appreciation of the IPC Version 2.0 and the results of the analysis. Furthermore, at the closing ceremony of the training / analysis workshop, the various attendees were informed of CARD’s commitment to this project over the longer-term.

The introduction of IPC V 2.0 in Cambodia has laid a solid foundation to carry out more in-depth analysis of acute and chronic food insecurity at the national and sub-national level in the future. The produced map is a result of the IPC training and practice analysis process and is as such subject to intrinsic technical limitations. Quality control protocols, for example, have not been fully complied with in line with global IPC standards due to time constraints. The documentation of lessons learned was an integral part of the initial phase of the IPC in Cambodia, allowing the identification of specific issues that will require further strengthening during the second phase, including the addressing of remaining capacity gaps and certain (during the process observed) inconsistencies in the analysis and interpretation of data. Furthermore, training to harmonize knowledge and further build analyst´s skills were identified as being key areas on which future technical support by the IPC Regional Support Unit would need to focus on. Since less time needs to be spent on the basic concepts during future classification exercises, there will also be more time to address quality control.

Part 2: Summary of the Analysis & Findings This Cambodia IPC Acute Analysis is the outcome of the following important processes: a) Consultation workshops Prior to the analysis, CARD in collaboration with the IPC Regional Support Unit (RSU), organized two national stakeholder meetings to raise awareness and sensitize key stakeholders on IPC V 2.0 and to decide on (i) the scope of the project, (ii) the IPC institutional home and set-up in Cambodia, (iii) the IPC Cambodia Work Plan and (iv) the Terms of Reference for the IPC Analyst Group. Representatives from relevant Government bodies, UN agencies, IPC Global Partners, INGOs and Cambodian NGOs participated in these consultation processes. b) Formation of the Cambodia IPC Analyst Group (IPC-AG) Under the leadership of CARD key IPC stakeholders in Cambodia established between September and October 2012 the IPC-AG, which is comprised of members from the following organizations:


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Council for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD)

National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM)

National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development (NCDD)

Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF)

Ministry of Health (MoH), National Nutrition Programme (NNP) and National Institute of Public Health (NOPH)

Ministry of Planning (MoP), National Institute of Statistics (NIS)

Ministry of Water Resource and Meteorology (MoWRAM)

Ministry of Women's Affairs (MoWA)

Ministry of Rural Development (MRD)

Ministry of Environment (MoE)

Ministry of Information (MoInf)

Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MoEYS)

Royal University of Agriculture

Cambodian Red Cross (CRC)

CARE Cambodia

Caritas Cambodia

Farmer and Natural Net (FNN)

Helen Keller International (HKI)

Life With Dignity (LWD)

Medicam-Cambodia

Oxfam

Plan International

Reproductive and Child Health Alliance (RACHA)

Save the Children International

World Vision Cambodia

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

United Nation Children’s Fund (UNICEF)

World Food Programme (WFP)

A total of 38 members from the above 28 organizations jointly conducted this IPC Acute Analysis in Cambodia. Prior to carrying out the actual analysis all members participated in a 3-day IPC V 2.0 training, covering the IPC methodology and the necessary tools. The training was facilitated by the IPC Regional Technical Adviser and the Senior International Food Security Consultant. Furthermore, a six-member delegation from the core analyst group (comprised of FSN experts from CARD, HKI, NIS, MAFF, MoH and WFP) participated as observers in the IPC analysis in Nepal; this experience provided first-hand exposure to the processes that lead to the successful piloting of IPC in the first of the six countries benefitting from the IPC Asia pilot project. The Cambodia IPC analyst core team consists of analysts from CARD, NIS/MoP, MoH, MAFF, HKI, CARE Cambodia, World Vision Cambodia, RACHA, CRC, WFP, UNICEF and FAO. Their main role is to prepare and facilitate the tasks of the larger IPC AG.

In Cambodia the Technical Working Group on Food Security and Nutrition (TWGFSN) took on the role of a national IPC steering committee. CARD and the MoP co-chair the TWGFSN, while WFP acts as a facilitator. Members are from relevant line ministries, donor agencies and NGOs. Key functions of the TWGFSN are i) to coordinate; ii) to share information among government ministries, donors and other organizations; iii) to monitor and provide feedback on progress towards national strategies and policies such as National Poverty Reduction Strategy (NPRS), Cambodia Millennium Development Goals (CMDGs) and the Rectangular Strategy; and iv) to formulate policies and strategies.

