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The National Environment Management Newsletter

NEMA NEWS

CDM/MSWC project progress............................4Environment State Minister visits NEMA............6NEMA sensitizes MPs on environmental laws...7Highlights of Karuma Public hearing..................7Masaka District State of the Environment..........8UN Secretary General’s WED message............9Green Economy key messages.........................9Children’s page: Our actions count..................10Occupational Health and Safety.......................11Leather tanning attains compliance.................12PES enhances biodiversity conservation.........11The Albertine Graben Monitoring Plan is out...16

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National Environment Management AuthorityENSUR ING

SU STA INABL E DEVELO

PMENTy

Vol. 10 No. 3 June 2012

INSIDE

Green Economy: Our actions count

WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY 2012

WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY, 5 JUNE 2012WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY, 5 JUNE 2012

World Environment Day (WED) is observed on June 5 every year. It was on this day in the year 1972 that the United Na�ons Conference on

the Environment and Development was formed. It is also on the same day, that the General Assembly created the United Na�ons Environment Programme (UNEP), which is now the United Na�ons’ principal agency for environmental ac�on.

First celebrated in 1973, World Environment Day, also popularly known as Environment Day, is a means to tackle environmental challenges that include climate change,

NEMA NEWS June 2012 . World Environment Day, Green Economy: Our actions count

Water Treatment and Pumping Plant for Masaka Municipality. In the background is Nabajjuzi wetland a Ramsar site with an observatory for Bird watching and famous for Nature walks, Shoebill and Sitatunga viewing.

2 NEMA NEWS June 2012 . World Environment Day, Green Economy: Our actions count

deser�fica�on, global warming, disasters and conflicts, harmful substances, environmental governance, ecosystem management, and resource efficiency. WED is one of the prac�cal channels through which the United Na�ons s�mulates worldwide awareness on environment management and enhances both social-economic and poli�cal a�en�on.

The main objec�ve of WED is to enhance public awareness, knowledge and ac�on towards the importance of conserving and managing the environment. The day’s agenda is to give a human face to environmental issues; empower people to become ac�ve agents of sustainable development; promote an understanding that makes communi�es change their a�tudes towards environment and, form partnership to ensure all people enjoy a safe and health environment.

In the year 2011, the interna�onal WED celebra�ons were held in India, under the theme: “Forests: Nature at Your Service”. The theme underscores the variety of life-sustaining services that forests provide and called on us all to take ac�on to protect these resources and move towards a Green Economy. Uganda’s na�onal WED celebra�ons were held at Bulucheke Sub county, Bududa District under the local theme “Plant a tree: Save life”.

The 2012 global theme for World Environment Day is “Green Economy: Does it include you?” The UNEP defines the Green Economy as one that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarci�es. In its simplest expression, a Green Economy can be thought of as one which is low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive.

In a Green Economy, growth in income and employment is driven by public and private investments that reduce carbon emissions and pollu�on, enhance energy and resource efficiency, and prevent the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. These investments need to be catalyzed and supported by targeted public expenditure, policy reforms and regula�on changes.

The Green Economy is about social equity and inclusiveness, thus, technically it is all about you! You are therefore asked to find out more about the Green Economy and assess whether, in your country, district, community, you are being included in it.

World Environment Day this year will help to raise awareness on the serious impacts of carrying on with business as usual. Through engaging Governments, CSOs, private sector and individuals in ac�on; and, your spreading the word on the importance of a Green Economy, this collec�ve effort will preserve nature, while

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E d i t o r i a l


World Environment Day,

World Environment Day (WED) that is commemorated every 5th

June annually is being celebrated in 2012 under the global theme Green Economy: Does it Include you? WED 2012 celebrations are focusing on the Green Economy and improved human well being, the pursuit of economic growth and development while preventing costly environmental degradation, climate change, biodiversity loss and unsustainable natural resource use. A Green Economy therefore is described as one that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. In other words, we can think of a Green Economy as an economic environment that achieves low carbon emissions, resource efficiency and at the same time is socially inclusive.

In this edition of NEMA NEWS, we highlight CDM/MSWC handover of Wheel loaders to municipalities, the Green Economy context, establishment of the Albertine Graben Monitoring Plan, Environment State Minister’s tour of NEMA offices, NEMA’s sensitization of MPs, children raising awareness on actions that promote Green Economy, Leather tanning attaining environmental compliance, occupational health and safety and the Karuma Public Hearing. We also highlight the state of environment in Masaka District, host for World Environment Day 2012 National celebrations. We are also informed of the payment for ecosystems to enhance biodiversity conservation in Uganda.

“Green Economy: Our actions count” is this year’s WED localized theme. Let us turn our current challenges into opportunities. Everyone is urged to take care of our actions to improve our livelihoods and economy in order to achieve sustainable development. Turn to page 3

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Departments, Private Sector, Schools, Civil Society Organiza�ons, and Communi�es.(vii) Restora�on ac�vi�es such as Clean-up exercises(viii) Exhibi�ons on appropriate technologies and informa�on for sustainable environment management.(ix) District level mobiliza�on and WED related ac�vi�es(x) Recogni�on of the best environment managers in different sectors.

achieving growth and encouraging sustainable development.

This year, 2012, Uganda will commemorate WED under local theme “Green Economy: Our Ac�ons Count”. Uganda is endowed with a rich natural resource base and generally a favorable climate. The majority of Ugandans depend directly on the natural resources for their livelihood. Despite the country’s high natural resource poten�al, it is undergoing rapid environmental degrada�on as documented since the produc�on of the first State of Na�onal Environment Report, 1994.

Uganda should use this opportunity to direct efforts to recover her degraded environment. The country should re-emphasize tree plan�ng to create a renewable and dependable energy base as well as maintain her forests, improve the fer�lity of our soils and ensure that all the industrial, agricultural and other ac�vi�es that support our economy are undertaken in a sustainable way so as to green the economy. To achieve this, all of us need to take part.

The venue for WED 2012 Na�onal celebra�ons will be Masaka District. The suitability of the district is its being agricultural based, has rela�vely high environmental degrada�on rate, eco-tourism poten�al, high urbaniza�on and popula�on.

