Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal...

33
Neonatal Hypoglycæmi , naturlig forebyggelse Bruges Best Practice til nyfødte i Danmark? Bente Thorup Dalsgaard Sygeplejerske, IBCLC Barselsafsnit 11 2016

Transcript of Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal...

Page 1: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi naturlig forebyggelse

Bruges Best Practice til nyfoslashdte i Danmark

Bente Thorup Dalsgaard

Sygeplejerske IBCLC

Barselsafsnit 11

2016

Amning

hjaeliglpestoffer

naeligringsstoffer

tegn paring god sutteteknik

mors observationer

sundhedsprofessionelle observationer og

vurderinger

Hud kontakt

rdquohud mod hudrdquo

feedbackmekanismer mellem mor og barn

non farmakologiske

faktorer til forebyggelse af hypoglycaeligmi

Nyfoslashdte af moslashdre

med GDM

Tilfoslashjet slide efter oplaeligg

bull Lokalaftalen er at ligger hud mod hud de foslashrste to timer

og at barnet dier inden overflytning til barselsafdeling

bull Hvis barnet ikke evner at sutte hjaeliglpes mor med

haringndudmalkning og barnet faringr maeliglken med det samme

bull Hvis barnet ikke har suttet inden overflytning bevares hud

mod hud kontakten i overflytningen evt som kaelignguro

opbundet Paring afdelingen hjaeliglpes parret igen med at

etablere amning Hvis barnet ikke sutter udmalkes mindst

hver 3 time og barnet faringr maeliglken med det samme

bull Der opfordres til kontinuerlig hud mod hud

BD 12516

GDM kvalitetsstudie 2009-14

Samlet vurdering de foslashrste 4 timer

bull Kun 11 har bs lt 25

mmoll mod 23 foslashr

bull Blodsukker 1tpp fra de

retrospektive forloslashb er

IKKE medtaget da vi ved

at dette blodsukker er

fysiologisk lavt og derfor

ikke goslashr andet i dette

tilfaeliglde end at oslashge

antallet af boslashrn med

hypoglycaeligmi foslashr til 38

Grundlag Retrospektivt 141 boslashrn

Prospektivt 417 boslashrn

Amning

bull En oslashgning paring 77

flere amninger paring de

foslashrste 6 timer er en

signifikant forbedring

bull Dermed har boslashrnene

formentlig indtaget

vaeligsentlig mere raringmaeliglk

end boslashrnene foslashr

aeligndringen

Amning de foslashrste to timer efter foslashdslen

Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi

Oplaeliggget er baseret paring viden om

nyfoslashdte ge 35deg Praeligmature derunder har

jeg ingen forudsaeligtninger for at tale om

Det vides ikke

hvor kort eller

lang en

tidsperiode med et

lavere blodsukker

skal vaeligre foslashr det

giver foslashlger

Det vides ikke

hvilket

blodsukkerniveau

der er mest sikkert

Det vides ikke

hvor graelignsen

garingr mellem

skade ikke-

skade

Vi er alle

bange for at et

barn faringr

senfoslashlger efter

hypoglycaeligmi

Burns Patterns of cerebral injury and

neurodevelopmental outcomes after symptomatic neonatal

hypoglycemia Pediatrics 2008

bull Alle var symptomatiske ge 37deg 61 havde kramper

bull Median bs paring 10 mmoll 86 havde

bs le15 mmoll 1 el flere gange flest 1 doslashgn

bull Alle havde neurologisk dysfunktion indenfor 1 uge

bull 40 IUGR (flest asymmetriske)

bull Overvaeliggt af moslashdre med DM eller hypertension

bull Akut sectio pga barnet

18 mdr boslashrn med forbigaringende tidlig hypoglycaeligmi eller ingen kramper udviklede

sig normalt trods WM-skade undtaget 1 barn

Win Tin 2014 566 praeligmature 47 laeligngerevarende svaeligr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Samme udvikling som parrede kontrolboslashrn hhv 2 og 15 aringr efter

Hypoglykaeligmi kohorte

bull 404 boslashrn i risiko for hypoglykaeligmi foslashlges i 2 aringr 53

havde bs lt 26 mmoll

bull Standard glucosemaringling og kontinuerlig skjult glucose

maringling i de foslashrste 48 timer eller til stabilt blodsukker

bull Overraskende var der 23 der havde lavt blodsukker

uden at det blev opdaget

Udvikling ved 24 maringneder

bull Ingen signifikant forskel i neurologisk udvikling eller

problemloslashsningsevne

bull Det ses dog at boslashrn der laring hoslashjt i bs (gt4) de foslashrste 12 timer

efter et bs-fald fik laveste score i neurologisk udvikling

bull Det tyder paring at et stabilt middel blodsukker er maringletMcKinlay 2015

Normale boslashrn

bull Glucose er eacuten af mange energikilder

for det nyfoslashdte barn

bull Hoseth 2000 laveste blodsukker 14

mmoll 1 time efter foslashdslen median 31

mmol l (14 til 53)

bull Hapo studiet 2010 Mean 32 mmol plusmn

09

Normale hjaeliglpesystemer

bull Ketogenese Normale nyfoslashdte har en

optil 40 x kapacitet af en voksen til at

starte ketogenese som skaffer energi

til barnet

bull Laktat betragtes som rdquoskurkrdquo men er

ogsaring en stor energi kilde da 2 x lactat

= glucose

Processer og tilfoslashrsel via colostrum

bull Glycogenolyse = omdannelse af glycogen

bull Gluconeogenese = nydannelse af glucose

bull Lipolyse = omdannelse af fedt til frie fedtsyrer

bull Ketogenese = udnyttelse af frie fedtsyrer til energi

Colostrum indeholder

bull Oligosaccharider Laktat laktose

bull Fedtsyrer monoumaeligttet fedt fedtmolekyler er store

energitaeligtte og medbringer selv lipase

bull Aminosyrer og proteiner

bull Vaeligkstfaktorer til hurtig transport af naeligringsstoffer

HYPOGLYCAEligMI

Alternative tilgange

bull Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi er ikke en egentlig diagnose men en

beskrivelse af en tilstand

bull En tilstand hvor barnets metaboliske tilpasningsevne er reduceret og

DERFOR faringr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Alle nyfoslashdte har en back-up plan i form af alternative energikilder nogle boslashrn dog i

reduceret grad og DE er i risiko for hypoglycaeligmiCornblathM HawdonJM

Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia

suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 2000 105 5 1141-1145

Der sker rigtig meget lige nu paring det laeliggefaglige omraringde (Win Tin 2014) Nye

forslag er at

bull asymptomatiske boslashrn er hypoglycaeligmiske med et bs lt 20 ogsaring ved naeligste

maringling altsaring over laeligngere tid og ikke kun eacuten vaeligrdi

bull Der maring kun vaeligre eacuten maringling lt 10 behandles straks

bull Ved symptomer skal der ogsaring reageres med det samme v bslt 25

Deacutet er laeliggefaglige beslutninger som vi maringske faringr at se

Hvem er Risikoboslashrn

Halvdelen af boslashrnene i Sugar Baby study

udaf 514 risikoboslashrn havde

51 bs lt 26 20 lt 20

Fordelingen i grupperne er helt ens

bull 79 var asymptomatiske

bull 15 var for traeligtte til at sutte

bull 7 sitrede

Incidence of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Babies Identified as at Risk

Deborah L Harris

2012 J of Pediatrics

Burde vi taelignke Hvad

er dette barns

specifikke evne til

metabolisk tilpasning

efter foslashdslen og

hvordan stoslashtter vi

barnet bedst paring

naturlig vis i denne

proces og stadig

forebygger skade

Saeligrlige risikoboslashrn

bull IUGR boslashrn kan vaeligre meget uforudsigelige Deres

pancreas kan vaeligre overaktiv og dermed udsende for

meget insulin og pancreas kan vaeligre haeligmmet

bull Saeligrlig de boslashrn der er asymmetriske i deres vaeligkst

Soslashgning af litteratur

En hurtig PubMed soslashgning giver foslashlgende

1Neonatal hypoglycemia 2404

2Breastfeeding 36873

3Colostrum 7435

1+2 70

1+3 3

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 2: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Amning

hjaeliglpestoffer

naeligringsstoffer

tegn paring god sutteteknik

mors observationer

sundhedsprofessionelle observationer og

vurderinger

Hud kontakt

rdquohud mod hudrdquo

feedbackmekanismer mellem mor og barn

non farmakologiske

faktorer til forebyggelse af hypoglycaeligmi

Nyfoslashdte af moslashdre

med GDM

Tilfoslashjet slide efter oplaeligg

bull Lokalaftalen er at ligger hud mod hud de foslashrste to timer

og at barnet dier inden overflytning til barselsafdeling

bull Hvis barnet ikke evner at sutte hjaeliglpes mor med

haringndudmalkning og barnet faringr maeliglken med det samme

bull Hvis barnet ikke har suttet inden overflytning bevares hud

mod hud kontakten i overflytningen evt som kaelignguro

opbundet Paring afdelingen hjaeliglpes parret igen med at

etablere amning Hvis barnet ikke sutter udmalkes mindst

hver 3 time og barnet faringr maeliglken med det samme

bull Der opfordres til kontinuerlig hud mod hud

BD 12516

GDM kvalitetsstudie 2009-14

Samlet vurdering de foslashrste 4 timer

bull Kun 11 har bs lt 25

mmoll mod 23 foslashr

bull Blodsukker 1tpp fra de

retrospektive forloslashb er

IKKE medtaget da vi ved

at dette blodsukker er

fysiologisk lavt og derfor

ikke goslashr andet i dette

tilfaeliglde end at oslashge

antallet af boslashrn med

hypoglycaeligmi foslashr til 38

Grundlag Retrospektivt 141 boslashrn

Prospektivt 417 boslashrn

Amning

bull En oslashgning paring 77

flere amninger paring de

foslashrste 6 timer er en

signifikant forbedring

bull Dermed har boslashrnene

formentlig indtaget

vaeligsentlig mere raringmaeliglk

end boslashrnene foslashr

aeligndringen

Amning de foslashrste to timer efter foslashdslen

Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi

Oplaeliggget er baseret paring viden om

nyfoslashdte ge 35deg Praeligmature derunder har

jeg ingen forudsaeligtninger for at tale om

Det vides ikke

hvor kort eller

lang en

tidsperiode med et

lavere blodsukker

skal vaeligre foslashr det

giver foslashlger

Det vides ikke

hvilket

blodsukkerniveau

der er mest sikkert

Det vides ikke

hvor graelignsen

garingr mellem

skade ikke-

skade

Vi er alle

bange for at et

barn faringr

senfoslashlger efter

hypoglycaeligmi

Burns Patterns of cerebral injury and

neurodevelopmental outcomes after symptomatic neonatal

hypoglycemia Pediatrics 2008

bull Alle var symptomatiske ge 37deg 61 havde kramper

bull Median bs paring 10 mmoll 86 havde

bs le15 mmoll 1 el flere gange flest 1 doslashgn

bull Alle havde neurologisk dysfunktion indenfor 1 uge

bull 40 IUGR (flest asymmetriske)

bull Overvaeliggt af moslashdre med DM eller hypertension

bull Akut sectio pga barnet

18 mdr boslashrn med forbigaringende tidlig hypoglycaeligmi eller ingen kramper udviklede

sig normalt trods WM-skade undtaget 1 barn

Win Tin 2014 566 praeligmature 47 laeligngerevarende svaeligr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Samme udvikling som parrede kontrolboslashrn hhv 2 og 15 aringr efter