No Type of Organizations Number of IPC-AG participants

conducting the analysis

1 Government Institutions 19

2 UN agencies and programmes 05


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3 NGOs 13

4 Academia 01

TOTAL 38

c) Zoning Cambodia is comprised of 23 provinces and the Municipality of Phnom Penh in five agro ecological zones (Plateau/Mountainous, Plains, Tonle Sap, Costal and Phnom Penh). Taking into consideration the available data, the IPC-AG decided that the best way of conducting a first IPC V 2.0 analysis would be by province, whereby all 23 provinces were analysed (only Phnom Penh was not included).

d) Indicators The analysis incorporated a range of acute indicators pertaining to the following key elements.

Food availability Livelihood change Food access Nutrition and mortality Food consumption Hazards, vulnerability and coping strategies Food utilization

A list of 26 key indicators adapted to the context of Cambodia was established through a consultative process within the IPC-AG. This process included three prior steps: (1) a first pre-selection of 58 indicators out of initially over 110 potential indicators, (2) a second pre-selection of 38 indicators, and (3) setting the threshold levels for each indicator and for each phase where these were not already defined in the IPC V.2 manual. The list of core indicators is provided in Annex 1. Apart from the core indicators, participants had the option of using also other indicators relevant to their particular province(s) during the analysis.

e) IPC Acute Food Insecurity level and population estimates under the level Based on the availability of data, convergence of the evidence and expert knowledge each province was classified on a particular IPC Acute Food Insecurity phase based on group’s technical consensus. Estimates of the population percentage falling under the respective IPC phase in each analysed province were also decided based on the convergence of evidence, provincial population data and technical consensus. Overview of Food and Nutrition Security The IPC-AG classified ten provinces as IPC phase III and 13 provinces as IPC phase II. None of the analysed provinces were in phase I, phase IV or phase V (Note: details on the 5 phases of the IPC Acute Food Security Classification can be found in Annex 2). In a number of provinces analysts found near equal percentages of the population to be in IPC phase II and III, pointing towards the need to further refine the analysis process, review cut-off levels and possibly consider adding certain additional indicators during a next classification round.

The provinces depicting highest levels of acute food insecurity problems are marked by a combination of high child mortality rates, a high prevalence of wasted children (over 10% of children under five wasted in the majority of Cambodian provinces), inadequate food consumption and elevated poverty.

The comparatively high stunting and anaemia rates among children under five (nationwide, 40% are stunted and 55% anemic) suggests that co-existing chronic malnutrition exacerbates vulnerabilities and heightens the risk that population groups fall into elevated levels of acute food insecurity when livelihoods are put under stress (for example due to floods, drought, food price increases, etc.).

Disaster-related damages and destruction of resources remained rather low during the main 2012 cropping season. Nationwide floods and drought combined affected roughly 8% of rice fields and destroyed nearly 1.5%. At such levels the country produced a significant rice surplus. Food availability, as measured by the staple food, is therefore generally not a limiting factor for food security in Cambodia.


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Summary of Findings by Province The detailed analysis, findings, population estimations and worksheets for each province are available upon contacting Mr. Meach Yady, Cambodia IPC Consultant at [email protected]. Banteay Meanchey The IPC analysts concluded that approximately 55% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase II. Key contributing elements for this conclusion include the following:

The annual staple food production (rice) in the province not only fully covers the needs

of the provincial population, but has also increased about 2.2 percent in 2011.

The local price of rice decreased by 6% thus increasing access.

28.7% of the population are considered to be below the poverty line.

Malnutrition amongst children and women are the main factors affecting food security.

Battambang The IPC analysts concluded that 40% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase II. Key contributing elements for this conclusion include the following:

The Infant Mortality Rate is 45 per 1000 live births, while the Mortality Rate in children under 5 is 54 per 1000 live births. These levels are better than in most other provinces of the country (note that data for this indicator only exist for Pailin and Battambang provinces combined).

Despite disaster-related losses of some 12% the province managed to produce more than twice the amount of rice that is needed to feed the local population.