WED 2012 celebra�ons ac�vi�es will involve different ac�vi�es including: (i) Public awareness and educa�on campaigns on the broadcast media: Radio/TV programs, spot messages and Talk shows which

will highlight the WED 2012 theme and related ac�vi�es.(ii) Produc�on and televising documentaries on a chosen environmental management issue. (iii) IEC materials produc�on and dissemina�on. (iv) Tree plan�ng(v) Children’s music and drama ac�vi�es(vi) Involvement of stakeholder groups to create a sense of ownership of the WED messages including Government

NEMA NEWS June 2012 . World Environment Day, Green Economy: Our actions count

Previous World Environment Day (WED) celebrations in Uganda

Year District Localized Theme1989 Kampala Global warming1990 Luwero Children and the environment1991 Mpigi Climate change 1992 District level Only one earth, share and care1993 Community level Poverty and the environment 1994 Tororo One earth, one family1995 Mubende We the peoples, united for the global environment1996 Hoima Our earth, our habitat, our home1997 Soro� For life on earth1998 Entebbe For life on earth-save our waters1999 Mbarara Our life our earth, just save it2000 Lira 2000 the environment millennium: �me to act2001 Luwero Connect with the world wide wed of life2002 Jinja Give Earth a chance: save Uganda’s waters2003 Nakasongola Water: we all need it, save and conserve it2004 Kampala Proper waste management: health, our wealth2005 Kapchorwa Planned land use: our wealth, our Future2006 Kumi Protect drylands against deser�fica�on 2007 Kasese Global warming is real: green your environment, plant more trees2008 Arua Save energy for be�er livelihood2009 Kayunga Your country needs you - let us unite to combat climate Change2010 Kanungu Biodiversity for Na�onal prosperity: conserve it2011 Bududa Forests: Plant a tree: Save life

5 June 2012 - Green Economy: Our actions count


The Clean Development Mechanism/Municipal Solid Waste Compos�ng (CDM/

MSWC) Project is coordinated by the Na�onal Environment Management Authority (NEMA), under the Government of Uganda and World Bank funded Environmental Management and Capacity Building Project II (EMCBP-II). The project was ini�ated in 2005 with nine Municipali�es of Kabale, Mbarara, Kasese, Fort Portal, Mukono, Jinja, Mbale, Soro� and Lira in the first phase. The second phase of the project is to bring on board eight addi�onal Municipali�es of Gulu, Arua, Tororo, Busia, Entebbe, Mityana, Masindi and Hoima. The project supports be�er management of municipal solid waste through emission reduc�ons (methane) under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol.

Handover of Wheel Loaders to Municipalities

By Kiguli Dan Kibuuka

Mr. Kiguli Dan Kibuuka and Mr. Mukasa Mugambwa Richard are the CDM/MSWC Project Managers at NEMA. Between 10th and 11th November 2011, NEMA organized The Training of Tractor Drivers in wheel loader opera�on, safety and maintenance ac�vity that took place at the Victoria Equipment Ltd premises located at Mulwana Road, in Industrial Area, Kampala. The handover ceremony of Wheel Loaders also took place at the same premises on 11th November 2011. Hon. Flavia Nabugere, State Minister for Environment officiated at the ceremony that was a�ended by dignitaries and other guests including Dr. Tom O. Okurut, Execu�ve Director, NEMA, Dr. Gerald Musoke Sawula, Deputy Execu�ve Director, NEMA, Municipal Mayors, NEMA and Ministry of Water and Environment

technical staff among others.

In his opening remarks Dr. Gerald Musoke Sawula highlighted the challenges encountered by the CDM/MSWC Project from its incep�on throughout implementa�on and the success achieved since its opera�onalisa�on in the Municipali�es countrywide.

Dr. Tom O. Okurut, stated that solid waste collec�on had improved since the opera�onalisa�on of the Project, largely because of be�er transport facili�es and increased numbers of skips serving as garbage collec�on points; 9 skips loaders, 9 tractors and 120 skips were provided by the project (during the first phase) to the par�cipa�ng Municipali�es countrywide. He said that the project had promoted cleanliness in the Municipali�es, ci�ng Fort Portal as one of the Municipali�es being ranked the cleanest in the country. In addi�on, there had been controlled pollu�on of water catchments, river banks and soils compared to the situa�on before the project. The second phase of the project is expected to bring on board eight addi�onal Municipali�es of Gulu, Arua, Tororo, Busia, Entebbe, Mityana, Masindi and Hoima. They will be availed the same equipment and technical guidance from NEMA as was the case during the first phase.

In her statement, Hon. Flavia Nabugere, State Minister for Environment pointed out that

Hon. Flavia Nabugere, Minister of State for Environment cuts a tape at the official handover of the Wheel Loaders to the Municipalities at the Victoria Equipment Ltd premises on 11th November 2011 as Dr. Tom.O.Okurut, Executive Director, NEMA and the Mayors look on.

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Kiguli Dan Kibuuka

Clean Development Mechanism/Municipal

NEMA NEWS June 2012 . World Environment Day, Green Economy: Our actions count 5

Solid Waste Composting Project

improved solid waste management had played a very important role in protec�on of water catchments from water source pollu�on, provision of a clean and healthy environment conducive for comfort and protec�on from spread of disease.

The Minister added that NEMA, under the Ministry of Water and Environment, through the CDM/MSWC Project was assis�ng Municipali�es and communi�es improve solid waste management in line with NEMA’s mandate as stated in the coopera�on agreements. As a result, physical construc�on of the compos�ng plants was carried out by the Municipali�es; procurement of the necessary equipment required in the compos�ng process as well as coordina�ng the necessary training for all personnel under the project

was implemented by NEMA. She reminded the par�cipants that the Wheel Loaders were the last major equipment to be provided by NEMA on the project. She urged the Accoun�ng Officers in the respec�ve Municipali�es to take good care of the equipment.

In order to have the whole compos�ng process done more effec�vely, efficient machines are being used for turning solid waste to ensure aerobic decomposi�on of the solid waste in line with the major goal of the project, that is, ‘to reduce produc�on of Green House Gases (GHGs)’. This was done through procurement of a more powerful machine, the Wheel Loader and training drivers in opera�ons management.

and Training of Tractor Drivers under the

Mr. Rukya Robert, the Wheel Loader Driver for Fort Portal tests it; His Worship Asaba Edison Ruyonga, the Fort Portal Municipal Mayor congratulates him.