Hypoglykaeligmi kohorte

bull 404 boslashrn i risiko for hypoglykaeligmi foslashlges i 2 aringr 53

havde bs lt 26 mmoll

bull Standard glucosemaringling og kontinuerlig skjult glucose

maringling i de foslashrste 48 timer eller til stabilt blodsukker

bull Overraskende var der 23 der havde lavt blodsukker

uden at det blev opdaget

Udvikling ved 24 maringneder

bull Ingen signifikant forskel i neurologisk udvikling eller

problemloslashsningsevne

bull Det ses dog at boslashrn der laring hoslashjt i bs (gt4) de foslashrste 12 timer

efter et bs-fald fik laveste score i neurologisk udvikling

bull Det tyder paring at et stabilt middel blodsukker er maringletMcKinlay 2015

Normale boslashrn

bull Glucose er eacuten af mange energikilder

for det nyfoslashdte barn

bull Hoseth 2000 laveste blodsukker 14

mmoll 1 time efter foslashdslen median 31

mmol l (14 til 53)

bull Hapo studiet 2010 Mean 32 mmol plusmn

09

Normale hjaeliglpesystemer

bull Ketogenese Normale nyfoslashdte har en

optil 40 x kapacitet af en voksen til at

starte ketogenese som skaffer energi

til barnet

bull Laktat betragtes som rdquoskurkrdquo men er

ogsaring en stor energi kilde da 2 x lactat

= glucose

Processer og tilfoslashrsel via colostrum

bull Glycogenolyse = omdannelse af glycogen

bull Gluconeogenese = nydannelse af glucose

bull Lipolyse = omdannelse af fedt til frie fedtsyrer

bull Ketogenese = udnyttelse af frie fedtsyrer til energi

Colostrum indeholder

bull Oligosaccharider Laktat laktose

bull Fedtsyrer monoumaeligttet fedt fedtmolekyler er store

energitaeligtte og medbringer selv lipase

bull Aminosyrer og proteiner

bull Vaeligkstfaktorer til hurtig transport af naeligringsstoffer

HYPOGLYCAEligMI

Alternative tilgange

bull Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi er ikke en egentlig diagnose men en

beskrivelse af en tilstand

bull En tilstand hvor barnets metaboliske tilpasningsevne er reduceret og

DERFOR faringr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Alle nyfoslashdte har en back-up plan i form af alternative energikilder nogle boslashrn dog i

reduceret grad og DE er i risiko for hypoglycaeligmiCornblathM HawdonJM

Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia

suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 2000 105 5 1141-1145

Der sker rigtig meget lige nu paring det laeliggefaglige omraringde (Win Tin 2014) Nye

forslag er at

bull asymptomatiske boslashrn er hypoglycaeligmiske med et bs lt 20 ogsaring ved naeligste

maringling altsaring over laeligngere tid og ikke kun eacuten vaeligrdi

bull Der maring kun vaeligre eacuten maringling lt 10 behandles straks

bull Ved symptomer skal der ogsaring reageres med det samme v bslt 25

Deacutet er laeliggefaglige beslutninger som vi maringske faringr at se

Hvem er Risikoboslashrn

Halvdelen af boslashrnene i Sugar Baby study

udaf 514 risikoboslashrn havde

51 bs lt 26 20 lt 20

Fordelingen i grupperne er helt ens

bull 79 var asymptomatiske

bull 15 var for traeligtte til at sutte

bull 7 sitrede

Incidence of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Babies Identified as at Risk

Deborah L Harris

2012 J of Pediatrics

Burde vi taelignke Hvad

er dette barns

specifikke evne til

metabolisk tilpasning

efter foslashdslen og

hvordan stoslashtter vi

barnet bedst paring

naturlig vis i denne

proces og stadig

forebygger skade

Saeligrlige risikoboslashrn

bull IUGR boslashrn kan vaeligre meget uforudsigelige Deres

pancreas kan vaeligre overaktiv og dermed udsende for

meget insulin og pancreas kan vaeligre haeligmmet

bull Saeligrlig de boslashrn der er asymmetriske i deres vaeligkst

Soslashgning af litteratur

En hurtig PubMed soslashgning giver foslashlgende

1Neonatal hypoglycemia 2404

2Breastfeeding 36873

3Colostrum 7435

1+2 70

1+3 3

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 3: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Tilfoslashjet slide efter oplaeligg

bull Lokalaftalen er at ligger hud mod hud de foslashrste to timer

og at barnet dier inden overflytning til barselsafdeling

bull Hvis barnet ikke evner at sutte hjaeliglpes mor med

haringndudmalkning og barnet faringr maeliglken med det samme

bull Hvis barnet ikke har suttet inden overflytning bevares hud

mod hud kontakten i overflytningen evt som kaelignguro

opbundet Paring afdelingen hjaeliglpes parret igen med at

etablere amning Hvis barnet ikke sutter udmalkes mindst

hver 3 time og barnet faringr maeliglken med det samme

bull Der opfordres til kontinuerlig hud mod hud

BD 12516

GDM kvalitetsstudie 2009-14

Samlet vurdering de foslashrste 4 timer

bull Kun 11 har bs lt 25

mmoll mod 23 foslashr

bull Blodsukker 1tpp fra de

retrospektive forloslashb er

IKKE medtaget da vi ved

at dette blodsukker er

fysiologisk lavt og derfor

ikke goslashr andet i dette

tilfaeliglde end at oslashge

antallet af boslashrn med

hypoglycaeligmi foslashr til 38

Grundlag Retrospektivt 141 boslashrn

Prospektivt 417 boslashrn

Amning

bull En oslashgning paring 77

flere amninger paring de

foslashrste 6 timer er en

signifikant forbedring

bull Dermed har boslashrnene

formentlig indtaget

vaeligsentlig mere raringmaeliglk

end boslashrnene foslashr

aeligndringen

Amning de foslashrste to timer efter foslashdslen

Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi

Oplaeliggget er baseret paring viden om

nyfoslashdte ge 35deg Praeligmature derunder har

jeg ingen forudsaeligtninger for at tale om

Det vides ikke

hvor kort eller

lang en

tidsperiode med et

lavere blodsukker

skal vaeligre foslashr det

giver foslashlger

Det vides ikke

hvilket

blodsukkerniveau

der er mest sikkert

Det vides ikke

hvor graelignsen

garingr mellem

skade ikke-

skade

Vi er alle

bange for at et

barn faringr

senfoslashlger efter

hypoglycaeligmi

Burns Patterns of cerebral injury and

neurodevelopmental outcomes after symptomatic neonatal

hypoglycemia Pediatrics 2008

bull Alle var symptomatiske ge 37deg 61 havde kramper

bull Median bs paring 10 mmoll 86 havde

bs le15 mmoll 1 el flere gange flest 1 doslashgn

bull Alle havde neurologisk dysfunktion indenfor 1 uge

bull 40 IUGR (flest asymmetriske)

bull Overvaeliggt af moslashdre med DM eller hypertension

bull Akut sectio pga barnet

18 mdr boslashrn med forbigaringende tidlig hypoglycaeligmi eller ingen kramper udviklede

sig normalt trods WM-skade undtaget 1 barn

Win Tin 2014 566 praeligmature 47 laeligngerevarende svaeligr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Samme udvikling som parrede kontrolboslashrn hhv 2 og 15 aringr efter

Hypoglykaeligmi kohorte

bull 404 boslashrn i risiko for hypoglykaeligmi foslashlges i 2 aringr 53

havde bs lt 26 mmoll

bull Standard glucosemaringling og kontinuerlig skjult glucose

maringling i de foslashrste 48 timer eller til stabilt blodsukker

bull Overraskende var der 23 der havde lavt blodsukker

uden at det blev opdaget

Udvikling ved 24 maringneder

bull Ingen signifikant forskel i neurologisk udvikling eller

problemloslashsningsevne

bull Det ses dog at boslashrn der laring hoslashjt i bs (gt4) de foslashrste 12 timer

efter et bs-fald fik laveste score i neurologisk udvikling

bull Det tyder paring at et stabilt middel blodsukker er maringletMcKinlay 2015

Normale boslashrn

bull Glucose er eacuten af mange energikilder

for det nyfoslashdte barn

bull Hoseth 2000 laveste blodsukker 14

mmoll 1 time efter foslashdslen median 31

mmol l (14 til 53)

bull Hapo studiet 2010 Mean 32 mmol plusmn

09

Normale hjaeliglpesystemer

bull Ketogenese Normale nyfoslashdte har en

optil 40 x kapacitet af en voksen til at

starte ketogenese som skaffer energi

til barnet

bull Laktat betragtes som rdquoskurkrdquo men er

ogsaring en stor energi kilde da 2 x lactat

= glucose

Processer og tilfoslashrsel via colostrum

bull Glycogenolyse = omdannelse af glycogen

bull Gluconeogenese = nydannelse af glucose

bull Lipolyse = omdannelse af fedt til frie fedtsyrer

bull Ketogenese = udnyttelse af frie fedtsyrer til energi

Colostrum indeholder

bull Oligosaccharider Laktat laktose

bull Fedtsyrer monoumaeligttet fedt fedtmolekyler er store

energitaeligtte og medbringer selv lipase

bull Aminosyrer og proteiner

bull Vaeligkstfaktorer til hurtig transport af naeligringsstoffer

HYPOGLYCAEligMI

Alternative tilgange

bull Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi er ikke en egentlig diagnose men en

