In the PALAEOLITHIC AGE, humans got all their food from wild plants and animals in their environment. • They hunted wild animals like deer, wild pigs, and large birds.

• They collected wild fruits, berries, and nuts.

• They fished and collected shellfish and crabs.

• They gathered wild tubers (root vegetables, like potatoes and carrots), vegetables, and grains.

The Neolithic Age and culture

10,000 years ago, there was a slow process of radical change in the history of humanity!

Let’s read together on page 94.

What’s the name for this? What about this cereal?

Why do you think it´s called the Fertile Crescent?

Know these rivers: the Eurphrates and the Tigris

The Near East

Also, the Neolithic Culture developed in:

• The Indo Valley in India

• The Huang-Ho Valley in China

• See page 94, locate on the map and watch “Guns, Germs, and Steel”

Fertile = productiveCrescent = shape

HUMANS BECAME PRODUCERS!

Humans became SEDENTARY, the opposite of NOMADIC.

They settled down.

Çatalhöyük: A Neolithic City in Turkey

Excavations at Çatalhöyük

Division of labour

Agriculture

• First crops were cereals

• Homework: Look at the key on the map on page 94 and translate to Spanish

Barley and Wheat Lentils

Muskmelon (now developed into cantaloupe, honeydew, etc)

Chickpeas (garbanzo beans)

Pestle and mortar-used to grind seedsDo you have one of these at home?

Wood sickle with flint stones

HoesAncient tool to remove dirt for agriculture or building Modern hoes:

MODERN TOOLS

TOOLS

SEEDS

WATER

HARNESSESFENCES

ANIMALS

FIELDS

What does domestication mean?

To train plants and animals to be useful to people.

DOMESTICATED ANIMALS

ANIMALS USED FOR HUMAN PURPOSES

Domestication changes how plants and animals behave so that, over time, they end up looking different from their wild cousins.

The domestication of plants and animals dramatically changed the way humans interacted with their environment.

Now, instead of merely living within their environment, humans were managing it.

Domesticated animals and plants now depend on humans for their survival.

Other crafts developed:

Pottery, baskets,

Textiles

Pottery- a tool for storing food, cooking, and killing bacteria.

Pottery

New materials, new uses

Polished axe pottery

oldest known textiles

• Linen made from the flax plant, is one of the strongest fibers. It was found in what is now southern Turkey from between 8000 and 7000 B.C.

• Evidence of woolen textiles comes from the same area and dates from about 6000 B.C.

Even though POPULATION GROWTH was the CAUSE of the adoption of agriculture, it was also the RESULT.

As a result of farming…

1) More food is produced for more people

2) But more people are needed to do all the work required

So people began having more children to fill this demand.

Furthermore, hunter gatherers cannot have too many children at a time people they are continuously moving. This isn’t a problem for farmers.

• Question for end of class:

Where did American hamburgers really come from?

From as few as 80 progenitors domesticated in southeast Turkey about 10,500 years ago,[2] an estimated 1.3 billion cattle are in the world today.[3] In 2009, cattle became the

first livestock animal to have a fully mapped genome.[4]

Homework:

• Vocabulary list of important English and Spanish words on page 94