The author is a CDM/MSWC Project Manager at NEMA.

Details of the wheel loaders handed over to Municipali�es

SN MUNICIPAL WHEEL LOADER COUNCIL REG. NO.1. Mukono UAJ 772X2. Jinja UAJ774X3. Mbale UAJ776X4. Soro� UAJ779X5. Lira UAJ780X6. Fort Portal UAJ788X7. Kasese UAJ 792X8. Kabale UAJ796X

9. Mbarara UAJ794X

List of Drivers trained in the wheel loaders opera�on SN NAME MUNICIPALITY 1. Kirumira Ssaziri Mukono2. Magala Grace Mukono3. Waiswa Joshua Jinja4. Waiswa Levi�cus Jinja5. Waraba Peter Mbale Charles 6. Masaba Johnson Mbale7. Elesu Robert Soro�8. Ebwolu Thomas Soro�9. Omoch Moses Lira10. Odongo Francis Lira Dickens 11. Rukya Robert Fort Portal12. Kyamanywa Paul Fort Portal13. Bakwirison K. Kasese Moses 14. Asiimwe Dankan Kasese15. Ahumuza Paul Kabale16. Nwabihogo Bosco Kabale17. Muganga Robert Mbarara18. Muharimoha Mbarara Geoffrey

Please send your articles to the Editor

NEMA NEWSP. O Box 22255 Kampala Uganda

Fax. +256-414-257521E-mail:[email protected]

NEMA BITS


On 29th February 2012, the State Minister for Environment, Hon. Flavia Nabugere conducted a familiariza�on tour to NEMA offices. The Hon.

Minister was introduced to NEMA staff by Dr. Tom. O. Okurut, the Execu�ve Director, NEMA and briefed on the ins�tu�on’s mandate, func�ons and structure as well as key achievements, performance and improvement strategies of each of the departments, namely; Policy Planning and Informa�on (PPI), District Support Coordina�on and Public Educa�on (DSCPE), Environmental Monitoring and Compliance (EMC), Finance and Administra�on (FA) and the Execu�ve Director’s office.

The Minister thanked the Execu�ve Director and the staff of NEMA for hos�ng her and informed them that the Ministry of Water and Environment would address the overlapping task between NEMA and the Wetlands Management Department to streamline and consolidate the ins�tu�onal mandates. She emphasized that environmental ac�vi�es

State Minister for Environment visits NEMA By Annet Bukirwa

�

should be mainstreamed into all ministries’ ac�vi�es given that environment is cross-cu�ng with all the aspects of development, therefore, lead agencies should allocate budgets for carrying out environmental ac�vi�es at planning level. The Minister expressed apprecia�on to the ED and staff for the hard work being done and encouraged NEMA to con�nue promo�ng sound environment management prac�ces for sustainable development of our country amidst all the challenges.

Hon. Flavia Nabugere was later taken on a guided tour around the NEMA House visi�ng different offices that included the Library, the Analy�cal Laboratory, the GIS Lab and the Legal Chambers.

The author is the Asst. Librarian at NEMA.

The State Minister for Environment, Hon. Flavia Nabugere signing the visitors’ book in the NEMA library; extreme right is Dr. Gerald Musoke Sawula, Deputy Executive Director, NEMA, centre is Annette Bukirwa, Asst. Librarian.

Dr. Goretti Kitutu, NEMA’s Environmental Information Systems Specialist (seated) illustrates the GIS tool usage to Hon. Flavia Nabugere; Dr. Tom. O. Okurut is on the right.

The Minister inspects NEMA’s Analytical Laboratory; Jennifer Kutesakwe, the Lab Technician (right) shows chemical components as Dr. Okurut and Mr. Waiswa Ayazika, Director, EMC-NEMA (next to ED) look on.

The Minister checks on items in the NEMA Library Display Unit.

Annet Bukirwa


On the 3rd May 2012, NEMA held a sensi�za�on mee�ng with Hon. Members of Parliament (MPs) on the Natural Resources Sessional Commi�ee of

Parliament at the Imperial Royale Hotel, Kampala.

The MPs on the Natural Resources Sessional Commi�ee of Parliament were led by the Commi�ee’s Chairman Hon. Michael Werikhe, MP for Bungokho South, Dr. Tom. O Okurut, Execu�ve Director, NEMA and technical staff, were in a�endance.

Dr. Tom. O Okurut outlined the objec�ves of the mee�ng as to sensi�ze the MPs about NEMA’s func�ons with specific reference to general environment management and the environmental laws; as well as to garner support for financial and environment management and poli�cal will.

The presenta�ons and discussions focused on environmental laws, environmental management and funding challenges and need for Lead Agency support.It was acknowledged that environment management is very broad, going beyond NEMA and it was being managed by

NEMA BITSNEMA Sensitizes MPs on Institutional functions

and Environmental lawsBy Christine Akello

different Lead Agencies. This, therefore, called for environmental mainstreaming and environment budgets and work plans for the respec�ve Lead Agencies at sectoral level.

On behalf of the MPs, Hon. Werikhe appreciated the issues presented by NEMA and said that the mee�ng had been an eye opener to the MPs for a lot had been learnt and clarifica�ons made. He pledged the commi�ee’s con�nued support to NEMA and regular interac�ons.

Dr. Okurut expressed gra�tude to the Honourable Members of Parliament and the technical staff from Parliament and NEMA for their par�cipa�on in the mee�ng. He pledged to organize regular mee�ngs with the Natural Resources Sessional Commi�ee and other commi�ees of Parliament in the near future.

Christine Akello

The author is the Senior Legal Counsel at NEMA.

Highlights of the Karuma Power Project

The Public Hearing on the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the

proposed Karuma Hydro Power Project was conducted by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development and the Na�onal Environment Management Authority (NEMA) and the Directorate of Water Resources Management (DWRM) on 27th April 2012 at Karuma Primary School in Kiryandongo District.

The occasion was a�ended by people from various communi�es and ins�tu�ons who had reviewed the EIA report, different interest groups such as the youth, women groups, district leaders and technical staff from Kiryandongo and neighbouring districts, and other government agencies including NEMA, DWRM and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development.

A cross-section of participants at the public hearing.

A Women’s Group entertains guests.