beskrivelse af en tilstand

bull En tilstand hvor barnets metaboliske tilpasningsevne er reduceret og

DERFOR faringr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Alle nyfoslashdte har en back-up plan i form af alternative energikilder nogle boslashrn dog i

reduceret grad og DE er i risiko for hypoglycaeligmiCornblathM HawdonJM

Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia

suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 2000 105 5 1141-1145

Der sker rigtig meget lige nu paring det laeliggefaglige omraringde (Win Tin 2014) Nye

forslag er at

bull asymptomatiske boslashrn er hypoglycaeligmiske med et bs lt 20 ogsaring ved naeligste

maringling altsaring over laeligngere tid og ikke kun eacuten vaeligrdi

bull Der maring kun vaeligre eacuten maringling lt 10 behandles straks

bull Ved symptomer skal der ogsaring reageres med det samme v bslt 25

Deacutet er laeliggefaglige beslutninger som vi maringske faringr at se

Hvem er Risikoboslashrn

Halvdelen af boslashrnene i Sugar Baby study

udaf 514 risikoboslashrn havde

51 bs lt 26 20 lt 20

Fordelingen i grupperne er helt ens

bull 79 var asymptomatiske

bull 15 var for traeligtte til at sutte

bull 7 sitrede

Incidence of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Babies Identified as at Risk

Deborah L Harris

2012 J of Pediatrics

Burde vi taelignke Hvad

er dette barns

specifikke evne til

metabolisk tilpasning

efter foslashdslen og

hvordan stoslashtter vi

barnet bedst paring

naturlig vis i denne

proces og stadig

forebygger skade

Saeligrlige risikoboslashrn

bull IUGR boslashrn kan vaeligre meget uforudsigelige Deres

pancreas kan vaeligre overaktiv og dermed udsende for

meget insulin og pancreas kan vaeligre haeligmmet

bull Saeligrlig de boslashrn der er asymmetriske i deres vaeligkst

Soslashgning af litteratur

En hurtig PubMed soslashgning giver foslashlgende

1Neonatal hypoglycemia 2404

2Breastfeeding 36873

3Colostrum 7435

1+2 70

1+3 3

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 4: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

GDM kvalitetsstudie 2009-14

Samlet vurdering de foslashrste 4 timer

bull Kun 11 har bs lt 25

mmoll mod 23 foslashr

bull Blodsukker 1tpp fra de

retrospektive forloslashb er

IKKE medtaget da vi ved

at dette blodsukker er

fysiologisk lavt og derfor

ikke goslashr andet i dette

tilfaeliglde end at oslashge

antallet af boslashrn med

hypoglycaeligmi foslashr til 38

Grundlag Retrospektivt 141 boslashrn

Prospektivt 417 boslashrn

Amning

bull En oslashgning paring 77

flere amninger paring de

foslashrste 6 timer er en

signifikant forbedring

bull Dermed har boslashrnene

formentlig indtaget

vaeligsentlig mere raringmaeliglk

end boslashrnene foslashr

aeligndringen

Amning de foslashrste to timer efter foslashdslen

Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi

Oplaeliggget er baseret paring viden om

nyfoslashdte ge 35deg Praeligmature derunder har

jeg ingen forudsaeligtninger for at tale om

Det vides ikke

hvor kort eller

lang en

tidsperiode med et

lavere blodsukker

skal vaeligre foslashr det

giver foslashlger

Det vides ikke

hvilket

blodsukkerniveau

der er mest sikkert

Det vides ikke

hvor graelignsen

garingr mellem

skade ikke-

skade

Vi er alle

bange for at et

barn faringr

senfoslashlger efter

hypoglycaeligmi

Burns Patterns of cerebral injury and

neurodevelopmental outcomes after symptomatic neonatal

hypoglycemia Pediatrics 2008

bull Alle var symptomatiske ge 37deg 61 havde kramper

bull Median bs paring 10 mmoll 86 havde

bs le15 mmoll 1 el flere gange flest 1 doslashgn

bull Alle havde neurologisk dysfunktion indenfor 1 uge

bull 40 IUGR (flest asymmetriske)

bull Overvaeliggt af moslashdre med DM eller hypertension

bull Akut sectio pga barnet

18 mdr boslashrn med forbigaringende tidlig hypoglycaeligmi eller ingen kramper udviklede

sig normalt trods WM-skade undtaget 1 barn

Win Tin 2014 566 praeligmature 47 laeligngerevarende svaeligr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Samme udvikling som parrede kontrolboslashrn hhv 2 og 15 aringr efter

Hypoglykaeligmi kohorte

bull 404 boslashrn i risiko for hypoglykaeligmi foslashlges i 2 aringr 53

havde bs lt 26 mmoll

bull Standard glucosemaringling og kontinuerlig skjult glucose

maringling i de foslashrste 48 timer eller til stabilt blodsukker

bull Overraskende var der 23 der havde lavt blodsukker

uden at det blev opdaget

Udvikling ved 24 maringneder

bull Ingen signifikant forskel i neurologisk udvikling eller

problemloslashsningsevne

bull Det ses dog at boslashrn der laring hoslashjt i bs (gt4) de foslashrste 12 timer

efter et bs-fald fik laveste score i neurologisk udvikling

bull Det tyder paring at et stabilt middel blodsukker er maringletMcKinlay 2015

Normale boslashrn

bull Glucose er eacuten af mange energikilder

for det nyfoslashdte barn

bull Hoseth 2000 laveste blodsukker 14

mmoll 1 time efter foslashdslen median 31

mmol l (14 til 53)

bull Hapo studiet 2010 Mean 32 mmol plusmn

09

Normale hjaeliglpesystemer

bull Ketogenese Normale nyfoslashdte har en

optil 40 x kapacitet af en voksen til at

starte ketogenese som skaffer energi

til barnet

bull Laktat betragtes som rdquoskurkrdquo men er

ogsaring en stor energi kilde da 2 x lactat

= glucose

Processer og tilfoslashrsel via colostrum

bull Glycogenolyse = omdannelse af glycogen

bull Gluconeogenese = nydannelse af glucose

bull Lipolyse = omdannelse af fedt til frie fedtsyrer

bull Ketogenese = udnyttelse af frie fedtsyrer til energi

Colostrum indeholder

bull Oligosaccharider Laktat laktose

bull Fedtsyrer monoumaeligttet fedt fedtmolekyler er store

energitaeligtte og medbringer selv lipase

bull Aminosyrer og proteiner

bull Vaeligkstfaktorer til hurtig transport af naeligringsstoffer

HYPOGLYCAEligMI

Alternative tilgange

bull Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi er ikke en egentlig diagnose men en

beskrivelse af en tilstand

bull En tilstand hvor barnets metaboliske tilpasningsevne er reduceret og

DERFOR faringr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Alle nyfoslashdte har en back-up plan i form af alternative energikilder nogle boslashrn dog i

reduceret grad og DE er i risiko for hypoglycaeligmiCornblathM HawdonJM

Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia

suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 2000 105 5 1141-1145

Der sker rigtig meget lige nu paring det laeliggefaglige omraringde (Win Tin 2014) Nye

forslag er at

bull asymptomatiske boslashrn er hypoglycaeligmiske med et bs lt 20 ogsaring ved naeligste

maringling altsaring over laeligngere tid og ikke kun eacuten vaeligrdi

bull Der maring kun vaeligre eacuten maringling lt 10 behandles straks

bull Ved symptomer skal der ogsaring reageres med det samme v bslt 25

Deacutet er laeliggefaglige beslutninger som vi maringske faringr at se

Hvem er Risikoboslashrn

Halvdelen af boslashrnene i Sugar Baby study

udaf 514 risikoboslashrn havde

51 bs lt 26 20 lt 20

Fordelingen i grupperne er helt ens

bull 79 var asymptomatiske

bull 15 var for traeligtte til at sutte

bull 7 sitrede

Incidence of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Babies Identified as at Risk

Deborah L Harris

2012 J of Pediatrics

Burde vi taelignke Hvad

er dette barns

specifikke evne til

metabolisk tilpasning

efter foslashdslen og

hvordan stoslashtter vi

barnet bedst paring

naturlig vis i denne

proces og stadig

forebygger skade

Saeligrlige risikoboslashrn

bull IUGR boslashrn kan vaeligre meget uforudsigelige Deres

pancreas kan vaeligre overaktiv og dermed udsende for

meget insulin og pancreas kan vaeligre haeligmmet

bull Saeligrlig de boslashrn der er asymmetriske i deres vaeligkst

Soslashgning af litteratur

En hurtig PubMed soslashgning giver foslashlgende

1Neonatal hypoglycemia 2404

2Breastfeeding 36873

3Colostrum 7435

1+2 70

1+3 3

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 5: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Amning

bull En oslashgning paring 77

flere amninger paring de

foslashrste 6 timer er en

signifikant forbedring

bull Dermed har boslashrnene

formentlig indtaget

vaeligsentlig mere raringmaeliglk

end boslashrnene foslashr

aeligndringen

Amning de foslashrste to timer efter foslashdslen

Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi

Oplaeliggget er baseret paring viden om

nyfoslashdte ge 35deg Praeligmature derunder har

jeg ingen forudsaeligtninger for at tale om

Det vides ikke

hvor kort eller

lang en

tidsperiode med et

lavere blodsukker

skal vaeligre foslashr det

giver foslashlger

Det vides ikke

hvilket

blodsukkerniveau

der er mest sikkert

Det vides ikke

hvor graelignsen

garingr mellem

skade ikke-

skade

Vi er alle

bange for at et

barn faringr

senfoslashlger efter

hypoglycaeligmi

Burns Patterns of cerebral injury and

neurodevelopmental outcomes after symptomatic neonatal

hypoglycemia Pediatrics 2008

bull Alle var symptomatiske ge 37deg 61 havde kramper

bull Median bs paring 10 mmoll 86 havde

bs le15 mmoll 1 el flere gange flest 1 doslashgn

bull Alle havde neurologisk dysfunktion indenfor 1 uge

bull 40 IUGR (flest asymmetriske)

bull Overvaeliggt af moslashdre med DM eller hypertension

bull Akut sectio pga barnet

18 mdr boslashrn med forbigaringende tidlig hypoglycaeligmi eller ingen kramper udviklede

sig normalt trods WM-skade undtaget 1 barn

Win Tin 2014 566 praeligmature 47 laeligngerevarende svaeligr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Samme udvikling som parrede kontrolboslashrn hhv 2 og 15 aringr efter