The percentage of women of reproductive age with a low BMI of <18.5 is with 13.9% lower than in most other provinces

The increase in the local price of rice since 2010 has put considerable stress on households that are net rice buyers.

Elevated levels of vulnerability in terms of landlessness (12.5%) and poverty.

Kampong Chhnang

The IPC analysts concluded that some 40% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase III. Key contributing elements for this conclusion include the following:

The mortality rate in children under 5 is with 97 cases per 1000 live births, close to twice that of the national average (54/1000 live births). Also high is the infant mortality rate (78 per 1000 live births)

The prevalence of anaemia in children under 5 stands at 63.5%, which is among the highest levels in the country.

The complementary feeding for breastfed children is poor in this province Poverty rate of 29.4% across the province

Kampong Thom The IPC analysts concluded that 42% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase III.

The provincial poverty rate of 31.3% is significantly above the national average The recorded provincial anaemia rate among children under 5 years of age (65.3%) is the

second highest in the country. Also high are wasting & stunting rates in under 5s.

During the dry season only 36% of the rural population has access to safe drinking water;

the ratio of persons per latrine in the province is 30.2

Pursat The IPC analysts concluded that 50% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase II.

Farmers in Pursat province manage to produce, despite elevated flood and drought risks, a significant rice surplus. Food availability in Pursat is considered to be very good


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The local rice price decreased by 3% in 2011. Although it is still high, the 2011 poverty rate (39%) is much reduced from the levels

recorded in 2004 (47%)

Siem Reap Approximately 55% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase II.

Although, food availability, access and other livelihood indicators have improved very much during the past years, the nutritional status and food consumption scores in Siem Reap Province are still poor.

Siem Reap’s main economic driving force is tourism, which has seen double-digit growth during the past years; However, tourism-related benefits are mainly concentrated in the urban areas around Angkor Wat, while the impact on the rural population remained so far much more limited.

Kampong Cham Approximately 55% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase II.

12% of children (0-59 months old) are wasted. The prevalence of anaemia in children (6-59 months old) is 55%, while records for stunting show a figure of 47%.

The poverty rate in Kampong Cham is 22.2% - below the national average. Despite the disaster related production losses, the province grows significantly more rice

than what is needed for the local consumption.

Kandal The IPC analysts concluded that 35% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase II.

Although, food availability, access and other livelihood indicators have improved very much during the past years, the nutritional status and food consumption scores in Kandal are still of concern.

10% of children (0-59 months old) are wasted. The prevalence of anaemia in children (6-59 months old) is 56%, while records for stunting show a figure of 35%.

As Kandal province serves as an economic belt around the capital Phnom Penh, poverty rates are 16% - significantly below the national average.

Prey Veng The IPC analysts concluded that 38% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase III.

The Depth Of Hunger or Dietary Energy Deficit is with 376 kcal per capita - the highest among all Cambodian provinces

The province is highly prone to floods and drought. Floods and drought destroyed a total of 18.5% of all rice fields in the province during 2011.

There was a sharp increase (23% year on year) in the local price of rice during 2011.

Svay Rieng The IPC analysts concluded that 41% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase II.

Although more than half of the provincial population lives in flood and drought prone areas, the actual destruction of rice fields remained during 2011 limited to just 5%

As a result, the province managed to produce a very high surplus of rice. The poverty rate (18.5%) and the level of landless households (3.1%) in Svay Rieng are

significantly lower than in most other Cambodian provinces Although, food availability, access and other livelihood indicators have improved very

much during the past years, the nutritional status, food consumption scores and mortality rates in Svay Rieng are still of concern.

Takeo The IPC analysts concluded that 39% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase III.

Infant and under 5 mortality rates are high (68 and 84 per 1000 live births respectively).


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Elevated levels of landless (13.1%) and women headed households (8.6%). 9.5% of children under 5 are wasted Flood and drought destroyed less than 3% of provincial rice fields in 2011. Coping strategy index is 12.22 Wasted children rate is 9.5% The province however produced a surplus of rice Poverty rate in this province is slightly above the national average. Local rice prices remained relatively stable with a year on year increase of 3% in 2011.

Kampong Speu Approximately 42% of the population in falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase III.

Main indicators for food consumption, the nutritional status and for livelihood change remain of concern in the province.