Dr. Tom. O. Okurut, the Executive Director, NEMA (left), Mr. Patrick Kahangire, Chairman NEMA Board (seated) and officials hold a discussion about the Karuma hydro power project.

A section of the Karuma falls.

The Report is posted at www.nemaug.org

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Masaka District State of the Environment Report

Masaka District Local Government borders with the following districts; Kalungu in the north, Lwengo in the west, Bukomansimbi in

the north west, Rakai in the south and Kalangala in the east across Lake Victoria. It lies at an average al�tude of 1550m above sea level along the shores of Lake Victoria. The District comprises of 6 rural Sub coun�es, and one Municipal Council with 3 Divisions.

The scenery is undula�ng characterized by flat topped hills with wide valleys where many streams flows, satellite lakes of Kawungi, Manwa and Mbirizi; and, Lake Nabugabo, a lagoon separated by sand bar from Lake Victoria. The district has two designated Ramsar sites, namely, Lake Nabugabo and Nabajjuzi wetland. They have a high poten�al for eco-tourism.

Before it was split, Masaka District had a popula�on of 228,170 (PHC-2002) as follows: 111,327 male and 116,843 female with a popula�on density of 248 per km2 and popula�on growth rate of 1.7%. The total popula�on of Masaka District is approximately 249,000 with an annual growth rate of 1.7% of these, 11% are located in Urban areas and 89% are in rural areas (UBOS Projec�ons 2011).

48% of the land is under arable farming and mainly subsistence; 24% is under water and the rest of the land comprises of natural forests and planta�ons, construc�on, wetlands and rangelands. Agriculture contributes 75.04% of the total District income and the agricultural produc�on growth rate is 2% per annum. Ca�le popula�on of 63,685 and over 89.9% are local breeds; goat popula�on is 19,740 with 92% being local breeds; 39% are chicken. Gaze�ed forested area is 8905.6 ha, 91% of which is under the Central Forestry Reserves (CFRs), other sca�ered natural forest are found along the lake shore and on private land. The Tropical High Forests cons�tute 60% of the biomass stock in the CFR, and thus contribu�ng 22.4% of the total District biomass stock, rate of deforesta�on stands at 31%. Wood fuel is the major source for cooking in Masaka, with over 98% of all the households depending on fuel wood for cooking

There are 122 fish ponds with a total area 27,307 m2, with a produc�on rate of 11,600kg per year from fish farming alone.

There are 57 boreholes, 144 protected springs, 332 shallow wells, 22 RWHT; overall, 59.1% of the popula�on in Masaka has access to safe water. 75% of the people in Masaka Municipality use piped water, while 24% use water from protected springs.

The District has 33 health facili�es, with 80% of the popula�on being within 5km radius of the facility. Overall, 40% of the total popula�on has access to quality health services. 10% of the popula�on is infected with HIV/AIDS, About 16,000 in need of ARVs only 10,000 people are on ARVs. Immuniza�on coverage 92%.The District has 72 Primary schools with an enrolment of 180,000 pupils and 30 Secondary schools. There are also Teacher Training Colleges, Technical Colleges, and other Voca�onal and higher ins�tu�ons of learning.

By Rose Nakyejjwe

Mr. Kweronda Ruhemba

Chief Administrative Officer, Masaka

Mr. Joseph Kalungi Masaka District

Chairman

Ms. Rose NakyejjweDistrict Environment

Officer, Masaka


A Green Economy is defined as that economy that results into improved human well being and reduced inequali�es over the long term, while not exposing future genera�ons

to significant environmental risks and ecological scarci�es (UNEP, 2010). Green growth is the pursuit of economic growth and development while preven�ng costly environmental degrada�on, climate change, biodiversity loss and unsustainable natural resource use (OECD Green Growth Strategy, 2010).

A Green Economy therefore is one which:(i) has low carbon emissions and pollu�on levels;(ii) enhances energy and resource efficiency; (iii) socially inclusive;(iv) equitable;(v) promotes sustainable produc�on and consump�on pa�erns; and, (vi) promotes and enhances the natural capital base including biodiversity and ecosystem services.

A Green Economy is public and private sector driven and aims at suppor�ng structural transforma�on of the economy to achieve higher produc�vity, value addi�on and inclusive growth that is responsive to poverty eradica�on. Many of the issues/concerns advocated by the Green Economy and the principles underlying it are captured under Uganda’s development frameworks formerly; the Poverty Eradica�on Ac�on Plan and currently the Na�onal Development Plan (NDP) and the Na�onal Vision 2030.

Opportuni�es presented by the Green Economy to UgandaThe green growth strategy turns current challenges and risks into new opportuni�es by ensuring growth while improving environmental sustainability. A Green Economy will improve the integra�on of economic development with environment sustainability. Therefore Green Economy offers the following:(i) Resource mobiliza�on towards a low emission and climate resilient development pathway(ii) Technology transfer and capacity building (iii) Income and employment opportuni�es including the crea�on of green and decent jobs(iv) Crea�ng new markets

Contribu�on of Green Economy to Sustainable development and Poverty eradica�on in UgandaPursuing policies and investments that sustain and enhance the produc�vity of natural capital assets e.g. the Soils, Forests, Fisheries on which the majority of the poor depend for their livelihoods. Pathways to a Green EconomyThe transi�on to a Green Economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty reduc�on requires a balanced policy mix and structural transforma�on. It requires an enabling environment which includes the cri�cal role of the state, the private sector and the ac�ve par�cipa�on of all stakeholders. Green economic transforma�on will require targeted private and public expenditure, policy and ins�tu�onal reforms and changes in regula�ons in order to maintain, enhance and rebuild natural capital as a cri�cal economic asset and source of public benefits especially for the poor whose livelihoods and security depend on natural resources.

The Green Economy in the Context of Sustainable Development

and Poverty Eradication: Key messages

Source: NEMA

As the world gears up for the United Na�ons Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20), World Environment Day is an

opportunity to highlight the need for a paradigm shi� towards a more sustainable world. This year’s theme, “Green Economy: Does it include you?”, underscores the need for everyone to play their part in keeping humankind’s ecological footprint within planetary boundaries.

The world’s popula�on stands at 7 billion and may rise to more than 9 billion by 2050. This means greater pressure on already crowded ci�es – where more than half of all people now live – and on natural resources, as demand for food, water and energy rises. It also means more people in search of decent jobs. Globally, 1.3 billion people are currently unemployed or under-employed. An es�mated half billion more will join the job market over the next decade.