Hypoglykaeligmi kohorte

bull 404 boslashrn i risiko for hypoglykaeligmi foslashlges i 2 aringr 53

havde bs lt 26 mmoll

bull Standard glucosemaringling og kontinuerlig skjult glucose

maringling i de foslashrste 48 timer eller til stabilt blodsukker

bull Overraskende var der 23 der havde lavt blodsukker

uden at det blev opdaget

Udvikling ved 24 maringneder

bull Ingen signifikant forskel i neurologisk udvikling eller

problemloslashsningsevne

bull Det ses dog at boslashrn der laring hoslashjt i bs (gt4) de foslashrste 12 timer

efter et bs-fald fik laveste score i neurologisk udvikling

bull Det tyder paring at et stabilt middel blodsukker er maringletMcKinlay 2015

Normale boslashrn

bull Glucose er eacuten af mange energikilder

for det nyfoslashdte barn

bull Hoseth 2000 laveste blodsukker 14

mmoll 1 time efter foslashdslen median 31

mmol l (14 til 53)

bull Hapo studiet 2010 Mean 32 mmol plusmn

09

Normale hjaeliglpesystemer

bull Ketogenese Normale nyfoslashdte har en

optil 40 x kapacitet af en voksen til at

starte ketogenese som skaffer energi

til barnet

bull Laktat betragtes som rdquoskurkrdquo men er

ogsaring en stor energi kilde da 2 x lactat

= glucose

Processer og tilfoslashrsel via colostrum

bull Glycogenolyse = omdannelse af glycogen

bull Gluconeogenese = nydannelse af glucose

bull Lipolyse = omdannelse af fedt til frie fedtsyrer

bull Ketogenese = udnyttelse af frie fedtsyrer til energi

Colostrum indeholder

bull Oligosaccharider Laktat laktose

bull Fedtsyrer monoumaeligttet fedt fedtmolekyler er store

energitaeligtte og medbringer selv lipase

bull Aminosyrer og proteiner

bull Vaeligkstfaktorer til hurtig transport af naeligringsstoffer

HYPOGLYCAEligMI

Alternative tilgange

bull Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi er ikke en egentlig diagnose men en

beskrivelse af en tilstand

bull En tilstand hvor barnets metaboliske tilpasningsevne er reduceret og

DERFOR faringr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Alle nyfoslashdte har en back-up plan i form af alternative energikilder nogle boslashrn dog i

reduceret grad og DE er i risiko for hypoglycaeligmiCornblathM HawdonJM

Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia

suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 2000 105 5 1141-1145

Der sker rigtig meget lige nu paring det laeliggefaglige omraringde (Win Tin 2014) Nye

forslag er at

bull asymptomatiske boslashrn er hypoglycaeligmiske med et bs lt 20 ogsaring ved naeligste

maringling altsaring over laeligngere tid og ikke kun eacuten vaeligrdi

bull Der maring kun vaeligre eacuten maringling lt 10 behandles straks

bull Ved symptomer skal der ogsaring reageres med det samme v bslt 25

Deacutet er laeliggefaglige beslutninger som vi maringske faringr at se

Hvem er Risikoboslashrn

Halvdelen af boslashrnene i Sugar Baby study

udaf 514 risikoboslashrn havde

51 bs lt 26 20 lt 20

Fordelingen i grupperne er helt ens

bull 79 var asymptomatiske

bull 15 var for traeligtte til at sutte

bull 7 sitrede

Incidence of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Babies Identified as at Risk

Deborah L Harris

2012 J of Pediatrics

Burde vi taelignke Hvad

er dette barns

specifikke evne til

metabolisk tilpasning

efter foslashdslen og

hvordan stoslashtter vi

barnet bedst paring

naturlig vis i denne

proces og stadig

forebygger skade

Saeligrlige risikoboslashrn

bull IUGR boslashrn kan vaeligre meget uforudsigelige Deres

pancreas kan vaeligre overaktiv og dermed udsende for

meget insulin og pancreas kan vaeligre haeligmmet

bull Saeligrlig de boslashrn der er asymmetriske i deres vaeligkst

Soslashgning af litteratur

En hurtig PubMed soslashgning giver foslashlgende

1Neonatal hypoglycemia 2404

2Breastfeeding 36873

3Colostrum 7435

1+2 70

1+3 3

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 6: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Amning de foslashrste to timer efter foslashdslen

Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi

Oplaeliggget er baseret paring viden om

nyfoslashdte ge 35deg Praeligmature derunder har

jeg ingen forudsaeligtninger for at tale om

Det vides ikke

hvor kort eller

lang en

tidsperiode med et

lavere blodsukker

skal vaeligre foslashr det

giver foslashlger

Det vides ikke

hvilket

blodsukkerniveau

der er mest sikkert

Det vides ikke

hvor graelignsen

garingr mellem

skade ikke-

skade

Vi er alle

bange for at et

barn faringr

senfoslashlger efter

hypoglycaeligmi

Burns Patterns of cerebral injury and

neurodevelopmental outcomes after symptomatic neonatal

hypoglycemia Pediatrics 2008

bull Alle var symptomatiske ge 37deg 61 havde kramper

bull Median bs paring 10 mmoll 86 havde

bs le15 mmoll 1 el flere gange flest 1 doslashgn

bull Alle havde neurologisk dysfunktion indenfor 1 uge

bull 40 IUGR (flest asymmetriske)

bull Overvaeliggt af moslashdre med DM eller hypertension

bull Akut sectio pga barnet

18 mdr boslashrn med forbigaringende tidlig hypoglycaeligmi eller ingen kramper udviklede

sig normalt trods WM-skade undtaget 1 barn

Win Tin 2014 566 praeligmature 47 laeligngerevarende svaeligr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Samme udvikling som parrede kontrolboslashrn hhv 2 og 15 aringr efter

Hypoglykaeligmi kohorte

bull 404 boslashrn i risiko for hypoglykaeligmi foslashlges i 2 aringr 53

havde bs lt 26 mmoll

bull Standard glucosemaringling og kontinuerlig skjult glucose

maringling i de foslashrste 48 timer eller til stabilt blodsukker

bull Overraskende var der 23 der havde lavt blodsukker

uden at det blev opdaget

Udvikling ved 24 maringneder

bull Ingen signifikant forskel i neurologisk udvikling eller

problemloslashsningsevne

bull Det ses dog at boslashrn der laring hoslashjt i bs (gt4) de foslashrste 12 timer

efter et bs-fald fik laveste score i neurologisk udvikling

bull Det tyder paring at et stabilt middel blodsukker er maringletMcKinlay 2015

Normale boslashrn

bull Glucose er eacuten af mange energikilder

for det nyfoslashdte barn

bull Hoseth 2000 laveste blodsukker 14

mmoll 1 time efter foslashdslen median 31

mmol l (14 til 53)

bull Hapo studiet 2010 Mean 32 mmol plusmn

09

Normale hjaeliglpesystemer

bull Ketogenese Normale nyfoslashdte har en

optil 40 x kapacitet af en voksen til at

starte ketogenese som skaffer energi

til barnet

bull Laktat betragtes som rdquoskurkrdquo men er

ogsaring en stor energi kilde da 2 x lactat

= glucose

Processer og tilfoslashrsel via colostrum

bull Glycogenolyse = omdannelse af glycogen

bull Gluconeogenese = nydannelse af glucose

bull Lipolyse = omdannelse af fedt til frie fedtsyrer

bull Ketogenese = udnyttelse af frie fedtsyrer til energi

Colostrum indeholder

bull Oligosaccharider Laktat laktose

bull Fedtsyrer monoumaeligttet fedt fedtmolekyler er store

energitaeligtte og medbringer selv lipase

bull Aminosyrer og proteiner

bull Vaeligkstfaktorer til hurtig transport af naeligringsstoffer

HYPOGLYCAEligMI

Alternative tilgange

bull Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi er ikke en egentlig diagnose men en

beskrivelse af en tilstand

bull En tilstand hvor barnets metaboliske tilpasningsevne er reduceret og

DERFOR faringr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Alle nyfoslashdte har en back-up plan i form af alternative energikilder nogle boslashrn dog i

reduceret grad og DE er i risiko for hypoglycaeligmiCornblathM HawdonJM

Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia

suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 2000 105 5 1141-1145

Der sker rigtig meget lige nu paring det laeliggefaglige omraringde (Win Tin 2014) Nye

forslag er at

bull asymptomatiske boslashrn er hypoglycaeligmiske med et bs lt 20 ogsaring ved naeligste

maringling altsaring over laeligngere tid og ikke kun eacuten vaeligrdi

bull Der maring kun vaeligre eacuten maringling lt 10 behandles straks

bull Ved symptomer skal der ogsaring reageres med det samme v bslt 25

Deacutet er laeliggefaglige beslutninger som vi maringske faringr at se

Hvem er Risikoboslashrn

Halvdelen af boslashrnene i Sugar Baby study

udaf 514 risikoboslashrn havde

51 bs lt 26 20 lt 20

Fordelingen i grupperne er helt ens

bull 79 var asymptomatiske

bull 15 var for traeligtte til at sutte

bull 7 sitrede

Incidence of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Babies Identified as at Risk

Deborah L Harris

2012 J of Pediatrics

Burde vi taelignke Hvad

er dette barns

specifikke evne til

metabolisk tilpasning

efter foslashdslen og

hvordan stoslashtter vi

barnet bedst paring

naturlig vis i denne

proces og stadig

forebygger skade

Saeligrlige risikoboslashrn

bull IUGR boslashrn kan vaeligre meget uforudsigelige Deres

pancreas kan vaeligre overaktiv og dermed udsende for

meget insulin og pancreas kan vaeligre haeligmmet

bull Saeligrlig de boslashrn der er asymmetriske i deres vaeligkst

Soslashgning af litteratur

En hurtig PubMed soslashgning giver foslashlgende

1Neonatal hypoglycemia 2404

2Breastfeeding 36873

3Colostrum 7435

1+2 70

1+3 3

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 7: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi

