1. Pathology LabMalignant TumoursNeoplasia-2
5th November
Ravi A Patel

2. Memory (M++)
Picture of Metastatic
Tumour in Liver
Papillary
Carcinoma
Metastasizing
To Lymph node
Dermoid
Cyst
Gross &
Microscopic
Basal Cell CA
Wellpink
stained
H-mole
Gross &
Microscopic
Pulmonary
Embolus
Hashimotos
Thyroiditis
Basal
Cell CA
Skin
Infiltrating
Ductal CA
Breast
Squamous
Cell CA
Skin
Adeno
Carcinoma
Rectum
Thyroid
Hyperplasia
Amyloid
Thyroid
Hemangioma
Chart demo
3. Malignant tumours
Basal cell CA-Skin
Squamous cell CA-Skin
3. Infiltrating ductal CA
-Breast
4. Adenocarcinoma-Rectum
4. Pathways of Spread
Papillary CA- Metastatic to Lymph node
2.Tumor Embolus
5. Special Tumour
H-mole (Microscopic + Gross)
Dermoid Cyst
6. Immune
Thyroid Hyperplasia
Amyloid Thyroid
Hashimotos Thyroidoitis
7. Cellular Features of Malignant Tumours
Anaplasia- No differentiation
Pleomorphism (Size,shape and nucleus)
Mitosis increases(Atypical increase in mitosis)
Increase in N:C ratio
Hyperchromatic nucleus(highly stained)
8. Malignant Tumours
9. 10. Basal cell CA-Skin
Non-Invasive(No metastasis)
Epidermis + Nest of tumour cells
Peripherally arranged in Palisading/Picket Fence
11. Nests are formed by downward growth of
Basal cells deep into dermis
Nests are Formed in columns
and sheets of basophilic cells
Stroma around tends to seperate
And forms well defined space
Nests of Tumour cells
12. Well stained section of Basal cell CA
Palisading formation/Picket fencingis clear
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of Breast
Due to abnormally proliferating ductal lining cells, there is invasion of stroma
In normal breast tissue
Ducts= Stroma
Whereas in Infiltrating ductal carcinoma there is very little stroma
18. Normal Breast tissue is not found
HPO
Malignant Ductal lining cells
Observed to be arranged in
sheets
Pleomorphism
And Hyperchromatic
nuclei Of the ductal
lining cells
19. LPO
20. LPO
21. HPO
22. 23. Squamous cell carcinoma-Skin
Most common tumour arising from sun-exposed sites in older people.
Locating the area where epidermis show atypical cells
Keratinization of the squamous cells
Cells show Keratin pearls like structure within
Rest of cellular changes would be same as those manifested by all malignant tumours.
24. Keratin pearl
Within squamous cell
Atypical epidermal
cells
Hyperchromatic
Nuclei
25. Observing keratinization
Within the squamous cells
Seenin HPO
Next slide
26. Keratin pearls
27. 28. Adencarcinoma of Rectum
More differentiated
There is abnormal proliferation of the rectal glands
29. 30. Usually arising from
Adenomatous polyps
Atypical Gland
in mucosa layer
Well differentiated slide
Goblet cells are numerous
31. Pathways of Spread
32. 33. Papillary Carcinoma metastatic to lymph node
From Thyroid gland Lyphoid follicle with germinal center
It metastasize evenly
34. 35. LPO
Psamomma Body
36. HPO
Psamomma Body
37. Orphan Annie- Nuclei
HPO
38. 39. Tumour Embolus-Lung
Hematogenous spread of cancer cells result to embolization of the cells to distant site from the primary tumour
There are neoplastic cells with in the blood vessel which will lead to congestion caused by the obstruction in blood flow.
40. 41. 42. 43. Special Tumours
44. 45. Hydatidiform Mole
It is a benign tumour but can be converted to chorio carcinoma
Occurs in pregnancy, uterus becomes large..
3 Microscopic Changes Occurs
Hydrophic degeneration- stroma enlarges due to accumulation of water.
Cystic swelling
Proliferation of trophoblastic cells.
46. Gross Description
Endometrial cavity is occupied by grayish irregular to nodular tissues.
Nodules resemble small,cystic,translucent structures similar to small FISH EGGS.
These are actually swollen chorionic villi which have undergone hydrophic degeneration.
47. 48. Grayish Nodular Tissue
FISH EGGS- they are enlarged
Chorionic villi which have undergone
Hydrophic degeneration
49. At the pointer
Enlarged Chorionic VIlli
Syncitio-Trophoblast
Proliferation
50. Syncitio-Trophoblast
Proliferation
51. HPO
At the pointer
Enlarged Chorionic VIlli
Syncitio-Trophoblast
Proliferation
52. 53. Mature Cystic Teratoma-DermoidCyst,Ovary
A.K.A Mature Benign teratoma of totipotent cells.
Things to observe under microscope
Cystic wall & Ectodermal elements as stratified squamous epithelium with underlying hair follicles and sweat glands.
54. Gross
Ovary opened
Revelaing Inner lining epithelium of the cystic wall
Hair shafts and protruding incisor tooth from the wall.
55. 56. 57. Hair Shafts &
Protruding incisor
Tooth from the wall
58. 59. Cystic Wall
Ectodermal stratified
Sqamous epithelium
Sweat glands
Hair Follicle
60. Immune
61. 62. Thyroid Hyperplasia
It is an Autoimmune disease
A.K.A Graves Disease
Body produces Antibodies
There is increased thyroid hormones-Hyperthyroidism
Metabolism:-
Increased Thyroid function
Tremors
Weight loss after eating.
63. Increase in number of thyroid
follicular cells surrounding the
Acini.
64. 65. Amyloid Thyroid
Amyloid is a proteinaceous substance deposited between the adjacent cells.
Amyloid is pink hyalinized material.
Amyloid is seen to be compressing the thyroid acini.
66. Deposition of amyloid
Around the acini
67. 68. Hashimotos Throiditis
It is a disease occuring due to T-lymphocyte defect, b lymphocyte also produces antibodies against the thyroid antigens.
There is replacement of thyroid parenchymaby Lymphocytic infiltrates.
In some areas lymphoid follicles are found.
Remnants of thyroid follicles show atrophy but some are swollen with pinkish,granular cytoplasm Hurthle cells
69. Hurthle cells
Lymphocyte infiltrates
At the pointer
70. Thanking to the entire Universe