The Depth Of Hunger or Dietary Energy Deficit is with 302 kcal per capita, which is clearly higher than in most other Cambodian provinces.

16% of the population are classified as having poor and borderline food consumption. 20.5 % of Woman of Reproductive Age have a low Body Mass Index BMI of <18.5

Kratie Approximately 40% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase II.

Despite the destruction of 16.8% of its rice fields in 2011 due to floods, the province still managed to produce a significant surplus of rice

Local rice prices dropped by 10% on a year-on-year basis The percentage of children born with a low birth weight is 6.9% - significantly below the

national average Mondul Kiri The IPC analysts concluded that 35% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase III.

Only 4% of the population has access to safe drinking water source during the dry season. The province also features a very high ratio of people to latrine (38.9)

The percentage of breastfed children (6-23 months old) who receive foods from 4 or more food groups daily and receive age-appropriate frequency of meals in the province is low (14.4%).

23% of women of reproductive age have a low BMI of <18.5 (national level is 19%) 10.3% of children (0-59 months old) are wasted. The prevalence of anaemia in children

(6-59 months old) is 53.9%, while records for stunting show a figure of 54.9%. Mondul Kiri Province manages to produce a relatively important surplus of rice, but rice

prices increased by 13% on a year-on-year basis. 16% of the population are classified as

having a food poor and borderline food consumption score

Preah Vihear The IPC analysts concluded that 35% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase III.

The percentage of breastfed children (6-23 months old) who receive foods from 4 or more food groups daily and receive age-appropriate frequency of meals in the province is only 3.1%, which is (together with Steung Treng Province) by far the lowest in the country.

Only 6% of the population has access to safe drinking water source during the dry season. In addition, the province also features a very high ratio of people to latrine (59.3)

The poverty level is 29.9% Rattanak Kiri The IPC analysts concluded that 35% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase III.

10.3% of children (0-59 months old) are wasted. The prevalence of anaemia in children (6-59 months old) is 53.9%, while records for stunting show a figure of 54.9%.


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23% of women of reproductive age have a low BMI of <18.5 (national level is 19%). Local rice prices increased by 13% on a year-on-year basis. Percentage of population with access to safe drinking water source during the dry

season: 55%. The ratio of people to latrine is 40.5. Rattanak Kiri Province manages to produce a relatively surplus of rice.

16% of the population are classified as having a food poor and borderline food

consumption score.

Steung Treng

The IPC analysts concluded that 41% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase III. The Infant Mortality Rate is 95 per 1000 live births, while the Under 5 Years Mortality

Rate is 118 per 1000 live births (together with Preah Vihear the highest in the country). The percentage of breastfed children (6-23 months old) who receive foods from 4 or

more food groups daily and receive age-appropriate frequency of meals in the province is only 3.1%, which is (together with Preah Vihear Province) by far the lowest in the country.

The poverty rate in the province is 35.5% The rate of low birth weight is with 10.2% among the highest in the country

Otdar Meanchey

The IPC analysts concluded that 40% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase III. The province has the highest level of wasting (17.6%) in 0-59 month olds within

Cambodia. Otdar Meanchey has an elevated risk of drought. In 2011 18.9% of all rice fields were

affected by drought. 9.4% of households are landless. A high percentage of households in the province are poor. Poverty rate in this province is high at 30.1% Percentage of food insecure household is also high (16%) Coping strategy index is accountable for about 11 However, the province manages to produce a surplus of rice.

Pailin

The IPC analysts concluded that 44% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase II.

Even though total rainfall in Pailin tends to be less than that of other rice-production

focused provinces, there is still a rice production surplus of some 16%.

Proportions of female headed (0.3%) and landless households (2.7%) are relatively low.

The Infant Mortality Rate is 45 per 1000 live births, while the Under 5 Years Mortality

Rate is 54 per 1000 live births. These levels are better than in most other provinces of the

country (note that data for this indicator only exist for Pailin and Battambang provinces

combined).

Kampot

The IPC analysts concluded that 43% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase II. Flood and drought related destruction of rice fields was limited to just 2.5% in the past

cropping season, allowing the province to produce a considerable rice surplus. However, there has been a very important increase in local rice prices of 30%, negatively

affecting net rice-buyers including the poorer proportion of the population.