Oplaeliggget er baseret paring viden om

nyfoslashdte ge 35deg Praeligmature derunder har

jeg ingen forudsaeligtninger for at tale om

Det vides ikke

hvor kort eller

lang en

tidsperiode med et

lavere blodsukker

skal vaeligre foslashr det

giver foslashlger

Det vides ikke

hvilket

blodsukkerniveau

der er mest sikkert

Det vides ikke

hvor graelignsen

garingr mellem

skade ikke-

skade

Vi er alle

bange for at et

barn faringr

senfoslashlger efter

hypoglycaeligmi

Burns Patterns of cerebral injury and

neurodevelopmental outcomes after symptomatic neonatal

hypoglycemia Pediatrics 2008

bull Alle var symptomatiske ge 37deg 61 havde kramper

bull Median bs paring 10 mmoll 86 havde

bs le15 mmoll 1 el flere gange flest 1 doslashgn

bull Alle havde neurologisk dysfunktion indenfor 1 uge

bull 40 IUGR (flest asymmetriske)

bull Overvaeliggt af moslashdre med DM eller hypertension

bull Akut sectio pga barnet

18 mdr boslashrn med forbigaringende tidlig hypoglycaeligmi eller ingen kramper udviklede

sig normalt trods WM-skade undtaget 1 barn

Win Tin 2014 566 praeligmature 47 laeligngerevarende svaeligr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Samme udvikling som parrede kontrolboslashrn hhv 2 og 15 aringr efter

Hypoglykaeligmi kohorte

bull 404 boslashrn i risiko for hypoglykaeligmi foslashlges i 2 aringr 53

havde bs lt 26 mmoll

bull Standard glucosemaringling og kontinuerlig skjult glucose

maringling i de foslashrste 48 timer eller til stabilt blodsukker

bull Overraskende var der 23 der havde lavt blodsukker

uden at det blev opdaget

Udvikling ved 24 maringneder

bull Ingen signifikant forskel i neurologisk udvikling eller

problemloslashsningsevne

bull Det ses dog at boslashrn der laring hoslashjt i bs (gt4) de foslashrste 12 timer

efter et bs-fald fik laveste score i neurologisk udvikling

bull Det tyder paring at et stabilt middel blodsukker er maringletMcKinlay 2015

Normale boslashrn

bull Glucose er eacuten af mange energikilder

for det nyfoslashdte barn

bull Hoseth 2000 laveste blodsukker 14

mmoll 1 time efter foslashdslen median 31

mmol l (14 til 53)

bull Hapo studiet 2010 Mean 32 mmol plusmn

09

Normale hjaeliglpesystemer

bull Ketogenese Normale nyfoslashdte har en

optil 40 x kapacitet af en voksen til at

starte ketogenese som skaffer energi

til barnet

bull Laktat betragtes som rdquoskurkrdquo men er

ogsaring en stor energi kilde da 2 x lactat

= glucose

Processer og tilfoslashrsel via colostrum

bull Glycogenolyse = omdannelse af glycogen

bull Gluconeogenese = nydannelse af glucose

bull Lipolyse = omdannelse af fedt til frie fedtsyrer

bull Ketogenese = udnyttelse af frie fedtsyrer til energi

Colostrum indeholder

bull Oligosaccharider Laktat laktose

bull Fedtsyrer monoumaeligttet fedt fedtmolekyler er store

energitaeligtte og medbringer selv lipase

bull Aminosyrer og proteiner

bull Vaeligkstfaktorer til hurtig transport af naeligringsstoffer

HYPOGLYCAEligMI

Alternative tilgange

bull Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi er ikke en egentlig diagnose men en

beskrivelse af en tilstand

bull En tilstand hvor barnets metaboliske tilpasningsevne er reduceret og

DERFOR faringr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Alle nyfoslashdte har en back-up plan i form af alternative energikilder nogle boslashrn dog i

reduceret grad og DE er i risiko for hypoglycaeligmiCornblathM HawdonJM

Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia

suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 2000 105 5 1141-1145

Der sker rigtig meget lige nu paring det laeliggefaglige omraringde (Win Tin 2014) Nye

forslag er at

bull asymptomatiske boslashrn er hypoglycaeligmiske med et bs lt 20 ogsaring ved naeligste

maringling altsaring over laeligngere tid og ikke kun eacuten vaeligrdi

bull Der maring kun vaeligre eacuten maringling lt 10 behandles straks

bull Ved symptomer skal der ogsaring reageres med det samme v bslt 25

Deacutet er laeliggefaglige beslutninger som vi maringske faringr at se

Hvem er Risikoboslashrn

Halvdelen af boslashrnene i Sugar Baby study

udaf 514 risikoboslashrn havde

51 bs lt 26 20 lt 20

Fordelingen i grupperne er helt ens

bull 79 var asymptomatiske

bull 15 var for traeligtte til at sutte

bull 7 sitrede

Incidence of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Babies Identified as at Risk

Deborah L Harris

2012 J of Pediatrics

Burde vi taelignke Hvad

er dette barns

specifikke evne til

metabolisk tilpasning

efter foslashdslen og

hvordan stoslashtter vi

barnet bedst paring

naturlig vis i denne

proces og stadig

forebygger skade

Saeligrlige risikoboslashrn

bull IUGR boslashrn kan vaeligre meget uforudsigelige Deres

pancreas kan vaeligre overaktiv og dermed udsende for

meget insulin og pancreas kan vaeligre haeligmmet

bull Saeligrlig de boslashrn der er asymmetriske i deres vaeligkst

Soslashgning af litteratur

En hurtig PubMed soslashgning giver foslashlgende

1Neonatal hypoglycemia 2404

2Breastfeeding 36873

3Colostrum 7435

1+2 70

1+3 3

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 8: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Burns Patterns of cerebral injury and

neurodevelopmental outcomes after symptomatic neonatal

hypoglycemia Pediatrics 2008

bull Alle var symptomatiske ge 37deg 61 havde kramper

bull Median bs paring 10 mmoll 86 havde

bs le15 mmoll 1 el flere gange flest 1 doslashgn

bull Alle havde neurologisk dysfunktion indenfor 1 uge

bull 40 IUGR (flest asymmetriske)

bull Overvaeliggt af moslashdre med DM eller hypertension

bull Akut sectio pga barnet

18 mdr boslashrn med forbigaringende tidlig hypoglycaeligmi eller ingen kramper udviklede

sig normalt trods WM-skade undtaget 1 barn

Win Tin 2014 566 praeligmature 47 laeligngerevarende svaeligr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Samme udvikling som parrede kontrolboslashrn hhv 2 og 15 aringr efter

Hypoglykaeligmi kohorte

bull 404 boslashrn i risiko for hypoglykaeligmi foslashlges i 2 aringr 53

havde bs lt 26 mmoll

bull Standard glucosemaringling og kontinuerlig skjult glucose

maringling i de foslashrste 48 timer eller til stabilt blodsukker

bull Overraskende var der 23 der havde lavt blodsukker

uden at det blev opdaget

Udvikling ved 24 maringneder

bull Ingen signifikant forskel i neurologisk udvikling eller

problemloslashsningsevne

bull Det ses dog at boslashrn der laring hoslashjt i bs (gt4) de foslashrste 12 timer

efter et bs-fald fik laveste score i neurologisk udvikling

bull Det tyder paring at et stabilt middel blodsukker er maringletMcKinlay 2015

Normale boslashrn

bull Glucose er eacuten af mange energikilder

for det nyfoslashdte barn

bull Hoseth 2000 laveste blodsukker 14

mmoll 1 time efter foslashdslen median 31

mmol l (14 til 53)

bull Hapo studiet 2010 Mean 32 mmol plusmn

09

Normale hjaeliglpesystemer

bull Ketogenese Normale nyfoslashdte har en

optil 40 x kapacitet af en voksen til at

starte ketogenese som skaffer energi

til barnet

bull Laktat betragtes som rdquoskurkrdquo men er

ogsaring en stor energi kilde da 2 x lactat

= glucose

Processer og tilfoslashrsel via colostrum

bull Glycogenolyse = omdannelse af glycogen

bull Gluconeogenese = nydannelse af glucose

bull Lipolyse = omdannelse af fedt til frie fedtsyrer

bull Ketogenese = udnyttelse af frie fedtsyrer til energi

Colostrum indeholder

bull Oligosaccharider Laktat laktose

bull Fedtsyrer monoumaeligttet fedt fedtmolekyler er store

energitaeligtte og medbringer selv lipase

bull Aminosyrer og proteiner

bull Vaeligkstfaktorer til hurtig transport af naeligringsstoffer

HYPOGLYCAEligMI

Alternative tilgange

bull Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi er ikke en egentlig diagnose men en

beskrivelse af en tilstand

bull En tilstand hvor barnets metaboliske tilpasningsevne er reduceret og

DERFOR faringr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Alle nyfoslashdte har en back-up plan i form af alternative energikilder nogle boslashrn dog i

reduceret grad og DE er i risiko for hypoglycaeligmiCornblathM HawdonJM

Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia

suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 2000 105 5 1141-1145

Der sker rigtig meget lige nu paring det laeliggefaglige omraringde (Win Tin 2014) Nye

forslag er at

bull asymptomatiske boslashrn er hypoglycaeligmiske med et bs lt 20 ogsaring ved naeligste

maringling altsaring over laeligngere tid og ikke kun eacuten vaeligrdi

bull Der maring kun vaeligre eacuten maringling lt 10 behandles straks

bull Ved symptomer skal der ogsaring reageres med det samme v bslt 25

Deacutet er laeliggefaglige beslutninger som vi maringske faringr at se

Hvem er Risikoboslashrn

Halvdelen af boslashrnene i Sugar Baby study

udaf 514 risikoboslashrn havde

51 bs lt 26 20 lt 20

Fordelingen i grupperne er helt ens

bull 79 var asymptomatiske

bull 15 var for traeligtte til at sutte

bull 7 sitrede

Incidence of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Babies Identified as at Risk