Sustainability entails providing opportunity for all by balancing the social, economic and environmental dimensions of development. We have to rebut the myth that there is conflict between economic and environmental health. With smart policies and the right investments, countries can protect their environment, grow their economies, generate decent jobs and accelerate social progress.

Rio+20 is our opportunity to deepen global commitment to sustainable development. In Rio, we should agree that measuring growth and wealth by Gross Domes�c Product alone is inadequate. We should agree that the world needs a set of sustainable development goals that will build on the Millennium Development Goals. And we should make progress on some of the building blocks of sustainability – energy, water, food, ci�es, oceans, jobs and the empowerment of women.

Sustainability is gaining prominence on the public policy agenda in both developed and developing na�ons. The UN itself is working towards climate neutrality and sustainable management of our offices and ac�vi�es. In Rio, we must mobilize the partnerships we need to shi� the world onto a more sustainable trajectory of growth and development. On this World Environment Day, in advance of this historic conference, I urge governments, businesses and all members of society to make the holis�c choices that will ensure a sustainable

future – the future we want.

WED message by the

UN Secretary General

Ban Ki-moon

Source:www.unep.org/wed


C h i l d r e n ’ s c o r n e r

H.E.A.R.T is an organisation for children that creates awareness and education. H.E.A.R.T stands for; Hygiene, Environment, Attitude, Relationships and Talent. Below is a poem composed by H.E.A.R.T Stars on Actions that promote Green Economy.

POEMHygiene, Hygiene, HygieneMan’s good friendBy brushing my teethI keep hygieneBy bathing twice a dayI keep hygieneBy wearing clean clothesI keep hygieneOh hygiene!

Environment, Environment, EnvironmentMan’s close friendBy sweeping the compoundWe keep the environment cleanBy mopping the house We keep our environment cleanBy planting trees and flowersWe keep our environment clean.Oh environment!

Attitude, Attitude, AttitudeMan’s mental friendBy reading good booksWe develop a positive attitude

By having good friendsWe keep a positive attitude By watching good moviesWe keep a positive attitude.Oh attitude!

Relationship, Relationship, RelationshipMan’s ‘must have friend’By cleaning myselfI have a good relationship with myself By cleaning my house and compoundI have a good relationship with my environmentBy having good friendsI have a positive attitudeBy singing and writing about H.E.A.R.TI’m using my God given talentOh relationship!

Talent, Talent, TalentMan’s income friendBy singing about hygieneI’m embracing excellenceBy writing about the environmentI’m embracing excellenceBy reading and listening to H.E.A.R.T messagesI’m embracing excellence.Oh talent!

With Hygiene, Environment, Attitude, Relationships and Talent we can attain a Green Economy.

H.E.A.R.T: Our Actions CountBy the H.E.A.R.T Stars

Some of the H.E.A.R.T Stars playing after one of their rehearsals.

For more information, contact:Mob. +256-774128841E-mail:[email protected]

OPINION


At a global scale, Interna�onal Labour Organiza�on (ILO)

es�mates that about 2.3 million workers die each year from work-related accidents and diseases, and this figure is on the increase. In the wake of the ever increasing risks and hazards at work places due to current moderniza�on and globaliza�on, workers necessitate work protec�on as the primary resource. This calls for sensi�za�on of employees and employers and the general public on issues of occupa�onal safety and health. People should take a proac�ve approach rather than a reac�ve approach as a best strategy to undertake which is not complicated and costly than healing the wounds and scars of disaster.

In the Occupa�onal Safety and Health Act (OSHA), 2006, sec�on 13(1) (a) which reveals that “It is the responsibility of an employer to take as far as is reasonably prac�cable, all measures for protec�on of his or her workers and the general public from dangerous aspects of the employer’s undertaking at his own cost”. Furthermore, sec�on 13 (2) (c) states that “It is the employer’s duty to ensure provision

of adequate and appropriate informa�on, instruc�ons, training and supervision necessary to ensure, as far as is reasonably prac�cable, the safety health of employees; and, the applica�on and use of occupa�onal safety and health measures, taking into account the func�ons and capabili�es of the different categories of workers in an undertaking”. Therefore, the OSHA should be given the a�en�on it deserves.

According to ILO, about 400,000 deaths globally annually are caused by exposure to chemicals. The non-fatal accidents due to chemicals include employees dying in confined spaces, such as sewers, silos and tanks, and in explosions of gas cylinders or of drums during welding. Inves�ga�on of such cases has revealed lack of adequate awareness and educa�on about safety and lack of safe work procedures or weaknesses in safety procedures.

As an environmentalist, I believe that “preven�on is be�er than cure”. I urge employers, employees, law enforcement bodies and communi�es at large to make a direct confronta�on to this flaw and have the lives of people opera�ng under safe condi�ons as a way of eleva�ng a green economy in this

country through addressing the following protec�ve measures, including:• Basic process safety management requirements that include chemical risk assessment, hazard iden�fica�on, risk analysis to determine the degree of risk reduc�on and the emergency arrangements available;• A safety policy should be defined and known in each work place and resources. Leadership should be allocated to carry out the implementa�on of the safety policy;• There will always be change in the technology used in procedures and in personnel. Change should be well managed and not taken for granted. All employees, including contractors and customers, should be well prepared to handle any changes at the work place, through appropriate sensi�za�on and training;• Opera�ng procedures should specify the consequences of devia�ons and steps to avoid or to correct devia�ons. The best available knowledge and methods should be applied; and,• Safe work prac�ces and permits to work should be developed and implemented for hot work and entry into confined spaces.

In summary, there is no way our country can achieve ins�tu�onal and social-economic growth without implementa�on of Occupa�onal Health and Safety Standards for workers. Green economy ensures be�er living and sustainable development. Working without safety is a dead-end job.

The author is a B.A (Environmental Management)III student atMakerere UniversityE mail:[email protected]

Occupational Health and Safety Elevates Green Economy

By Kanyesigye William

Kanyesigye William

Potting of Palm seedlings in the open in Kalangala District.