Food consumption related indicators are at levels that are better than the country

average (6.2% of the population is classified as having a poor and borderline food


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consumption score; the Depth Of Hunger or Dietary Energy Deficit is with 217 kcal per

capita, which is lower than in most other Cambodian provinces).

Koh Kong

The IPC analysts concluded that 35% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase II. Koh Kong Province clearly doesn´t produce enough rice for its own population and

therefore depends on significant quantities being brought to the local markets from other parts of the country.

Rainfall levels are by far the highest in the country &more than double the national average.

Food consumption related indicators are at levels that are near the country average or slightly better (the Depth Of Hunger or Dietary Energy Deficit is with 269 kcal per capita; 6.2% of the population are classified as having a food poor and borderline food consumption score).

Preah Sihanouk The IPC analysts concluded that Preah Sihanouk Province falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase II. Key contributing elements for this conclusion include the following:

Food consumption related indicators are at levels that are near the country average or slightly better (the Depth Of Hunger or Dietary Energy Deficit is with 269 kcal per capita; 6.2% of the population are classified as having a food poor and borderline food consumption score).

The recorded poverty rate is very high (40%), however, according to ID Poor 1 data only

10% of households are most vulnerable

The rice production within the province only covers a fraction of local needs as only 53%

of the total population engages in farming or fishing. The service sectors (mainly linked

to tourism, the international seaport and trade) make up for 44%.

Kep

The IPC analysts concluded that 30% of the population falls under acute food insecurity IPC phase II. The rice production in Kep matches the current local consumption, but at this level the

province is at risk of becoming dependent on external supplies should natural disasters cause any losses.

Local rice prices remained stable.

According to “ID Poor 1” data only 6% of households are most vulnerable.

Levels of female-headed (0.31%) and landless households (5.5%) are comparatively low.

Annex 1: List of Key / Basic Indicators identified for the Pilot Acute IPC analysis

Food Availability

Provincial rice production levels (expressed in the ratio of net production and food balance) Provincial fish catches (annual family level fish catches in kg/capita) Rainfall levels (mm/year)

Food Access Price of rice (increase/decrease in %; Riels per kg) Daily wage rates for unskilled labour (Riels) Terms of Trade for unskilled labour (expressed in kg of rice per day)

Nutrition Percentage of wasted children under 5 Prevalence of anaemia in children under 5 Percentage of stunted children under 5


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Percentage of women of reproductive age with a low BMI of <18.5 Prevalence of babies born with a low birth weight (%)

Food Utilization Percentage of breastfed children (6-23 months old) who received foods from 4 or more

groups and receive age-appropriate frequency of meals Mortality

Infant Mortality Rates (Death per 1,000 live births) Under 5 Mortality Rate (Death per 1,000 live births)

Livelihood Changes Poverty rate (% of the population) Percentage of female headed households Percentage of landless households

Food Consumption Food Consumption Score Depth of hunger / dietary energy deficit (kcal per capita)

Hazard and Vulnerability Impact of natural disasters (expressed in % of affected or destroyed rice fields due to drought

or floods; % of households affected by disasters) Percentage of the population living in flood and drought prone areas Coping Strategy Index Ratio of persons per latrine Percentage of the population with access to safe drinking water during the dry season

Note: The above indicators are the key indicators jointly identified by the IPC-AG as being important

indices. Apart from these, the technical analyst groups were free to use also other indicators thought

to be pertinent or useful for their respective provinces.

Main data sources: Annual Report, Ministry of Agriculture , Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), 2011 Monthly report of Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry (MAFF) –page 2011-2012 Annual Report, Ministry of Water Resource Management and Meteorology (MoWRAM),

2011 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey, National Institute of Statistic (NIS), Ministry of

Planning, 2010 Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey Report, National Institute of Statistic (NIS), Ministry of

Planning, 2009 Food Security Trend Analysis report, National Institute of Statistic (NIS), Ministry of Planning,

2009 Cambodia Food Security Vulnerability Analysis Report, World Food Program (CFSVA/WFP),

2011 Food Price and Wage database, World Food Programme (WFP), 2012 National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM), Flood situation report in 2011 and

other reports, 2011 National Committee for Sub-national Democratic Development (NCDD) Province Data Books,