Deborah L Harris

2012 J of Pediatrics

Burde vi taelignke Hvad

er dette barns

specifikke evne til

metabolisk tilpasning

efter foslashdslen og

hvordan stoslashtter vi

barnet bedst paring

naturlig vis i denne

proces og stadig

forebygger skade

Saeligrlige risikoboslashrn

bull IUGR boslashrn kan vaeligre meget uforudsigelige Deres

pancreas kan vaeligre overaktiv og dermed udsende for

meget insulin og pancreas kan vaeligre haeligmmet

bull Saeligrlig de boslashrn der er asymmetriske i deres vaeligkst

Soslashgning af litteratur

En hurtig PubMed soslashgning giver foslashlgende

1Neonatal hypoglycemia 2404

2Breastfeeding 36873

3Colostrum 7435

1+2 70

1+3 3

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 9: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Hypoglykaeligmi kohorte

bull 404 boslashrn i risiko for hypoglykaeligmi foslashlges i 2 aringr 53

havde bs lt 26 mmoll

bull Standard glucosemaringling og kontinuerlig skjult glucose

maringling i de foslashrste 48 timer eller til stabilt blodsukker

bull Overraskende var der 23 der havde lavt blodsukker

uden at det blev opdaget

Udvikling ved 24 maringneder

bull Ingen signifikant forskel i neurologisk udvikling eller

problemloslashsningsevne

bull Det ses dog at boslashrn der laring hoslashjt i bs (gt4) de foslashrste 12 timer

efter et bs-fald fik laveste score i neurologisk udvikling

bull Det tyder paring at et stabilt middel blodsukker er maringletMcKinlay 2015

Normale boslashrn

bull Glucose er eacuten af mange energikilder

for det nyfoslashdte barn

bull Hoseth 2000 laveste blodsukker 14

mmoll 1 time efter foslashdslen median 31

mmol l (14 til 53)

bull Hapo studiet 2010 Mean 32 mmol plusmn

09

Normale hjaeliglpesystemer

bull Ketogenese Normale nyfoslashdte har en

optil 40 x kapacitet af en voksen til at

starte ketogenese som skaffer energi

til barnet

bull Laktat betragtes som rdquoskurkrdquo men er

ogsaring en stor energi kilde da 2 x lactat

= glucose

Processer og tilfoslashrsel via colostrum

bull Glycogenolyse = omdannelse af glycogen

bull Gluconeogenese = nydannelse af glucose

bull Lipolyse = omdannelse af fedt til frie fedtsyrer

bull Ketogenese = udnyttelse af frie fedtsyrer til energi

Colostrum indeholder

bull Oligosaccharider Laktat laktose

bull Fedtsyrer monoumaeligttet fedt fedtmolekyler er store

energitaeligtte og medbringer selv lipase

bull Aminosyrer og proteiner

bull Vaeligkstfaktorer til hurtig transport af naeligringsstoffer

HYPOGLYCAEligMI

Alternative tilgange

bull Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi er ikke en egentlig diagnose men en

beskrivelse af en tilstand

bull En tilstand hvor barnets metaboliske tilpasningsevne er reduceret og

DERFOR faringr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Alle nyfoslashdte har en back-up plan i form af alternative energikilder nogle boslashrn dog i

reduceret grad og DE er i risiko for hypoglycaeligmiCornblathM HawdonJM

Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia

suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 2000 105 5 1141-1145

Der sker rigtig meget lige nu paring det laeliggefaglige omraringde (Win Tin 2014) Nye

forslag er at

bull asymptomatiske boslashrn er hypoglycaeligmiske med et bs lt 20 ogsaring ved naeligste

maringling altsaring over laeligngere tid og ikke kun eacuten vaeligrdi

bull Der maring kun vaeligre eacuten maringling lt 10 behandles straks

bull Ved symptomer skal der ogsaring reageres med det samme v bslt 25

Deacutet er laeliggefaglige beslutninger som vi maringske faringr at se

Hvem er Risikoboslashrn

Halvdelen af boslashrnene i Sugar Baby study

udaf 514 risikoboslashrn havde

51 bs lt 26 20 lt 20

Fordelingen i grupperne er helt ens

bull 79 var asymptomatiske

bull 15 var for traeligtte til at sutte

bull 7 sitrede

Incidence of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Babies Identified as at Risk

Deborah L Harris

2012 J of Pediatrics

Burde vi taelignke Hvad

er dette barns

specifikke evne til

metabolisk tilpasning

efter foslashdslen og

hvordan stoslashtter vi

barnet bedst paring

naturlig vis i denne

proces og stadig

forebygger skade

Saeligrlige risikoboslashrn

bull IUGR boslashrn kan vaeligre meget uforudsigelige Deres

pancreas kan vaeligre overaktiv og dermed udsende for

meget insulin og pancreas kan vaeligre haeligmmet

bull Saeligrlig de boslashrn der er asymmetriske i deres vaeligkst

Soslashgning af litteratur

En hurtig PubMed soslashgning giver foslashlgende

1Neonatal hypoglycemia 2404

2Breastfeeding 36873

3Colostrum 7435

1+2 70

1+3 3

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 10: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Normale boslashrn

bull Glucose er eacuten af mange energikilder

for det nyfoslashdte barn

bull Hoseth 2000 laveste blodsukker 14

mmoll 1 time efter foslashdslen median 31

mmol l (14 til 53)

bull Hapo studiet 2010 Mean 32 mmol plusmn

09

Normale hjaeliglpesystemer

bull Ketogenese Normale nyfoslashdte har en

optil 40 x kapacitet af en voksen til at

starte ketogenese som skaffer energi

til barnet

bull Laktat betragtes som rdquoskurkrdquo men er

ogsaring en stor energi kilde da 2 x lactat

= glucose

Processer og tilfoslashrsel via colostrum

bull Glycogenolyse = omdannelse af glycogen

bull Gluconeogenese = nydannelse af glucose

bull Lipolyse = omdannelse af fedt til frie fedtsyrer

bull Ketogenese = udnyttelse af frie fedtsyrer til energi

Colostrum indeholder

bull Oligosaccharider Laktat laktose

bull Fedtsyrer monoumaeligttet fedt fedtmolekyler er store

energitaeligtte og medbringer selv lipase

bull Aminosyrer og proteiner

bull Vaeligkstfaktorer til hurtig transport af naeligringsstoffer

HYPOGLYCAEligMI

Alternative tilgange

bull Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi er ikke en egentlig diagnose men en

beskrivelse af en tilstand

bull En tilstand hvor barnets metaboliske tilpasningsevne er reduceret og

DERFOR faringr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Alle nyfoslashdte har en back-up plan i form af alternative energikilder nogle boslashrn dog i

reduceret grad og DE er i risiko for hypoglycaeligmiCornblathM HawdonJM

Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia

suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 2000 105 5 1141-1145

Der sker rigtig meget lige nu paring det laeliggefaglige omraringde (Win Tin 2014) Nye

forslag er at

bull asymptomatiske boslashrn er hypoglycaeligmiske med et bs lt 20 ogsaring ved naeligste

maringling altsaring over laeligngere tid og ikke kun eacuten vaeligrdi

bull Der maring kun vaeligre eacuten maringling lt 10 behandles straks

bull Ved symptomer skal der ogsaring reageres med det samme v bslt 25

Deacutet er laeliggefaglige beslutninger som vi maringske faringr at se

Hvem er Risikoboslashrn

Halvdelen af boslashrnene i Sugar Baby study

udaf 514 risikoboslashrn havde

51 bs lt 26 20 lt 20

Fordelingen i grupperne er helt ens

bull 79 var asymptomatiske

bull 15 var for traeligtte til at sutte

bull 7 sitrede

Incidence of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Babies Identified as at Risk

Deborah L Harris

2012 J of Pediatrics

Burde vi taelignke Hvad

er dette barns

specifikke evne til

metabolisk tilpasning

efter foslashdslen og

hvordan stoslashtter vi

barnet bedst paring

naturlig vis i denne

proces og stadig

forebygger skade

Saeligrlige risikoboslashrn

bull IUGR boslashrn kan vaeligre meget uforudsigelige Deres

pancreas kan vaeligre overaktiv og dermed udsende for

meget insulin og pancreas kan vaeligre haeligmmet

bull Saeligrlig de boslashrn der er asymmetriske i deres vaeligkst

Soslashgning af litteratur

En hurtig PubMed soslashgning giver foslashlgende

1Neonatal hypoglycemia 2404

2Breastfeeding 36873

3Colostrum 7435

1+2 70

1+3 3

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 11: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Processer og tilfoslashrsel via colostrum

bull Glycogenolyse = omdannelse af glycogen

bull Gluconeogenese = nydannelse af glucose

bull Lipolyse = omdannelse af fedt til frie fedtsyrer

bull Ketogenese = udnyttelse af frie fedtsyrer til energi

Colostrum indeholder

bull Oligosaccharider Laktat laktose

bull Fedtsyrer monoumaeligttet fedt fedtmolekyler er store

energitaeligtte og medbringer selv lipase

bull Aminosyrer og proteiner

bull Vaeligkstfaktorer til hurtig transport af naeligringsstoffer

HYPOGLYCAEligMI

Alternative tilgange

bull Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi er ikke en egentlig diagnose men en

beskrivelse af en tilstand

bull En tilstand hvor barnets metaboliske tilpasningsevne er reduceret og

DERFOR faringr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Alle nyfoslashdte har en back-up plan i form af alternative energikilder nogle boslashrn dog i

reduceret grad og DE er i risiko for hypoglycaeligmiCornblathM HawdonJM

Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia

suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 2000 105 5 1141-1145

Der sker rigtig meget lige nu paring det laeliggefaglige omraringde (Win Tin 2014) Nye

forslag er at

bull asymptomatiske boslashrn er hypoglycaeligmiske med et bs lt 20 ogsaring ved naeligste

maringling altsaring over laeligngere tid og ikke kun eacuten vaeligrdi

bull Der maring kun vaeligre eacuten maringling lt 10 behandles straks

bull Ved symptomer skal der ogsaring reageres med det samme v bslt 25

Deacutet er laeliggefaglige beslutninger som vi maringske faringr at se

Hvem er Risikoboslashrn

Halvdelen af boslashrnene i Sugar Baby study

udaf 514 risikoboslashrn havde

51 bs lt 26 20 lt 20

Fordelingen i grupperne er helt ens

bull 79 var asymptomatiske

bull 15 var for traeligtte til at sutte

bull 7 sitrede

Incidence of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Babies Identified as at Risk