Leather Industries of Uganda Limited (LIU) is unit under Industrial Promo�onal

Services (IPS) Uganda.Uganda’s only finished leather tanning and processing industry, LIU has taken responsibility to conserve the environment for benefit of the present and future genera�ons. This is done in fulfilment of the requirements of the Na�onal Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) in Uganda. Numerous ac�vi�es have been undertaken by the management of LIU to ensure that a comfortable level of compliance is achieved and maintained.

The con�nuous applica�on of an integrated preven�ve environmental strategy to process products and services to increase efficiency and reduce risks to humans and environment is emphasized at LIU. The cost of wastes and emissions including nega�ve environmental and health impacts can be avoided or minimized by adop�ng cleaner technologies. It is preven�ve approach rather than reac�ve. Through con�nuous improvements and implementa�on of cleaner technologies, LIU has witnessed a future turning point towards efficient use of resources and environmental compliance, hence promo�ng a Green economy. By using clean technologies, economic savings in terms of reduced chemical procurement can be achieved, which enable short pay back of investment costs. A reduc�on in discharged pollu�on will allow the effluent treatment plant to be operated more economically, providing a be�er effluent quality.

Leather tanning consists of two meta-processes: wet blue produc�on and finishing. The former involves removing unwanted substances (salt, flesh, hair, and grease) from a rawhide, trimming it, trea�ng it to impart the desired grain and stretch,

and finally soaking it in a chrome bath to prevent decomposi�on. Finishing involves spli�ng, shaving, re-tanning, and dying the wet blue. The wet blue and finishing processes are technologically and economically separable; the process is far more pollu�ng than finishing, genera�ng 90% of water pollu�on associated with leather tanning.Two sub stages of this process are par�cularly dirty: dehairing, in which rawhides are soaked in a bath of lime and sodium sulphide to dissolve hair and flesh, and chrome tanning, in which hides are soaked in a chrome bath to render them biologically inert.

Chrome tanning is the most common type of tanning in the world. Chrome tanned leathers are characterized by top handling quality, high hydro-thermal stability, user-specific proper�es and versa�le applicability. Waste chrome from leather manufacturing, however, poses a significant disposal problem. Waste chrome is contained in:• Liquid waste: Spent floats from tanning and re-tanning, as well as waste from sammying and draining; and,• Sludge: Dewatered slurry resul�ng from sedimenta�on of suspended solids during primary (physico-chemical) effluent treatment.

The management of waste chrome is not a ma�er to be neglected either. The amount discharged under standard technological condi�ons, 3 - 7 kg Cr/t w/s hides, represents a concentra�on of 60 - 140 mg Cr/l in mixed wastewater streams within a total water consump�on of 50 m3/t w/s hides. This concentra�on is not acceptable in many countries given the legisla�ve limits on direct/indirect effluent discharge and sludge land filling. Thus, every chrome management project has to address the problem of reducing the chrome concentra�on in effluent not only by maximizing chrome exhaus�on in tanning, but also by applying supplementary methods, such as recycling chrome-tanning floats and chrome recovery/reuse. Throughout the world, chrome discharge from tanneries is subject to strict regula�ons. That notwithstanding, chrome is a component that has to be strictly monitored. The environmental impact of chrome discharged from tanneries has been a subject of

Leather Industries of Uganda Tannery adopts Cleaner

By Agaba Nelson

Flow diagram of Chrome Recovery by Precipitation with Magnesium Oxide

Agaba Nelson

Slow precipitation with magnesium oxide, settling of the suspension, decantation of the supernatant (no need for a filter press) and subsequent acidification of the relatively dense precipitate.

Turn to page 13


extensive scien�fic and technical dispute. In Uganda, the legisla�ve limits on the disposal of solid chrome-containing waste and liquid emissions remain strictly regulated.

The principle of Chrome Recovery and Recycling at LIU is based on recovering the chrome from floats containing residual chrome by means of precipita�on, separa�on and subsequent redissolu�on in acid for reuse. The base used to precipitate the chrome can vary. Any alkali precipitates chrome salts; however, the stronger the alkali, the faster the rate of reac�on and the slower the rate of coagula�on. Slow precipita�on with magnesium oxide, se�ling of the suspension, decanta�on of the supernatant (no need for a filter press) and subsequent acidifica�on of the rela�vely dense precipitate is the best method adopted by Leather Industries of Uganda, Jinja. (see Flow diagram on page 12). Technology of Chrome Recovery and Re use system: How it is doneThe following general advice on the opera�on of a chrome recovery plant may be given:• Preliminary screening is essen�al and, as required, fat removal by skimming.• When using MgO, the chemical is added as a powder or pumped as slurry to the collected floats under con�nuous s�rring. However, the size and structure of MgO par�cles will influence the rate of reac�on and se�lement proper�es.• The op�mum condi�on for precipita�on is pH 8.5 - 9.0. Under standard condi�ons, the pH value should normally not exceed 10.0 because chromium hydroxide redissolves at a higher pH. When precipita�ng of floats from high-exhaus�on tanning, it is some�mes useful to raise the pH over 10.0, reducing it therea�er to 8.5 - 9.0. When using MgO, the pH value should be in the range of 8.0 - 9.0;

over dosage, however, is less likely.• A suitable temperature for precipita�on is 35 - 40°C. When precipita�ng floats from high-exhaus�on tanning, a temperature during precipita�on of up to 60 - 80oC may be desirable. The greater the concentra�on of masking agents and other organic substances, the higher the temperature required.• Precipita�on usually takes up to 3 hours. When precipita�ng with MgO, a hydrated chrome oxide sludge with a crystalline structure and short sedimenta�on/filtra�on �me drops down. The solubility value of the chrome oxide hydrate produced is 2.9 x 10 - 29, i.e. extremely low, so that the precipitate is theore�cally insoluble in water. In prac�ce, however, the chrome concentra�on in the supernatant is about 5 mg/l• The hydrated chrome oxide sludge has to be se�led by le�ng it stand overnight or for 24 hours and then separa�ng it from the supernatant by decan�ng.• The chrome hydroxide precipitate is dissolved by concentrated sulphuric acid being added at a rate of 2 kg or more per kg chrome oxide on a con�nuous basis, while s�rring un�l pH 2.5 is reached. Redissolu�on depends greatly on the age and purity of the chrome slurry. The recovered chrome a�er natural cooling of 3-4 hours is thus ready for re-use with the addi�on of fresh basic chromium sulphate as 30%:70% ra�o.