2011 Annual Report 2010 of National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STD (NCHAD), March

2011 and other reports, 2012 Ministry of Planning, IDPoor Programme, 2011 General Population Census of Cambodia, 2008 http://www.tourismcambodia.com/travelguides/provinces http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siem_Reap_Province and other provinces, 2012

http://www.tourismcambodia.com/travelguides/provinces

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siem_Reap_Province


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Annex 2: IPC Area-based Acute Food Insecurity Reference Tables

*For both nutrition and mortality area outcomes, household food consumption deficits must be an explanatory factor in order for that evidence to

be used in support of a Phase classification. For example, elevated malnutrition due to disease outbreak or lack of health access—if it is determined

to not be related to food consumption deficits—should not be used as evidence for an IPC classification. Similarly, excess mortality rates due to,

murder or conflict –if they are not related to food consumption deficits--should not be used as evidence for a Phase classification. For Acute

Malnutrition, the IPC thresholds are based on % of children under 5 years that are below 2 standard deviations of weight for height or presence of

oedema. BMI is an acronym for Body Mass Index. CDR is Crude Death Rate. U5DR is Under 5 Death Rate.

Phase Name and

Description

Phase 1

More than four in five HHs

are able to meet essential

food and non-food needs

without engaging in

atypical, unsustainable

strategies to access food

and income, including any

reliance on humanitarian

assistance.

Phase 2

At least one in five HHs in

the area have the following

or worse:

Minimally adequate food

consumption but are

unable to afford some

essential non-food

expenditures without

engaging in irreversible

coping strategies

Phase 3

At least one in five HHs in the

area have the following or worse:

Food consumption gaps with high

or above usual acute

malnutrition;

OR

Are marginally able to meet

minimum food needs only

withaccelerated depletion of

livelihood assets that will lead to

food consumption gaps.

Phase 4


area have the following or

worse:

Large food consumption gaps

resulting in very high acute

malnutrition and excess

mortality;

OR

Extreme loss of livelihood

assets that will lead to food

consumption gaps in the short

term.

Phase 5


area havean extreme lack of food

and other basic needswhere

starvation, death, and destitution

are evident.

(Evidence for all three criteria of

food consumption, wasting, and

CDR is required to classify

Famine.)

Priority

Response

Objectives

Build resilience,

Disaster Risk Reduction

Disaster Risk Reduction,

Protect livelihoods

Urgent Action Required

Protect livelihoods, reduce

food consumption gaps, and

reduce acute malnutrition

Save lives &livelihoods Prevent widespread death and

total collapse of livelihoods

Are

a O

utc

om

es

(dir

ectl

y m

easu

red

or

infe

rred

)

Food

Consumption

&

Livelihood

Change

More than 80% of

households in the area are

able to meet basic food

needs without engaging in

atypical strategies to access

food and income&

livelihoods are sustainable

Based on the IPC Household

Group Reference Table, at

least 20% of the households

in the area are in Phase 2 or

worse

Based on the IPC Household Group Reference Table, at least 20% of the households in the area are in Phase 3 or worse


Group Reference Table, at

least 20% of the households in

the area are in Phase 4 or

worse


Group Reference Table, at least

20% of the households in the

area are in Phase 5

Nutritional

Status*

Acute Malnutrition: <5%

BMI <18.5 Prevalence:<10%

Acute Malnutrition : 5-10%,

BMI <18.5 Prevalence: 10-

20%

Acute Malnutrition : 10- 15% OR

> usual & increasing

BMI <18.5 Prevalence: 20-40% ,

1.5 x greater than reference

Acute Malnutrition : 15 – 30%;

OR > usual & increasing

BMI <18.5 Prevalence:>40%

Acute Malnutrition : >30%

BMI <18.5 Prevalence:far > 40%

Mortality*

CDR: <0.5/10,000/day

U5DR: ≤1/10,000/day

CDR: <0.5/10,000/day

U5DR: ≤1/10,000/day

CDR: 0.5-1/10,000/day

U5DR: 1-2/10,000/day

CDR: 1-2/10,000/day OR >2x

reference

U5DR: 2-4/10,000/day

CDR: >2/10,000/day

U5DR: >4/10,000/day

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