Deborah L Harris

2012 J of Pediatrics

Burde vi taelignke Hvad

er dette barns

specifikke evne til

metabolisk tilpasning

efter foslashdslen og

hvordan stoslashtter vi

barnet bedst paring

naturlig vis i denne

proces og stadig

forebygger skade

Saeligrlige risikoboslashrn

bull IUGR boslashrn kan vaeligre meget uforudsigelige Deres

pancreas kan vaeligre overaktiv og dermed udsende for

meget insulin og pancreas kan vaeligre haeligmmet

bull Saeligrlig de boslashrn der er asymmetriske i deres vaeligkst

Soslashgning af litteratur

En hurtig PubMed soslashgning giver foslashlgende

1Neonatal hypoglycemia 2404

2Breastfeeding 36873

3Colostrum 7435

1+2 70

1+3 3

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 12: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

HYPOGLYCAEligMI

Alternative tilgange

bull Neonatal Hypoglycaeligmi er ikke en egentlig diagnose men en

beskrivelse af en tilstand

bull En tilstand hvor barnets metaboliske tilpasningsevne er reduceret og

DERFOR faringr hypoglycaeligmi

bull Alle nyfoslashdte har en back-up plan i form af alternative energikilder nogle boslashrn dog i

reduceret grad og DE er i risiko for hypoglycaeligmiCornblathM HawdonJM

Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia

suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 2000 105 5 1141-1145

Der sker rigtig meget lige nu paring det laeliggefaglige omraringde (Win Tin 2014) Nye

forslag er at

bull asymptomatiske boslashrn er hypoglycaeligmiske med et bs lt 20 ogsaring ved naeligste

maringling altsaring over laeligngere tid og ikke kun eacuten vaeligrdi

bull Der maring kun vaeligre eacuten maringling lt 10 behandles straks

bull Ved symptomer skal der ogsaring reageres med det samme v bslt 25

Deacutet er laeliggefaglige beslutninger som vi maringske faringr at se

Hvem er Risikoboslashrn

Halvdelen af boslashrnene i Sugar Baby study

udaf 514 risikoboslashrn havde

51 bs lt 26 20 lt 20

Fordelingen i grupperne er helt ens

bull 79 var asymptomatiske

bull 15 var for traeligtte til at sutte

bull 7 sitrede

Incidence of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Babies Identified as at Risk

Deborah L Harris

2012 J of Pediatrics

Burde vi taelignke Hvad

er dette barns

specifikke evne til

metabolisk tilpasning

efter foslashdslen og

hvordan stoslashtter vi

barnet bedst paring

naturlig vis i denne

proces og stadig

forebygger skade

Saeligrlige risikoboslashrn

bull IUGR boslashrn kan vaeligre meget uforudsigelige Deres

pancreas kan vaeligre overaktiv og dermed udsende for

meget insulin og pancreas kan vaeligre haeligmmet

bull Saeligrlig de boslashrn der er asymmetriske i deres vaeligkst

Soslashgning af litteratur

En hurtig PubMed soslashgning giver foslashlgende

1Neonatal hypoglycemia 2404

2Breastfeeding 36873

3Colostrum 7435

1+2 70

1+3 3

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 13: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Hvem er Risikoboslashrn

Halvdelen af boslashrnene i Sugar Baby study

udaf 514 risikoboslashrn havde

51 bs lt 26 20 lt 20

Fordelingen i grupperne er helt ens

bull 79 var asymptomatiske

bull 15 var for traeligtte til at sutte

bull 7 sitrede

Incidence of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Babies Identified as at Risk

Deborah L Harris

2012 J of Pediatrics

Burde vi taelignke Hvad

er dette barns

specifikke evne til

metabolisk tilpasning

efter foslashdslen og

hvordan stoslashtter vi

barnet bedst paring

naturlig vis i denne

proces og stadig

forebygger skade

Saeligrlige risikoboslashrn

bull IUGR boslashrn kan vaeligre meget uforudsigelige Deres

pancreas kan vaeligre overaktiv og dermed udsende for

meget insulin og pancreas kan vaeligre haeligmmet

bull Saeligrlig de boslashrn der er asymmetriske i deres vaeligkst

Soslashgning af litteratur

En hurtig PubMed soslashgning giver foslashlgende

1Neonatal hypoglycemia 2404

2Breastfeeding 36873

3Colostrum 7435

1+2 70

1+3 3

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 14: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Incidence of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Babies Identified as at Risk

Deborah L Harris

2012 J of Pediatrics

Burde vi taelignke Hvad

er dette barns

specifikke evne til

metabolisk tilpasning

efter foslashdslen og

hvordan stoslashtter vi

barnet bedst paring

naturlig vis i denne

proces og stadig

forebygger skade

Saeligrlige risikoboslashrn

bull IUGR boslashrn kan vaeligre meget uforudsigelige Deres

pancreas kan vaeligre overaktiv og dermed udsende for

meget insulin og pancreas kan vaeligre haeligmmet

bull Saeligrlig de boslashrn der er asymmetriske i deres vaeligkst

Soslashgning af litteratur

En hurtig PubMed soslashgning giver foslashlgende

1Neonatal hypoglycemia 2404

2Breastfeeding 36873

3Colostrum 7435

1+2 70

1+3 3

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 15: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Saeligrlige risikoboslashrn

bull IUGR boslashrn kan vaeligre meget uforudsigelige Deres

pancreas kan vaeligre overaktiv og dermed udsende for

meget insulin og pancreas kan vaeligre haeligmmet

bull Saeligrlig de boslashrn der er asymmetriske i deres vaeligkst

Soslashgning af litteratur

En hurtig PubMed soslashgning giver foslashlgende

1Neonatal hypoglycemia 2404

2Breastfeeding 36873

3Colostrum 7435

1+2 70

1+3 3

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 16: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Soslashgning af litteratur

En hurtig PubMed soslashgning giver foslashlgende

1Neonatal hypoglycemia 2404

2Breastfeeding 36873

3Colostrum 7435

1+2 70

1+3 3

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 17: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Early feeding

bull Der er ingen enighed om definition paring Early Feeding

bull Hawdon rdquofoslashrhen sendte boslashrnene hurtigt maeliglken tilbage til den velmenende

afsenderrdquo

bull Early Feeding kan vaeligre tidlig hyppig amning sukkervand modermaeliglk

erstatning dextrosegel Maeligngde

bull Udover amning er der mange modeller og ingen af dem er evidensbaserede

bull I 2015-16 kommer der stadig artikler om neonatal hypoglycaeligmi der ikke

skriver om ernaeligring overhovedet

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 18: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Modermaeliglkserstatning og hjaeliglpestoffer

De Rooyrsquos studie fra 2002 viser

bull I et prospektivt studie med i alt 165 boslashrn blev boslashrnenes ketogenese

undersoslashgt

bull Deacuten gruppe der er taeligttest paring en af vores maringlgrupper GDM er Large

for Gestational Age boslashrnene Her paringvises det med signifikant forskel

at amning oslashger ketogenesen og at amning + modermaeliglkserstatning

ikke har saring god respons

bull Flaskeboslashrn danner stort set ikke ketonstoffer i starten foslashrst efter 12

timer

Det kan antyde at mme reducerer barnets evne til

modregulering og selvhjaeliglp

At mme har bivirkningersideeffekter der bestemt ikke

er hensigtsmaeligssige naringr vi taler om forebyggelse

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 19: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Guidelines hvor er vi

Unicef 2013

bull Alle hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Amning indenfor den foslashrste time

bull Foslashrste bs tidligst efter 2 timer og foslashr andet maringltid

bull Ved lavt bs (graelignse 26 el 20) ammes igen eller udmalket maeliglk Ved

fortsat lavt bs efter 1 time gives mme i de maeligngder vi kender

Survey af neonatale hypoglykaeligmi guidelines i Australien og New

Zealand vha Unicef(Sundercombe 2014)

bull Kun 9 ud af 22 naeligvner hud mod hud lige efter foslashdslen

bull Kun enkelte naeligvner hjaeliglp til effektiv amning og information om tegn

paring spiselyst

bull Mere end halvdelen anbefaler supplering med mors udmalkede maeliglk

bull Kun 8 ud af 22 sikrer sig samtykke foslashr mme og info til foraeligldre om

aringrsag til suppleringen

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 20: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Unicef hypoglycemia 2013

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 21: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Forebyggelse i ammeperspektiv og Baby Friendly

Normoglycaeligmisk tilstand boslashr opnaringes med mindst mulig intervention

Konventionel tilgang

bull 60 mlkgdoslashgn mm el mme oslashges med

20 mlkgdoslashgn x 8(-12)

bull Vallecasein 4060 mme = nedsat

ventrikeltoslashmning

bull Vi maringler stadig 1 t bs

bull Ved lav bs oslashges til 125 eller 150

af maeligngden

bull Glucose-infusion

bull Adskillelse af mor og barn

Individuel tilgangABM Protocol 2014

bull 1-3 mlkg (optil 5 mlkg) gerne hver 2 time

(3-5 mlkg i 2006-udgaven)

bull Hurtig passage af mm alle hjaeliglpestoffer er

med Vallecasein 9010

Bergmann

bull mavesaeligkkens stoslashrrelse lige foslashr foslashdslen

drikker barnet ca 10 ml gang Refererer til

studier der angiver ventiklen til hhv 10 12

15 20 ml

bull Anbefaler smaring hyppige amninger

suppleringer saring barnet ikke stresses og

bruger mere glucose end det tilfoslashres

bull Ward-Platt Laktat er rdquothe good guyrdquo og et

veloxideret velcirkuleret barn har alle

muligheder for at kompensere

bull Antenatal udmalkning af raringmaeliglk til DM-

boslashrn

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 22: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Forskellen i et forloslashb

DPS

3000 gram

bull 180 ml 1 doslashgn

(60kgdoslashgn)

bull bsdarr oslashges til 225 ml 24

timer

Svaeligrt at faring udmalket dette

som ekstra

ABM

3000 gram

bull 36 ml foslashrste doslashgn

1 mlkg maringltid = 3 x 12

bull 108 ml v 3 ml kgmaringltid

(reduktion paring 40 )