Recovery/reuse efficiencyIn conven�onal chrome tanning, the chrome oxide content in the recovered liquor is usually 100 - 150 g Cr2O3/l. A moderate concentra�on of organic compounds in the tanning liquors (fat, masking and high fixa�on

auxiliaries, syntans) does not adversely affect chrome precipita�on and redissolu�on. Nevertheless, if present in recovered chrome liquor, those compounds may some�mes cause problems in the produc�on of high quality leather by impar�ng a greyish �nt to the leather and impairing the consistency of shade.

It is recommended that a�en�on be paid to the fat content in recovered tanning floats. A fat concentra�on of less than 45 mg/l in the recovered chrome liquor should be observed in order to prevent the leather discolouring.

In general, if chrome recovery is performed incorrectly, certain problems can arise during tanning. For example, the problem of staining is a consequence of insufficient reduc�on of astringency in the reused spent float or inadequate solubilisa�on of the chrome precipitate. Experiments at LIU have revealed that leather tanned with 70 % fresh chrome and 30 % recovered chrome has more or less the same quality as leather tanned with 100 % fresh chrome.

Leather-tanning Technologies, attains Environmental Compliance

The chrome recycling unit at Leather Industries of Uganda, Jinja: the Reactor, Acid Tank, Chrome regeneration Tank and Pumps.

The author is the Environment, Health & Safety Manager at Leather Industries of Uganda Limited Plot M74, Nyanza Road - Fisherman’s PointJinja, UgandaE mail:[email protected]/[email protected]

Turn to page 15


Payment for Ecosystems Services to Enhance Biodiversity Conservation in Productive Landsacpes in Uganda

The Developing an Experimental Methodology for Tes�ng the Effec�veness

of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) project is supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) through the United Na�ons Environment Programme (UNEP) with co-financing from Government and partners involved in the implementa�on of the project. The goal of the project is to enhance biodiversity conserva�on in produc�ve landscapes in Uganda and globally through be�er understanding of PES. The objec�ve of the project is to test the effec�veness of PES as a viable means for financing biodiversity conserva�on outside protected areas, focusing on private and community forests in key wildlife corridors in Hoima and Kibaale districts.

NEMA is implemen�ng the project in collabora�on with the Chimpanzee Sanctuary & Wildlife Conserva�on Trust (CSWCT) as

the Project Management Unit (PMU) and other project partners including Nature Harness Ini�a�ve (NAHI), Interna�onal Ins�tute for Environment and Development (IIED), Katoomba Group, Innova�ons for Poverty Ac�on (IPA) and interna�onal scien�sts from Stanford University and the World Bank.

The project has a direct linkage with the provisions of the Na�onal Development Plan (NDP) on biodiversity, forestry and the environment. A�ribute (e) of Vision for NDP states that Ugandans should be able to exploit and use natural resources gainfully and sustainably to promote compe�veness, independence, self sustenance and dynamic economy, which is resilient to any external shocks, an economy which supports stability and protec�on of biological and physical resources.

The project is targe�ng the conserva�on and sustainable u�liza�on of private forests in Hoima

and Kibaale districts. These areas forms part of the corridor for chimpanzees and are home to Uganda’s largest chimpanzee popula�ons living outside protected areas. These districts are part of the Alber�ne Ri�. The Alber�ne Ri� Eco-Region is the most important forest system in Africa for biodiversity, extending across the Great Lakes Region of East and Central Africa (DRC, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi). Unfortunately, the forests in the Alber�ne Ri� in Uganda especially private forests are under threat due to various factors including conversion to agricultural produc�on leading to loss of biodiversity and the associated ecosystems func�ons as well as other tangible benefits from forests that are vital for local community livelihoods.

Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) to Enhance Biodiversity Conservation in Productive Landscapes in Uganda

By Paul Hatanga M.

Paul Hatanga

District, Subcounty and Village specific informa�on on PES project progress District Subcounty Par�cipa�ng/benefi�ng villages Forest owners Total forest signing up to being conserved PES contract and reforested (Ha) Hoima Kyabigambire Rwobunyonyi, Mparangasi, Kihambya, Busanga, 53 106 Kyakamese, Ruhunga Kitoba Kyabasengya, Buhamba, Kibanjwa, Kyakakoizi, Kibanjwa, 62 181 Bukerenge, Kiryangobe Bugambe Kyabasimba, Kikinda,, Kiyoora, Kyakajaka,, Nyabuhere, 56 105 Muntooke, Kahoojo, Katanwa Kiziranfumbi Kigabo, Kicaya, Kamusunsi, Kyarwensambya, Kicompyo, 43 472 Kinywambeho, Kihaguzi, Kiswaza, Nyansororo Kabwoya Kihooko, Ikoba B, Kitaganya , Kitoole, Kabiira, Rwobuhuka, 29 306 Kidubi, Kabango, Kituuru Kibaale Kiryanga Kiryanga A, Kiryanga B, Kitooro C, Kyabisulita, Murere, 24 94 Kicucura Kakindo Kagezi, Kanyamwabura, Kiryabukura, Kyakabangali, 65 168 Kyarukoka, Rwanjare, Kyakajumbi, Kanani, Kihaguzi, Kisaigi, Kyakamutanga, Kyefumbizi, Ka�kara, Rwembuba, Kasojo, Busera, Igomba, Kihuna A, Kuhuna B, Majeru, Nkwaki, Kadiki, Betaniya Birembo Buramagi, Kitogo 6 5 Totals 338 1,437


From page 8

Progress of Project Implementa�onThe na�onal incep�on workshop and the first Project steering mee�ng were held in Hoima district, western Uganda in June 2010. The project manager was recruited in August 2010 and commenced his du�es in September 2010. The socio-economic and biodiversity baselines were completed in April 2011 whereas satellite images and forestry baselines for impact evalua�on monitoring will be completed by mid-2012. The na�onal execu�ng agency has signed MOUs with all implemen�ng partners (CSWCT, Katoomba group, IIED and IPA).

Early 2011, the project focused on development of PES training materials and training workshops for local communi�es, private sector and government technocrats. These were aimed at providing founda�onal knowledge for project implementa�on and subsequent knowledge and capacity building opportuni�es for poten�al par�cipants that were to be selected later in the year.