Opnaringeligt at udmalke dette

som ekstra

Mon der er forskel paring

antal amninger

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 23: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Haringndudmalkning korrektinkorrekt

bull httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=k6V9xTZAWq0

24

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 24: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Hvordan forholder vi os til dette

bull Vi kan ikke aeligndre instrukser for hypoglycaeligmi haringndtering det

er en laeliggefaglig opgave kan vi alligevel goslashre en forskel i

profylaktisk oslashjemed

bull Har vi et ansvar for at vaeligre kritiske overfor gamle strategier

ndash og dermed assistere paeligdiatere i forebyggelsesarbejdet

bull Hvordan kan vi balancere forebyggelse og ikke-skade

princippet naringr det ogsaring drejer sig om naturlig ernaeligring mor-

barn kontakt og medicinske interventioner

bull Kan vi med vores viden om colostrum og naturlige

processers effekt aeligndre praksis for disse boslashrn

bull Hvordan kan vi som sundhedsprofessionelle oslashge antallet af

risikoboslashrn der tidligt faringr mors maeliglk selv om det ikke sutter

bull Hvordan vil det aeligndre vores praksisarbejde

bull Hvordan klaeligdes novicen og vi paring til en rdquoWatch and Waitrdquo

tilgang til hypoglycaeligmiforebyggelse

bull POCT eller lab-svar

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 25: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Mon ikke hypoglycaeligmi forebyggelse kvalitativt kan

komme videre end i 2014

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 26: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Tak fordi I lyttede

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 27: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

referencerbull CHERTOK IR RAZ I SHOHAM I HADDAD H and WIZNITZER A 2009 Journal of human

nutrition and dietetics the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 22(2) pp 166-169

bull CHRISTESEN HT and ESBERG G 2014-last update Hypoglykaeligmi flowcharts DPS Available

httpvipregionhdkVIPRedaktoer151637nsfvLookupUploadATTACH-RHAP-

9K2D8Y$FILEHypoglykC3A6mi20-20neonatal20Flowcharts20Maj202014pdf [0916

2014]

bull CORDERO L TREUER SH LANDON MB and GABBE SG 1998 Management of infants of

diabetic mothers Archives of Pediatrics amp Adolescent Medicine 152(3) pp 249-254

bull CORNBLATH M HAWDON JM WILLIAMS AF AYNSLEY-GREEN A WARD-PLATT MP

SCHWARTZ R and KALHAN SC 2000 Controversies regarding definition of neonatal

hypoglycemia suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105(5) pp 1141-1145

bull CSONT GL GROTH S HOPKINS P and GUILLET R 2014 An evidence-based approach to

breastfeeding neonates at risk for hypoglycemia Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal

nursing JOGNN NAACOG 43(1) pp 71-81

bull DE ROOY L and HAWDON J 2002 Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic

adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109(3) pp E42

bull DOBSON LZ VIBEKE 2011 God blodsukkerregulering kun for barnets skyld 25(nr 4) pp 36--

47

bull FLORES-LE ROUX JA SAGARRA E BENAIGES D HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E CHILLARON

JJ PUIG DE DOU J MUR A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2012 A

prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes

mellitus Diabetes research and clinical practice 97(2) pp 217-222

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 28: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ SIGNAL M CHASE JG and HARDING JE 2013 Dextrose gel for neonatal

hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Lancet (London

England) 382(9910) pp 2077-2083

bull HERNANDEZ-RIVAS E FLORES-LE ROUX JA BENAIGES D SAGARRA E CHILLARON JJ PAYA A

PUIG-DE DOU J GODAY A LOPEZ-VILCHEZ MA and PEDRO-BOTET J 2013 Gestational diabetes in a

multiethnic population of Spain clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes Diabetes research and clinical

practice 100(2) pp 215-221

bull HOSETH E JOERGENSEN A EBBESEN F and MOELLER M 2000 Blood glucose levels in a population of

healthy breast fed term infants of appropriate size for gestational age Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition 83(2) pp F117-9

bull JENSEN DM SORENSEN B FEILBERG-JORGENSEN N WESTERGAARD JG and BECK-NIELSEN H

2000 Maternal and perinatal outcomes in 143 Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 143 controls with

a similar risk profile Diabetic medicine a journal of the British Diabetic Association 17(4) pp 281-286

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A LUBIN D and KUINT J 2009 Hypoglycemia rates in the first days of life among term

infants born to diabetic mothers Neonatology 96(2) pp 80-85

bull MAAYAN-METZGER A SCHUSHAN-EISEN I LUBIN D MORAN O KUINT J and MAZKERETH R 2014

Delivery room breastfeeding for prevention of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers Fetal and pediatric

pathology 33(1) pp 23-28

bull MCKINLAY CEA 2015 neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years N Engl J Med(373)

pp 1507-18

bull METZGER BE PERSSON B LOWE LP DYER AR CRUICKSHANK JK DEEROCHANAWONG C

HALLIDAY HL HENNIS AJ LILEY H NG PC COUSTAN DR HADDEN DR HOD M OATS JJ

TRIMBLE ER and HAPO STUDY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP 2010 Hyperglycemia and adverse

pregnancy outcome study neonatal glycemia Pediatrics 126(6) pp e1545-52

bull ROZANCE PJ and HAY WWJR 2012 Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers but more questions The Journal of

pediatrics 161(5) pp 775-776

bull SARKAR S WATMAN J SEIGEL WM and SCHAEFFER HA 2003 A prospective controlled study of neonatal

morbidities in infants born at 36 weeks or more gestation to Women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM-

class Al) Journal of perinatology official journal of the California Perinatal Association 23(3) pp 223-228

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 29: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

bull SOLTANI H DICKINSON FM KALK J and PAYNE K 2008 Breast feeding

practices and views among diabetic women a retrospective cohort study Midwifery

24(4) pp 471-479

bull TOZIER P 2013 Colostrum Versus Formula Supplentation for Glucose Stabilization in

Newborns of Diabetic Mothers 42(JOGNN The association of Womens Health

Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses) pp 619-628

bull VAN HOWE RS and STORMS MR 2008 Blood glucose determinations in large for

gestational age infants American Journal of Perinatology 25(5) pp 283-289

bull WIGHT N MARINELLI KA and ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE

PROTOCOL COMMITTEE 2006 ABM clinical protocol 1 guidelines for glucose

monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding

medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 1(3) pp 178-

184

bull VANHALTREN K and MALHOTRA A 2013 Characteristics of infants at risk of

hypoglycaemia secondary to being infant of a diabetic mother Journal of pediatric

endocrinology amp metabolism JPEM 26(9-10) pp 861-865

bull WIGHT NE 2014 Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates Breastfeeding medicine the

official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine 9(4) pp 173-179

bull DALSGAARD B and ECK K 2013-last update Klinisk retningslinje for

nonfarmakologisk forebyggelse af neonatal hypoglycaeligmi og energitab hos nyfoslashdte af

moslashdre med diaeligtbehandlet gestationel diabetes Available

httpwwwkliniskeretningslinjerdkimages88_gdm_godkendt_010713pdf [0917 2014]

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 30: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

hypoglycaeligmibull

bull BRAGG JJ GREEN R and HOLZMAN IR 2013 Does early enteral feeding prevent

hypoglycemia in small for gestational age neonates Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 6(2)

pp 131-135

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2014 Lactate rather than ketones may provide

alternative cerebral fuel in hypoglycaemic newborns Archives of disease in childhoodFetal and

neonatal edition

bull HARRIS DL WESTON PJ and HARDING JE 2012 Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in

babies identified as at risk The Journal of pediatrics 161(5) pp 787-791

bull LANG TF and HUSSAIN K 2014 Pediatric hypoglycemia Advances in Clinical Chemistry 63

pp 211-245

bull MITANCHEZ D BURGUET A and SIMEONI U 2014 Infants born to mothers with gestational

diabetes mellitus mild neonatal effects a long-term threat to global health The Journal of pediatrics

164(3) pp 445-450

bull SUNDERCOMBE SL RAYNES-GREENOW CH TURNER RM and JEFFERY HE 2014 Do

neonatal hypoglycaemia guidelines in Australia and New Zealand facilitate breast feeding

Midwifery 30(12) pp 1179-1186

bull TAM EW HAEUSSLEIN LA BONIFACIO SL GLASS HC ROGERS EE JEREMY RJ

BARKOVICH AJ and FERRIERO DM 2012 Hypoglycemia is associated with increased risk for

brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates at risk for encephalopathy The

Journal of pediatrics 161(1) pp 88-93

bull UNICEF 2013 hypoglycaemia guidance july 2013 UNICEF

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull

Page 31: Neonatal Hypoglycæmi, naturlig forebyggelse...Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics, 2000, 105, 5, 1141-1145, Der

Kilder tilfoslashjet 2016

bull AGHDAS K TALAT K and SEPIDEH B 2014 Effect of immediate and continuous mother-infant

skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women a randomised control trial

Women and birth journal of the Australian College of Midwives 27(1) pp 37-40

bull BEIRANVAND S VALIZADEH F HOSSEINABADI R and POURNIA Y 2014 The Effects of

Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns

after Cesarean Delivery International journal of pediatrics 2014 pp 846486

bull FENGER-GRON J FENGER-GRON M BLUNCK CH SCHONEMANN-RIGEL H and

WIELANDT HB 2015 Low breastfeeding rates and body mass index in Danish children of women

with gestational diabetes mellitus International breastfeeding journal 10 pp 26-015-0051-8

eCollection 2015

bull JAGIELLO KP and AZULAY CHERTOK IR 2015 Womens Experiences With Early

Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Journal of obstetric gynecologic and neonatal nursing

JOGNN NAACOG 44(4) pp 500-509

bull SAMAYAM P RANGANATHAN PK KOTARI UD and BALASUNDARAM R 2015 Study of

Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in Full Term Exclusively Breastfed Neonates in First 48 Hours of Life

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 9(9) pp SC07-10

bull SOBREVIA L SALSOSO R SAEZ T SANHUEZA C PARDO F and LEIVA A 2015 Insulin

therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus Experimental physiology

100(3) pp 231-238

bull STEWART CE SAGE EL and REYNOLDS P 2015 Supporting Baby Friendly a quality

improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia Archives of

disease in childhoodFetal and neonatal edition

bull