Star�ng in mid 2011, comparison and treatment (implementa�on) villages were selected and consulta�ons carried out in 70 villages with over 900 village par�cipants. IPA had established baselines with about 600 of them. A�er consulta�ons, 413 landowners expressed interest to conserve and reforest a total of 1437 ha.For more informa�on on the project, contact:www.nemaug.org / www.ngambaisland.org

The author is the Project ManagerChimpanzee Sanctuary & Wildlife Conservation Trust (CSWCT)E-mail:[email protected]

Masaka State of the Environment Report PES and Biodiversity Conservation

From page 14 Achievements for Environment and Natural Resources within the past five years• Produc�on of the five year District Environment Ac�on Plan;• Integra�on of the Environment and Natural Resources the five year District Development Plan;• Promo�on of Formal Environmental Educa�on through annual public lectures for Secondary Schools and Educa�on for Sustainable Development being funded by Nature Uganda ;• Crea�on of public environmental awareness through commemora�on of Wetlands Days annually;• Carrying out inspec�on and monitoring to control and reduce environmental/natural resources degrada�on;• Training of Local/Area Wetland Management Commi�ees to undertake wetland monitoring;• Recruitment of the Municipal Environment Officer; • Tree plan�ng targe�ng private land owners using funds from FIEFOC; • Introduc�on of farm planning to ensure soil and water conserva�on and improving household incomes;• Partnership with funding agencies, that is, Lake Albert Safari Limited in areas of eco tourism, LVEMPII for conserva�on of Lake Victoria catchment, Nature Uganda in promo�ng Educa�on for Sustainable Development; and,• Restora�on of Nakayiba wetland.

Challenges facing the Environment and Natural Resources Department • High deficiency of firewood and other wood products; es�mated at of 89%, hence pu�ng pressure on the exis�ng ecosystem and lack of affordable alterna�ve energy sources; • Inadequate facilita�on for the Environment and Natural Resources Department to carry out its obliga�ons;• The Environment and Natural Resources Department is under-staffed; • Low public awareness on Environment and Natural Resources Management to stakeholders including poli�cal leaders;• Increasing Natural Resources degrada�on (soils erosion, wetlands, forests and lake shores);• Silent resistance by both poli�cians and communi�es which nega�vely

affect the management and conserva�on of natural resources; • Lack of District Environmental Ordinance and Sub-county bye-laws to reinforce the Na�onal policies in regula�ng management of natural resources; • Inadequate Environmental Informa�on sharing and planning; • Inadequate knowledge, mi�ga�on and adapta�on plans for climate change nega�ve effects; • Weak collabora�on and coordina�on with NGOs and CBOs undertaking Environmental and Natural Resources ac�vi�es;• Lack of transport to facilitate smooth running of the natural resources sector;• Inadequate management of municipal solid waste, effluents and noise pollu�on;• Inadequate follow up of the approved environmental impact condi�ons at specific sites; and,• Wide spread of invasive weeds including the pioneer weed, lantana camara.

Strategies and Future Ac�ons• Strengthening the capacity and support to the Natural Resources Sector;• Improving and Strengthening Environmental mainstreaming in the District and lower local government development planning and procurement;• Increasing sensi�za�on and crea�on of awareness among the communi�es and involvement of other stakeholders;• Sourcing for more funds and facilita�on for District Forestry Services, restora�on of degraded wetlands and exhausted soils, designing strategies for climate change adapta�on and mi�ga�on;• Increasing collabora�on and networking among stakeholders; • Increasing par�cipa�on of other players, especially strengthening collabora�on with civil society organiza�ons;• Promo�ng Environmental Educa�on;• Formula�on of bye laws and ordinances; and,• Encouraging Community Based Management Planning and suppor�ng local ini�a�ve.

The author is the District Environment Officer, MasakaE-mail:[email protected]


NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY, NEMANEMA House, Plot 17/19/21 Jinja Road

P.O. Box 22255 Kampala UgandaTel: +256-414-251064/5/8 Fax: +256-414-257521

E-mail:[email protected]://www.nemaug.org

N E M A N E W SEDITORIAL BOARD

Beatrice AdimolaChairperson

Dr. Evelyn LutaloElizabeth Mutayanjulwa

Co-Editors

Elizabeth MutayanjulwaDesign/Layout/Production

Eva WamalaSecretary

Christine AkelloMargaret Aanyu

Members

Visit the NEMA Library, custodian of informationMonday to Friday: 8.00am - 12.30pm and 2.00 - 4.00pm

the environmental monitoring plan for the albertine graben established

The National Environment Management authority of Uganda (NEMA)

and the Environmental Information Network (EIN) has established the Albertine Graben Environmental Monitoring Plan (AG EMP). The Plan follows the confirmation of availability of commercially viable Oil and Gas deposits in the Albertine to upscale monitoring of the environmental changes within the region accordingly. Environmental Monitoring will be done using environmental indicators.

The overall goal of the AG EMP is to establish a monitoring system to enable the authorities and regulators easily understand, predict, minimize, prevent and/or mitigate adverse impacts of Oil and Gas activities. It will also

help to provide insight into the state of the environment. An updated database on the performance of the environmental indicators will provide the first early warning signs and also a baseline for any remedial measures that may need to be undertaken.

The AG EMP integrates relevant existing data and monitoring activities with the collection of new data that has to be undertaken in the following five major thematic issues:1. Aquatic ecological issues2. Terrestrial ecological issues3. Physical/chemical issues4. Society issues5. Management and business issues

Implementation of the AG EMP will involve all relevant authorities and major stakeholders.

By Dr. Mary Goretti K. Kitutu

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (NEMA)NEMA House Plot 17/19/21 Jinja Road

P.O. Box 22255 Kampala UgandaTel: +256-414-251064/5/8

Fax: +256-414-257521 E-mail:[email protected] http://www.nemaug.org

National Environment Management AuthorityENSUR ING

SU STA INABL E DEVELO

PMENTy

THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA

THE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

FOR THE ALBERTINE GRABEN2012-2017

The front cover page of the Alber�ne Graben Environmental Monitoring Plan

The AG EMP can be accessed on:http://www.nemaug.org/reports/Albertine_graben_monitoring_plan_2012_2017.pdf

The author is the Environmental Information Systems Specialist at NEMA.

Produced by the Department of District Support Coordination and Public Education, NEMA.

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